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		<id>https://chaldeanwiki.com/api.php?action=feedcontributions&amp;feedformat=atom&amp;user=SunRise4ever</id>
		<title>ChaldeanWiki - User contributions [en]</title>
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		<updated>2026-04-30T04:29:35Z</updated>
		<subtitle>User contributions</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=The_Chaldean_Babylonian_scholar_Berossus&amp;diff=4862</id>
		<title>The Chaldean Babylonian scholar Berossus</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=The_Chaldean_Babylonian_scholar_Berossus&amp;diff=4862"/>
				<updated>2021-06-18T23:42:04Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;SunRise4ever: Chaldean Babylonian scholar Berossus new page&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;'''The Chaldean Babylonian scholar Berossus'''&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Berossus Caldeus.jpg|thumb|the Chaldean Babylonian scholar Berossus.]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the Chaldean Legacy book, P.175, the Chaldean Babylonian scholar Berossus, which started his own school to teach the Greeks in the Koine Greek language the deep knowledge of ancient Mesopotamia. This academy included sophisticated sciences and social studies like math, astronomy, medicine, history, and philosophy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Source: https://www.chaldeanlegacy.com/&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>SunRise4ever</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=File:Berossus_Caldeus.jpg&amp;diff=4861</id>
		<title>File:Berossus Caldeus.jpg</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=File:Berossus_Caldeus.jpg&amp;diff=4861"/>
				<updated>2021-06-18T23:39:35Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;SunRise4ever: User created page with UploadWizard&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;=={{int:filedesc}}==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Information&lt;br /&gt;
|description={{en|1=the Chaldean Babylonian scholar Berossus.}}&lt;br /&gt;
|date=2021-06-18 19:55:49&lt;br /&gt;
|source=The Chaldean Babylonian scholar Berossus&lt;br /&gt;
|author=the Chaldean Babylonian scholar Berossus&lt;br /&gt;
|permission=&lt;br /&gt;
|other versions=&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=={{int:license-header}}==&lt;br /&gt;
{{subst:uwl}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Uploaded with UploadWizard]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>SunRise4ever</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=BABYLON,_%22The_Bond_of_Heaven_%26_Earth%22_Digital_Art_Museum_Quality_Schematic_Plan&amp;diff=4860</id>
		<title>BABYLON, &quot;The Bond of Heaven &amp; Earth&quot; Digital Art Museum Quality Schematic Plan</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=BABYLON,_%22The_Bond_of_Heaven_%26_Earth%22_Digital_Art_Museum_Quality_Schematic_Plan&amp;diff=4860"/>
				<updated>2021-06-17T01:10:27Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;SunRise4ever: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''BABYLON, &amp;quot;The Bond of Heaven &amp;amp; Earth&amp;quot; Digital Art Museum Quality Schematic Plan'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:The Bond of Heaven &amp;amp; Earth.jpg|thumb|The Bond of Heaven &amp;amp; Earth]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is well known that Robert Johann Koldewey is considered the first archaeologist who started the systematic expedition of Babylon in 1898. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Worldwide, archaeologists have used several schematic maps of Babylon since then. Among the most popular maps was the one drawn during Koldewey’s expedition of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon during 1899-1917.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Many historians included schematic plans of Babylon in their studies, however, they were either displayed incomplete geographic or /and architectural details of Babylon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Artist and historian Amer Hanna Fatuhi has researched for years the city of Babylon. Enclosed his 2021 version of his extraordinary digitally-drawn colorful museum-quality plan of Babylon signed by the artist. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To read the full article or to obtain the original artwork, visit: https://amerfatuhi.blogspot.com/.../babylon-schematic...&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
BABYLON Schematic Plan … EA art gallery&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
https://www.chaldeanlegacy.com/&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>SunRise4ever</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=BABYLON,_%22The_Bond_of_Heaven_%26_Earth%22_Digital_Art_Museum_Quality_Schematic_Plan&amp;diff=4859</id>
		<title>BABYLON, &quot;The Bond of Heaven &amp; Earth&quot; Digital Art Museum Quality Schematic Plan</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=BABYLON,_%22The_Bond_of_Heaven_%26_Earth%22_Digital_Art_Museum_Quality_Schematic_Plan&amp;diff=4859"/>
				<updated>2021-06-17T01:09:33Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;SunRise4ever: New page BABYLON, &amp;quot;The Bond of Heaven &amp;amp; Earth&amp;quot; Digital Art Museum Quality Schematic Plan&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''BABYLON, &amp;quot;The Bond of Heaven &amp;amp; Earth&amp;quot; Digital Art Museum Quality Schematic Plan'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:The Bond of Heaven &amp;amp; Earth.jpg|thumb|The Bond of Heaven &amp;amp; Earth]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is well known that Robert Johann Koldewey is considered the first archaeologist who started the systematic expedition of Babylon in 1898. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Worldwide, archaeologists have used several schematic maps of Babylon since then. Among the most popular maps was the one drawn during Koldewey’s expedition of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon during 1899-1917.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Many historians included schematic plans of Babylon in their studies, however, they were either displayed incomplete geographic or /and architectural details of Babylon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Artist and historian Amer Hanna Fatuhi has researched for years the city of Babylon. Enclosed his 2021 version of his extraordinary digitally-drawn colorful museum-quality plan of Babylon signed by the artist. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To read the full article or to obtain the original artwork, visit: https://amerfatuhi.blogspot.com/.../babylon-schematic...&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
BABYLON Schematic Plan … EA art gallery&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
https://www.chaldeanlegacy.com/&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>SunRise4ever</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=File:The_Bond_of_Heaven_%26_Earth.jpg&amp;diff=4858</id>
		<title>File:The Bond of Heaven &amp; Earth.jpg</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=File:The_Bond_of_Heaven_%26_Earth.jpg&amp;diff=4858"/>
				<updated>2021-06-17T00:57:45Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;SunRise4ever: User created page with UploadWizard&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;=={{int:filedesc}}==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Information&lt;br /&gt;
|description={{en|1=The Bond of Heaven &amp;amp; Earth}}&lt;br /&gt;
|date=2021-06-16 21:13:50&lt;br /&gt;
|source=https://www.chaldeanlegacy.com/&lt;br /&gt;
|author=Amer Hanna Fatuhi&lt;br /&gt;
|permission=&lt;br /&gt;
|other versions=&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=={{int:license-header}}==&lt;br /&gt;
{{cc-by-sa-4.0}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Uploaded with UploadWizard]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>SunRise4ever</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=Babylon_Day&amp;diff=4849</id>
		<title>Babylon Day</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=Babylon_Day&amp;diff=4849"/>
				<updated>2021-05-10T01:04:51Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;SunRise4ever: Added resource&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;'''Happy Babylon Day ... Elul / September 1st'''&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                                           [[File:2019 Happy Babylon Day-2.jpg|500px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                                                       &amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;'''BABYLON DAY … Elul / September 1st'''&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In less than two weeks, we the CHALDEANS, the indigenous people of Iraq “Ancient Mesopotamia” will celebrate the most remarkable and celebrated city in the history of the world BABYBLON / Bâb-ilim (Bab-Elu), which means the Gate of the God.&lt;br /&gt;
Babylon was described in Jeremiah as “a golden cup in the Lord’s hand . . . she made the whole earth drunk” (Jer. 51:7). Babylon was the largest city in the ancient world. It was (5) five times bigger than Athens and (17) seventeen times bigger than Assur … From the time of Hammurabi to the Time of Nabu-na'id, Babylon became the golden capital of the ancient world, its impenetrable Walls and the Hanging Gardens (all together) were considered one of the Seven wonders of the world.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
September 1st is Babylon Day (Yuma d Babel) for all Chaldeans all over the world, which marks the commemorating of Nebuchadnezzar II, the Sun-king of the mighty Chaldeans who returned from his campaign to conquer Egypt to Babylon and ascended the throne in the year 605 BC / 4695 K … Are Chaldeans ready to celebrate this outstanding annual  joyful day?  … I hope so.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
From Nabu Khadnezzar Page to all Chaldeans and Friends all over the world we would love to wish you all a very Happy Babylon Day &amp;amp; many Happy Returns. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''For more information, visit: The Untold Story of Native Iraqis, PP94-110 |  www.NativeIraqis-Story.com'''&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>SunRise4ever</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=Babylon_Day&amp;diff=4848</id>
		<title>Babylon Day</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=Babylon_Day&amp;diff=4848"/>
				<updated>2021-05-10T00:23:59Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;SunRise4ever: Babylon Day&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;'''Happy Babylon Day ... Elul / September 1st'''&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                                           [[File:2019 Happy Babylon Day-2.jpg|500px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                                                       &amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;'''BABYLON DAY … Elul / September 1st'''&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In less than two weeks, we the CHALDEANS, the indigenous people of Iraq “Ancient Mesopotamia” will celebrate the most remarkable and celebrated city in the history of the world BABYBLON / Bâb-ilim (Bab-Elu), which means the Gate of the God.&lt;br /&gt;
Babylon was described in Jeremiah as “a golden cup in the Lord’s hand . . . she made the whole earth drunk” (Jer. 51:7). Babylon was the largest city in the ancient world. It was (5) five times bigger than Athens and (17) seventeen times bigger than Assur … From the time of Hammurabi to the Time of Nabu-na'id, Babylon became the golden capital of the ancient world, its impenetrable Walls and the Hanging Gardens (all together) were considered one of the Seven wonders of the world.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
September 1st is Babylon Day (Yuma d Babel) for all Chaldeans all over the world, which marks the commemorating of Nebuchadnezzar II, the Sun-king of the mighty Chaldeans who returned from his campaign to conquer Egypt to Babylon and ascended the throne in the year 605 BC / 4695 K … Are Chaldeans ready to celebrate this outstanding annual  joyful day?  … I hope so.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
From Nabu Khadnezzar Page to all Chaldeans and Friends all over the world we would love to wish you all a very Happy Babylon Day &amp;amp; many Happy Returns. ~ Dr. Amer Hanna Fatuhi, Ph.D / The Untold Story of Native Iraqis, PP94-110&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''For more information, visit: www.NativeIraqis-Story.com'''&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>SunRise4ever</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=Babylon_Day&amp;diff=4847</id>
		<title>Babylon Day</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=Babylon_Day&amp;diff=4847"/>
				<updated>2021-05-10T00:21:59Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;SunRise4ever: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;'''Happy Babylon Day ... Elul / September 1st'''&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                                           [[File:2019 Happy Babylon Day-2.jpg|500px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                                    &amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;'''BABYLON DAY … Elul / September 1st'''&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In less than two weeks, we the CHALDEANS, the indigenous people of Iraq “Ancient Mesopotamia” will celebrate the most remarkable and celebrated city in the history of the world BABYBLON / Bâb-ilim (Bab-Elu), which means the Gate of the God.&lt;br /&gt;
Babylon was described in Jeremiah as “a golden cup in the Lord’s hand . . . she made the whole earth drunk” (Jer. 51:7). Babylon was the largest city in the ancient world. It was (5) five times bigger than Athens and (17) seventeen times bigger than Assur … From the time of Hammurabi to the Time of Nabu-na'id, Babylon became the golden capital of the ancient world, its impenetrable Walls and the Hanging Gardens (all together) were considered one of the Seven wonders of the world.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
September 1st is Babylon Day (Yuma d Babel) for all Chaldeans all over the world, which marks the commemorating of Nebuchadnezzar II, the Sun-king of the mighty Chaldeans who returned from his campaign to conquer Egypt to Babylon and ascended the throne in the year 605 BC / 4695 K … Are Chaldeans ready to celebrate this outstanding annual  joyful day?  … I hope so.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
From Nabu Khadnezzar Page to all Chaldeans and Friends all over the world we would love to wish you all a very Happy Babylon Day &amp;amp; many Happy Returns. ~ Dr. Amer Hanna Fatuhi, Ph.D / The Untold Story of Native Iraqis, PP94-110&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''For more information, visit: www.NativeIraqis-Story.com'''&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>SunRise4ever</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=Babylon_Day&amp;diff=4846</id>
		<title>Babylon Day</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=Babylon_Day&amp;diff=4846"/>
				<updated>2021-05-10T00:21:44Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;SunRise4ever: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;'''Happy Babylon Day ... Elul / September 1st'''&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                                             [[File:2019 Happy Babylon Day-2.jpg|500px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                                     &amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;'''BABYLON DAY … Elul / September 1st'''&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In less than two weeks, we the CHALDEANS, the indigenous people of Iraq “Ancient Mesopotamia” will celebrate the most remarkable and celebrated city in the history of the world BABYBLON / Bâb-ilim (Bab-Elu), which means the Gate of the God.&lt;br /&gt;
Babylon was described in Jeremiah as “a golden cup in the Lord’s hand . . . she made the whole earth drunk” (Jer. 51:7). Babylon was the largest city in the ancient world. It was (5) five times bigger than Athens and (17) seventeen times bigger than Assur … From the time of Hammurabi to the Time of Nabu-na'id, Babylon became the golden capital of the ancient world, its impenetrable Walls and the Hanging Gardens (all together) were considered one of the Seven wonders of the world.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
September 1st is Babylon Day (Yuma d Babel) for all Chaldeans all over the world, which marks the commemorating of Nebuchadnezzar II, the Sun-king of the mighty Chaldeans who returned from his campaign to conquer Egypt to Babylon and ascended the throne in the year 605 BC / 4695 K … Are Chaldeans ready to celebrate this outstanding annual  joyful day?  … I hope so.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
From Nabu Khadnezzar Page to all Chaldeans and Friends all over the world we would love to wish you all a very Happy Babylon Day &amp;amp; many Happy Returns. ~ Dr. Amer Hanna Fatuhi, Ph.D / The Untold Story of Native Iraqis, PP94-110&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''For more information, visit: www.NativeIraqis-Story.com'''&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>SunRise4ever</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=Babylon_Day&amp;diff=4845</id>
		<title>Babylon Day</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=Babylon_Day&amp;diff=4845"/>
				<updated>2021-05-10T00:21:05Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;SunRise4ever: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;'''Happy Babylon Day ... Elul / September 1st'''&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                                                    [[File:2019 Happy Babylon Day-2.jpg|500px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                                                 &amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;'''BABYLON DAY … Elul / September 1st'''&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In less than two weeks, we the CHALDEANS, the indigenous people of Iraq “Ancient Mesopotamia” will celebrate the most remarkable and celebrated city in the history of the world BABYBLON / Bâb-ilim (Bab-Elu), which means the Gate of the God.&lt;br /&gt;
Babylon was described in Jeremiah as “a golden cup in the Lord’s hand . . . she made the whole earth drunk” (Jer. 51:7). Babylon was the largest city in the ancient world. It was (5) five times bigger than Athens and (17) seventeen times bigger than Assur … From the time of Hammurabi to the Time of Nabu-na'id, Babylon became the golden capital of the ancient world, its impenetrable Walls and the Hanging Gardens (all together) were considered one of the Seven wonders of the world.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
September 1st is Babylon Day (Yuma d Babel) for all Chaldeans all over the world, which marks the commemorating of Nebuchadnezzar II, the Sun-king of the mighty Chaldeans who returned from his campaign to conquer Egypt to Babylon and ascended the throne in the year 605 BC / 4695 K … Are Chaldeans ready to celebrate this outstanding annual  joyful day?  … I hope so.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
From Nabu Khadnezzar Page to all Chaldeans and Friends all over the world we would love to wish you all a very Happy Babylon Day &amp;amp; many Happy Returns. ~ Dr. Amer Hanna Fatuhi, Ph.D / The Untold Story of Native Iraqis, PP94-110&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''For more information, visit: www.NativeIraqis-Story.com'''&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>SunRise4ever</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=Babylon_Day&amp;diff=4844</id>
		<title>Babylon Day</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=Babylon_Day&amp;diff=4844"/>
				<updated>2021-05-10T00:20:54Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;SunRise4ever: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;'''Happy Babylon Day ... Elul / September 1st'''&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                                                      [[File:2019 Happy Babylon Day-2.jpg|500px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                                                 &amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;'''BABYLON DAY … Elul / September 1st'''&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In less than two weeks, we the CHALDEANS, the indigenous people of Iraq “Ancient Mesopotamia” will celebrate the most remarkable and celebrated city in the history of the world BABYBLON / Bâb-ilim (Bab-Elu), which means the Gate of the God.&lt;br /&gt;
Babylon was described in Jeremiah as “a golden cup in the Lord’s hand . . . she made the whole earth drunk” (Jer. 51:7). Babylon was the largest city in the ancient world. It was (5) five times bigger than Athens and (17) seventeen times bigger than Assur … From the time of Hammurabi to the Time of Nabu-na'id, Babylon became the golden capital of the ancient world, its impenetrable Walls and the Hanging Gardens (all together) were considered one of the Seven wonders of the world.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
September 1st is Babylon Day (Yuma d Babel) for all Chaldeans all over the world, which marks the commemorating of Nebuchadnezzar II, the Sun-king of the mighty Chaldeans who returned from his campaign to conquer Egypt to Babylon and ascended the throne in the year 605 BC / 4695 K … Are Chaldeans ready to celebrate this outstanding annual  joyful day?  … I hope so.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
From Nabu Khadnezzar Page to all Chaldeans and Friends all over the world we would love to wish you all a very Happy Babylon Day &amp;amp; many Happy Returns. ~ Dr. Amer Hanna Fatuhi, Ph.D / The Untold Story of Native Iraqis, PP94-110&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''For more information, visit: www.NativeIraqis-Story.com'''&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>SunRise4ever</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=Babylon_Day&amp;diff=4843</id>
		<title>Babylon Day</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=Babylon_Day&amp;diff=4843"/>
				<updated>2021-05-10T00:20:43Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;SunRise4ever: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;'''Happy Babylon Day ... Elul / September 1st'''&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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                                                          [[File:2019 Happy Babylon Day-2.jpg|500px]]&lt;br /&gt;
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                                                 &amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;'''BABYLON DAY … Elul / September 1st'''&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In less than two weeks, we the CHALDEANS, the indigenous people of Iraq “Ancient Mesopotamia” will celebrate the most remarkable and celebrated city in the history of the world BABYBLON / Bâb-ilim (Bab-Elu), which means the Gate of the God.&lt;br /&gt;
Babylon was described in Jeremiah as “a golden cup in the Lord’s hand . . . she made the whole earth drunk” (Jer. 51:7). Babylon was the largest city in the ancient world. It was (5) five times bigger than Athens and (17) seventeen times bigger than Assur … From the time of Hammurabi to the Time of Nabu-na'id, Babylon became the golden capital of the ancient world, its impenetrable Walls and the Hanging Gardens (all together) were considered one of the Seven wonders of the world.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
September 1st is Babylon Day (Yuma d Babel) for all Chaldeans all over the world, which marks the commemorating of Nebuchadnezzar II, the Sun-king of the mighty Chaldeans who returned from his campaign to conquer Egypt to Babylon and ascended the throne in the year 605 BC / 4695 K … Are Chaldeans ready to celebrate this outstanding annual  joyful day?  … I hope so.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
From Nabu Khadnezzar Page to all Chaldeans and Friends all over the world we would love to wish you all a very Happy Babylon Day &amp;amp; many Happy Returns. ~ Dr. Amer Hanna Fatuhi, Ph.D / The Untold Story of Native Iraqis, PP94-110&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''For more information, visit: www.NativeIraqis-Story.com'''&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>SunRise4ever</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=Babylon_Day&amp;diff=4842</id>
		<title>Babylon Day</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=Babylon_Day&amp;diff=4842"/>
				<updated>2021-05-10T00:20:20Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;SunRise4ever: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;'''Happy Babylon Day ... Elul / September 1st'''&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                                                          [[File:2019 Happy Babylon Day-2.jpg|300px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                                                 &amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;'''BABYLON DAY … Elul / September 1st'''&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In less than two weeks, we the CHALDEANS, the indigenous people of Iraq “Ancient Mesopotamia” will celebrate the most remarkable and celebrated city in the history of the world BABYBLON / Bâb-ilim (Bab-Elu), which means the Gate of the God.&lt;br /&gt;
Babylon was described in Jeremiah as “a golden cup in the Lord’s hand . . . she made the whole earth drunk” (Jer. 51:7). Babylon was the largest city in the ancient world. It was (5) five times bigger than Athens and (17) seventeen times bigger than Assur … From the time of Hammurabi to the Time of Nabu-na'id, Babylon became the golden capital of the ancient world, its impenetrable Walls and the Hanging Gardens (all together) were considered one of the Seven wonders of the world.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
September 1st is Babylon Day (Yuma d Babel) for all Chaldeans all over the world, which marks the commemorating of Nebuchadnezzar II, the Sun-king of the mighty Chaldeans who returned from his campaign to conquer Egypt to Babylon and ascended the throne in the year 605 BC / 4695 K … Are Chaldeans ready to celebrate this outstanding annual  joyful day?  … I hope so.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
From Nabu Khadnezzar Page to all Chaldeans and Friends all over the world we would love to wish you all a very Happy Babylon Day &amp;amp; many Happy Returns. ~ Dr. Amer Hanna Fatuhi, Ph.D / The Untold Story of Native Iraqis, PP94-110&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''For more information, visit: www.NativeIraqis-Story.com'''&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>SunRise4ever</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=Babylon_Day&amp;diff=4841</id>
		<title>Babylon Day</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=Babylon_Day&amp;diff=4841"/>
				<updated>2021-05-10T00:20:04Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;SunRise4ever: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;'''Happy Babylon Day ... Elul / September 1st'''&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 [[File:2019 Happy Babylon Day-2.jpg|300px]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
                                                 &amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;'''BABYLON DAY … Elul / September 1st'''&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In less than two weeks, we the CHALDEANS, the indigenous people of Iraq “Ancient Mesopotamia” will celebrate the most remarkable and celebrated city in the history of the world BABYBLON / Bâb-ilim (Bab-Elu), which means the Gate of the God.&lt;br /&gt;
Babylon was described in Jeremiah as “a golden cup in the Lord’s hand . . . she made the whole earth drunk” (Jer. 51:7). Babylon was the largest city in the ancient world. It was (5) five times bigger than Athens and (17) seventeen times bigger than Assur … From the time of Hammurabi to the Time of Nabu-na'id, Babylon became the golden capital of the ancient world, its impenetrable Walls and the Hanging Gardens (all together) were considered one of the Seven wonders of the world.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
September 1st is Babylon Day (Yuma d Babel) for all Chaldeans all over the world, which marks the commemorating of Nebuchadnezzar II, the Sun-king of the mighty Chaldeans who returned from his campaign to conquer Egypt to Babylon and ascended the throne in the year 605 BC / 4695 K … Are Chaldeans ready to celebrate this outstanding annual  joyful day?  … I hope so.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
From Nabu Khadnezzar Page to all Chaldeans and Friends all over the world we would love to wish you all a very Happy Babylon Day &amp;amp; many Happy Returns. ~ Dr. Amer Hanna Fatuhi, Ph.D / The Untold Story of Native Iraqis, PP94-110&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''For more information, visit: www.NativeIraqis-Story.com'''&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>SunRise4ever</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=Babylon_Day&amp;diff=4840</id>
		<title>Babylon Day</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=Babylon_Day&amp;diff=4840"/>
				<updated>2021-05-10T00:16:55Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;SunRise4ever: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;'''Happy Babylon Day ... Elul / September 1st'''&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;gallery&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2019 Happy Babylon Day-2.jpg &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gallery&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                                                 &amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;'''BABYLON DAY … Elul / September 1st'''&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In less than two weeks, we the CHALDEANS, the indigenous people of Iraq “Ancient Mesopotamia” will celebrate the most remarkable and celebrated city in the history of the world BABYBLON / Bâb-ilim (Bab-Elu), which means the Gate of the God.&lt;br /&gt;
Babylon was described in Jeremiah as “a golden cup in the Lord’s hand . . . she made the whole earth drunk” (Jer. 51:7). Babylon was the largest city in the ancient world. It was (5) five times bigger than Athens and (17) seventeen times bigger than Assur … From the time of Hammurabi to the Time of Nabu-na'id, Babylon became the golden capital of the ancient world, its impenetrable Walls and the Hanging Gardens (all together) were considered one of the Seven wonders of the world.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
September 1st is Babylon Day (Yuma d Babel) for all Chaldeans all over the world, which marks the commemorating of Nebuchadnezzar II, the Sun-king of the mighty Chaldeans who returned from his campaign to conquer Egypt to Babylon and ascended the throne in the year 605 BC / 4695 K … Are Chaldeans ready to celebrate this outstanding annual  joyful day?  … I hope so.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
From Nabu Khadnezzar Page to all Chaldeans and Friends all over the world we would love to wish you all a very Happy Babylon Day &amp;amp; many Happy Returns. ~ Dr. Amer Hanna Fatuhi, Ph.D / The Untold Story of Native Iraqis, PP94-110&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''For more information, visit: www.NativeIraqis-Story.com'''&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>SunRise4ever</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=Babylon_Day&amp;diff=4839</id>
		<title>Babylon Day</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=Babylon_Day&amp;diff=4839"/>
				<updated>2021-05-10T00:15:19Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;SunRise4ever: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;'''Happy Babylon Day ... Elul / September 1st'''&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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                                                 &amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;'''BABYLON DAY … Elul / September 1st'''&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In less than two weeks, we the CHALDEANS, the indigenous people of Iraq “Ancient Mesopotamia” will celebrate the most remarkable and celebrated city in the history of the world BABYBLON / Bâb-ilim (Bab-Elu), which means the Gate of the God.&lt;br /&gt;
Babylon was described in Jeremiah as “a golden cup in the Lord’s hand . . . she made the whole earth drunk” (Jer. 51:7). Babylon was the largest city in the ancient world. It was (5) five times bigger than Athens and (17) seventeen times bigger than Assur … From the time of Hammurabi to the Time of Nabu-na'id, Babylon became the golden capital of the ancient world, its impenetrable Walls and the Hanging Gardens (all together) were considered one of the Seven wonders of the world.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
September 1st is Babylon Day (Yuma d Babel) for all Chaldeans all over the world, which marks the commemorating of Nebuchadnezzar II, the Sun-king of the mighty Chaldeans who returned from his campaign to conquer Egypt to Babylon and ascended the throne in the year 605 BC / 4695 K … Are Chaldeans ready to celebrate this outstanding annual  joyful day?  … I hope so.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
From Nabu Khadnezzar Page to all Chaldeans and Friends all over the world we would love to wish you all a very Happy Babylon Day &amp;amp; many Happy Returns. ~ Dr. Amer Hanna Fatuhi, Ph.D / The Untold Story of Native Iraqis, PP94-110&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''For more information, visit: www.NativeIraqis-Story.com'''&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>SunRise4ever</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=File:2019_Happy_Babylon_Day-2.jpg&amp;diff=4838</id>
		<title>File:2019 Happy Babylon Day-2.jpg</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=File:2019_Happy_Babylon_Day-2.jpg&amp;diff=4838"/>
				<updated>2021-05-10T00:14:27Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;SunRise4ever: User created page with UploadWizard&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;=={{int:filedesc}}==&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Category:Uploaded with UploadWizard]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>SunRise4ever</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=Babylon_Day&amp;diff=4837</id>
		<title>Babylon Day</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=Babylon_Day&amp;diff=4837"/>
				<updated>2021-05-10T00:12:54Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;SunRise4ever: Created page with &amp;quot;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;'''Happy Babylon Day ... Elul / September 1st'''&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;                                                      &amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;'''BABYLON DAY … Elul / September 1st'''&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/bi...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;'''Happy Babylon Day ... Elul / September 1st'''&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                                                 &amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;'''BABYLON DAY … Elul / September 1st'''&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In less than two weeks, we the CHALDEANS, the indigenous people of Iraq “Ancient Mesopotamia” will celebrate the most remarkable and celebrated city in the history of the world BABYBLON / Bâb-ilim (Bab-Elu), which means the Gate of the God.&lt;br /&gt;
Babylon was described in Jeremiah as “a golden cup in the Lord’s hand . . . she made the whole earth drunk” (Jer. 51:7). Babylon was the largest city in the ancient world. It was (5) five times bigger than Athens and (17) seventeen times bigger than Assur … From the time of Hammurabi to the Time of Nabu-na'id, Babylon became the golden capital of the ancient world, its impenetrable Walls and the Hanging Gardens (all together) were considered one of the Seven wonders of the world.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
September 1st is Babylon Day (Yuma d Babel) for all Chaldeans all over the world, which marks the commemorating of Nebuchadnezzar II, the Sun-king of the mighty Chaldeans who returned from his campaign to conquer Egypt to Babylon and ascended the throne in the year 605 BC / 4695 K … Are Chaldeans ready to celebrate this outstanding annual  joyful day?  … I hope so.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
From Nabu Khadnezzar Page to all Chaldeans and Friends all over the world we would love to wish you all a very Happy Babylon Day &amp;amp; many Happy Returns. ~ Dr. Amer Hanna Fatuhi, Ph.D / The Untold Story of Native Iraqis, PP94-110&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''For more information, visit: www.NativeIraqis-Story.com'''&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>SunRise4ever</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=CHALDEAN_NATIONAL_CALENDAR&amp;diff=4836</id>
		<title>CHALDEAN NATIONAL CALENDAR</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=CHALDEAN_NATIONAL_CALENDAR&amp;diff=4836"/>
				<updated>2021-05-02T12:33:20Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;SunRise4ever: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;'''CHALDEAN NATIONAL CALENDAR&lt;br /&gt;
'''&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5300 BS – PRESENT&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                                               [[File:CHALDEAN NATIONAL CALENDAR.jpg|500px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to legend, Romulus, the founder of Rome, instituted the calendar in about 738 BC. This dating system was most likely a product of development from the Greek lunar calendar, which was originally derived from the Babylonians. However, the Roman actual calendar's date uses January as the first month of the year does not go back more than a couple of decades before the first century AD.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In fact, Julius Caesar is the one who established the Roman calendar using January 1 as the beginning of the New Year c. 46 BC. It is worth noting that January is derived from the two face god Janus, believing that Janus symbolically looked towards the rear into the previous year and ahead into the future. [1]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
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'''How Do CHALDEANS Compute Their NATIONAL CALENDAR?'''&lt;br /&gt;
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One may ask, &amp;quot;How did native Chaldeans calculate the actual date of the Proto-Kaldi calendar, and what archaeological, Biblical, and scientific evidence would support this conclusion?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Due to ongoing religious-ethnic persecution throughout the years, Chaldeans have abandoned but did not forget about their Mesopotamian roots and costumes. However, since 2000 Chaldeans have internationally adopted the New Year Celebration/AKITU of the first Chaldean Capital Eridu, founded around 5300 BC in the heart of the Chaldean historical homeland, Mat-Kaldu, as the beginning of Chaldean Babylonian history. This date was carefully studied and approved after months of hard work and profound academic examination of a submitted study by the author of this study to a professional committee of 12 scholars in the fields of social studies, including a few well-known historians and archeologists. The proposed research that was received in March 1999 asserts beyond doubt that Chaldeans are the ancient Babylonians and the descendants of the 1st Mesopotamian capital (city-state), Eridu. Among the main proofs that support the process, as mentioned earlier, are the solid facts below:   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1-         The city-states of ancient Iraq did not have a temple with the same exact name, except for the god Marduḫ's Ésagila. The temple for ancient Mesopotamians was considered a living being, and the living being cannot be separated or exist in two places at the same time. However, the people who built Eridu and its suburb Ku-ara are the same ones who built Babylon and its temple Ésagila, at the holy district of Eridu, which simply means that both cities were considered one. In fact, Eridu, the holy district in Babylon, was wisely chosen as a linking vein that connects the two cities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
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2-               According to the Nam-Lugal list and Berossus' Chronicles, the Babyloniaca, aka, Chaldeanica, Eridu and Babylon are the only cities in ancient Mesopotamia that held the name NUNki. This fact easily links both cities and their people's ethnic bond culture, especially when we learned that one of the most celebrated names of Babylon was Shubat Balati (Land of life). As it seems, this name was derived from the original name NUNKI (Homeland of life) that was used to refer by Mesopotamians to both Babylon and Eridu.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
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3-               As mentioned in the records of the Chaldean King Nabu-nasir/Nabonassar 747-734 BC, who admits to destroying most of the historical records of the preceding Chaldean kings:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Nabonassar collected together the records of deeds of kings before him and destroyed them so that reckoning of Chaldean kings might start with himself.&amp;quot; 0F[2] It is also fully documented that Sennacherib in 689 BC did not only destroyed most of the Chaldeans records, burned libraries, and demolished the temples, but he also destroyed the entire city of Babylon as was recorded in his chronicles:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[Sennacherib avenged himself on Babylon and dared to accomplish the unthinkable: he destroyed the famous and sacred city, the second metropolis of the empire, the 'bond of heaven and earth' which his forebears had always treated with infinite patience and respect:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;As hurricane proceeds, I attacked it and, like a storm, I overthrew, it . . . Its inhabitants, young and old, l did not spare, and with their corpses, I filled the streets of the city . . . The town itself and its houses, from their foundations to their roofs I devastated, I destroyed, by fire I overthrew . . . So that in future even the soil of its temples be forgotten, by water I ravaged it, I turned it into pastures.&amp;quot;][3]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4-                The Bible confirms in more than one place the profound and rich history of the Chaldeans, asserting that they are members of a mighty nation since very ancient time /a long-lived nation, an ancient nation (Jer. 5:15, U.S. Catholic Bible). However, the two main books of Genesis and Jeremiah, among other biblical books, could quickly validate this fact.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5-                The Greek and other classical historians highly valued the famous ancient encyclopedia BABYLONIACA, a combination of well-recorded epics and the most reliable old Mesopotamian records. The Babyloniaca asserts that a Chaldean dynasty was the first to rule Mesopotamia since Proto-Deluge time. It also confirmed that the first Mesopotamian king was the Chaldean A-LU-LIM/Alorus, 10 sars. 2F [4]&lt;br /&gt;
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 &lt;br /&gt;
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Conclusion: In a court of law, it is lawfully required that two witnesses ratify a testimony, and that is what the Bible requires. However, It was brought to your attention not two or three but five reliable references.  It could also add to the tens of linguistic proofs mentioned above and other historical records that exist within the Mesopotamian literature. These well-documented and solid pieces of evidence were covered in detail in my published books since 1988 AD. Perhaps the most recent comprehensive book is The Untold Story of Native Iraqis, which was instituted on foundations of more than 600 academic references. This book is among the top resources concerning this subject.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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'''For more information, visit www.nativeiraqis-story.com | www.ChaldeanLegacy.com'''&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>SunRise4ever</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=CHALDEAN_NATIONAL_CALENDAR&amp;diff=4835</id>
		<title>CHALDEAN NATIONAL CALENDAR</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=CHALDEAN_NATIONAL_CALENDAR&amp;diff=4835"/>
				<updated>2021-05-02T12:32:35Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;SunRise4ever: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;'''CHALDEAN NATIONAL CALENDAR&lt;br /&gt;
'''&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5300 BS – PRESENT&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                                               [[File:CHALDEAN NATIONAL CALENDAR.jpg|500px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to legend, Romulus, the founder of Rome, instituted the calendar in about 738 BC. This dating system was most likely a product of development from the Greek lunar calendar, which was originally derived from the Babylonians. However, the Roman actual calendar's date uses January as the first month of the year does not go back more than a couple of decades before the first century AD.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In fact, Julius Caesar is the one who established the Roman calendar using January 1 as the beginning of the New Year c. 46 BC. It is worth noting that January is derived from the two face god Janus, believing that Janus symbolically looked towards the rear into the previous year and ahead into the future. [1]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''How Do CHALDEANS Compute Their NATIONAL CALENDAR?'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One may ask, &amp;quot;How did native Chaldeans calculate the actual date of the Proto-Kaldi calendar, and what archaeological, Biblical, and scientific evidence would support this conclusion?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Due to ongoing religious-ethnic persecution throughout the years, Chaldeans have abandoned but did not forget about their Mesopotamian roots and costumes. However, since 2000 Chaldeans have internationally adopted the New Year Celebration/AKITU of the first Chaldean Capital Eridu, founded around 5300 BC in the heart of the Chaldean historical homeland, Mat-Kaldu, as the beginning of Chaldean Babylonian history. This date was carefully studied and approved after months of hard work and profound academic examination of a submitted study by the author of this study to a professional committee of 12 scholars in the fields of social studies, including a few well-known historians and archeologists. The proposed research that was received in March 1999 asserts beyond doubt that Chaldeans are the ancient Babylonians and the descendants of the 1st Mesopotamian capital (city-state), Eridu. Among the main proofs that support the process, as mentioned earlier, are the solid facts below:   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1-         The city-states of ancient Iraq did not have a temple with the same exact name, except for the god Marduḫ's Ésagila. The temple for ancient Mesopotamians was considered a living being, and the living being cannot be separated or exist in two places at the same time. However, the people who built Eridu and its suburb Ku-ara are the same ones who built Babylon and its temple Ésagila, at the holy district of Eridu, which simply means that both cities were considered one. In fact, Eridu, the holy district in Babylon, was wisely chosen as a linking vein that connects the two cities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2-               According to the Nam-Lugal list and Berossus' Chronicles, the Babyloniaca, aka, Chaldeanica, Eridu and Babylon are the only cities in ancient Mesopotamia that held the name NUNki. This fact easily links both cities and their people's ethnic bond culture, especially when we learned that one of the most celebrated names of Babylon was Shubat Balati (Land of life). As it seems, this name was derived from the original name NUNKI (Homeland of life) that was used to refer by Mesopotamians to both Babylon and Eridu.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3-               As mentioned in the records of the Chaldean King Nabu-nasir/Nabonassar 747-734 BC, who admits to destroying most of the historical records of the preceding Chaldean kings:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Nabonassar collected together the records of deeds of kings before him and destroyed them so that reckoning of Chaldean kings might start with himself.&amp;quot; 0F[2] It is also fully documented that Sennacherib in 689 BC did not only destroyed most of the Chaldeans records, burned libraries, and demolished the temples, but he also destroyed the entire city of Babylon as was recorded in his chronicles:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[Sennacherib avenged himself on Babylon and dared to accomplish the unthinkable: he destroyed the famous and sacred city, the second metropolis of the empire, the 'bond of heaven and earth' which his forebears had always treated with infinite patience and respect:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;As hurricane proceeds, I attacked it and, like a storm, I overthrew, it . . . Its inhabitants, young and old, l did not spare, and with their corpses, I filled the streets of the city . . . The town itself and its houses, from their foundations to their roofs I devastated, I destroyed, by fire I overthrew . . . So that in future even the soil of its temples be forgotten, by water I ravaged it, I turned it into pastures.&amp;quot;][3]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4-                The Bible confirms in more than one place the profound and rich history of the Chaldeans, asserting that they are members of a mighty nation since very ancient time /a long-lived nation, an ancient nation (Jer. 5:15, U.S. Catholic Bible). However, the two main books of Genesis and Jeremiah, among other biblical books, could quickly validate this fact.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5-                The Greek and other classical historians highly valued the famous ancient encyclopedia BABYLONIACA, a combination of well-recorded epics and the most reliable old Mesopotamian records. The Babyloniaca asserts that a Chaldean dynasty was the first to rule Mesopotamia since Proto-Deluge time. It also confirmed that the first Mesopotamian king was the Chaldean A-LU-LIM/Alorus, 10 sars. 2F [4]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Conclusion: In a court of law, it is lawfully required that two witnesses ratify a testimony, and that is what the Bible requires. However, It was brought to your attention not two or three but five reliable references.  It could also add to the tens of linguistic proofs mentioned above and other historical records that exist within the Mesopotamian literature. These well-documented and solid pieces of evidence were covered in detail in my published books since 1988 AD. Perhaps the most recent comprehensive book is The Untold Story of Native Iraqis, which was instituted on foundations of more than 600 academic references. This book is among the top resources concerning this subject.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For more information, visit www.nativeiraqis-story.com | www.ChaldeanLegacy.com&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>SunRise4ever</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=CHALDEAN_NATIONAL_CALENDAR&amp;diff=4834</id>
		<title>CHALDEAN NATIONAL CALENDAR</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=CHALDEAN_NATIONAL_CALENDAR&amp;diff=4834"/>
				<updated>2021-05-02T12:31:50Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;SunRise4ever: edit&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;'''CHALDEAN NATIONAL CALENDAR&lt;br /&gt;
'''&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;Big text&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5300 BS – PRESENT&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                                               [[File:CHALDEAN NATIONAL CALENDAR.jpg|500px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to legend, Romulus, the founder of Rome, instituted the calendar in about 738 BC. This dating system was most likely a product of development from the Greek lunar calendar, which was originally derived from the Babylonians. However, the Roman actual calendar's date uses January as the first month of the year does not go back more than a couple of decades before the first century AD.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In fact, Julius Caesar is the one who established the Roman calendar using January 1 as the beginning of the New Year c. 46 BC. It is worth noting that January is derived from the two face god Janus, believing that Janus symbolically looked towards the rear into the previous year and ahead into the future. [1]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''How Do CHALDEANS Compute Their NATIONAL CALENDAR?'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One may ask, &amp;quot;How did native Chaldeans calculate the actual date of the Proto-Kaldi calendar, and what archaeological, Biblical, and scientific evidence would support this conclusion?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Due to ongoing religious-ethnic persecution throughout the years, Chaldeans have abandoned but did not forget about their Mesopotamian roots and costumes. However, since 2000 Chaldeans have internationally adopted the New Year Celebration/AKITU of the first Chaldean Capital Eridu, founded around 5300 BC in the heart of the Chaldean historical homeland, Mat-Kaldu, as the beginning of Chaldean Babylonian history. This date was carefully studied and approved after months of hard work and profound academic examination of a submitted study by the author of this study to a professional committee of 12 scholars in the fields of social studies, including a few well-known historians and archeologists. The proposed research that was received in March 1999 asserts beyond doubt that Chaldeans are the ancient Babylonians and the descendants of the 1st Mesopotamian capital (city-state), Eridu. Among the main proofs that support the process, as mentioned earlier, are the solid facts below:   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1-         The city-states of ancient Iraq did not have a temple with the same exact name, except for the god Marduḫ's Ésagila. The temple for ancient Mesopotamians was considered a living being, and the living being cannot be separated or exist in two places at the same time. However, the people who built Eridu and its suburb Ku-ara are the same ones who built Babylon and its temple Ésagila, at the holy district of Eridu, which simply means that both cities were considered one. In fact, Eridu, the holy district in Babylon, was wisely chosen as a linking vein that connects the two cities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2-               According to the Nam-Lugal list and Berossus' Chronicles, the Babyloniaca, aka, Chaldeanica, Eridu and Babylon are the only cities in ancient Mesopotamia that held the name NUNki. This fact easily links both cities and their people's ethnic bond culture, especially when we learned that one of the most celebrated names of Babylon was Shubat Balati (Land of life). As it seems, this name was derived from the original name NUNKI (Homeland of life) that was used to refer by Mesopotamians to both Babylon and Eridu.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3-               As mentioned in the records of the Chaldean King Nabu-nasir/Nabonassar 747-734 BC, who admits to destroying most of the historical records of the preceding Chaldean kings:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Nabonassar collected together the records of deeds of kings before him and destroyed them so that reckoning of Chaldean kings might start with himself.&amp;quot; 0F[2] It is also fully documented that Sennacherib in 689 BC did not only destroyed most of the Chaldeans records, burned libraries, and demolished the temples, but he also destroyed the entire city of Babylon as was recorded in his chronicles:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[Sennacherib avenged himself on Babylon and dared to accomplish the unthinkable: he destroyed the famous and sacred city, the second metropolis of the empire, the 'bond of heaven and earth' which his forebears had always treated with infinite patience and respect:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;As hurricane proceeds, I attacked it and, like a storm, I overthrew, it . . . Its inhabitants, young and old, l did not spare, and with their corpses, I filled the streets of the city . . . The town itself and its houses, from their foundations to their roofs I devastated, I destroyed, by fire I overthrew . . . So that in future even the soil of its temples be forgotten, by water I ravaged it, I turned it into pastures.&amp;quot;][3]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4-                The Bible confirms in more than one place the profound and rich history of the Chaldeans, asserting that they are members of a mighty nation since very ancient time /a long-lived nation, an ancient nation (Jer. 5:15, U.S. Catholic Bible). However, the two main books of Genesis and Jeremiah, among other biblical books, could quickly validate this fact.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5-                The Greek and other classical historians highly valued the famous ancient encyclopedia BABYLONIACA, a combination of well-recorded epics and the most reliable old Mesopotamian records. The Babyloniaca asserts that a Chaldean dynasty was the first to rule Mesopotamia since Proto-Deluge time. It also confirmed that the first Mesopotamian king was the Chaldean A-LU-LIM/Alorus, 10 sars. 2F [4]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Conclusion: In a court of law, it is lawfully required that two witnesses ratify a testimony, and that is what the Bible requires. However, It was brought to your attention not two or three but five reliable references.  It could also add to the tens of linguistic proofs mentioned above and other historical records that exist within the Mesopotamian literature. These well-documented and solid pieces of evidence were covered in detail in my published books since 1988 AD. Perhaps the most recent comprehensive book is The Untold Story of Native Iraqis, which was instituted on foundations of more than 600 academic references. This book is among the top resources concerning this subject.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For more information, visit www.nativeiraqis-story.com | www.ChaldeanLegacy.com&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>SunRise4ever</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=CHALDEAN_NATIONAL_CALENDAR&amp;diff=4833</id>
		<title>CHALDEAN NATIONAL CALENDAR</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=CHALDEAN_NATIONAL_CALENDAR&amp;diff=4833"/>
				<updated>2021-05-02T12:31:06Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;SunRise4ever: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;'''CCHALDEAN NATIONAL CALENDAR&lt;br /&gt;
'''&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;Big text&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5300 BS – PRESENT&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                                                 [[File:CHALDEAN NATIONAL CALENDAR.jpg|500px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to legend, Romulus, the founder of Rome, instituted the calendar in about 738 BC. This dating system was most likely a product of development from the Greek lunar calendar, which was originally derived from the Babylonians. However, the Roman actual calendar's date uses January as the first month of the year does not go back more than a couple of decades before the first century AD.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In fact, Julius Caesar is the one who established the Roman calendar using January 1 as the beginning of the New Year c. 46 BC. It is worth noting that January is derived from the two face god Janus, believing that Janus symbolically looked towards the rear into the previous year and ahead into the future. [1]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''How Do CHALDEANS Compute Their NATIONAL CALENDAR?'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One may ask, &amp;quot;How did native Chaldeans calculate the actual date of the Proto-Kaldi calendar, and what archaeological, Biblical, and scientific evidence would support this conclusion?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Due to ongoing religious-ethnic persecution throughout the years, Chaldeans have abandoned but did not forget about their Mesopotamian roots and costumes. However, since 2000 Chaldeans have internationally adopted the New Year Celebration/AKITU of the first Chaldean Capital Eridu, founded around 5300 BC in the heart of the Chaldean historical homeland, Mat-Kaldu, as the beginning of Chaldean Babylonian history. This date was carefully studied and approved after months of hard work and profound academic examination of a submitted study by the author of this study to a professional committee of 12 scholars in the fields of social studies, including a few well-known historians and archeologists. The proposed research that was received in March 1999 asserts beyond doubt that Chaldeans are the ancient Babylonians and the descendants of the 1st Mesopotamian capital (city-state), Eridu. Among the main proofs that support the process, as mentioned earlier, are the solid facts below:   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1-         The city-states of ancient Iraq did not have a temple with the same exact name, except for the god Marduḫ's Ésagila. The temple for ancient Mesopotamians was considered a living being, and the living being cannot be separated or exist in two places at the same time. However, the people who built Eridu and its suburb Ku-ara are the same ones who built Babylon and its temple Ésagila, at the holy district of Eridu, which simply means that both cities were considered one. In fact, Eridu, the holy district in Babylon, was wisely chosen as a linking vein that connects the two cities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2-               According to the Nam-Lugal list and Berossus' Chronicles, the Babyloniaca, aka, Chaldeanica, Eridu and Babylon are the only cities in ancient Mesopotamia that held the name NUNki. This fact easily links both cities and their people's ethnic bond culture, especially when we learned that one of the most celebrated names of Babylon was Shubat Balati (Land of life). As it seems, this name was derived from the original name NUNKI (Homeland of life) that was used to refer by Mesopotamians to both Babylon and Eridu.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3-               As mentioned in the records of the Chaldean King Nabu-nasir/Nabonassar 747-734 BC, who admits to destroying most of the historical records of the preceding Chaldean kings:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Nabonassar collected together the records of deeds of kings before him and destroyed them so that reckoning of Chaldean kings might start with himself.&amp;quot; 0F[2] It is also fully documented that Sennacherib in 689 BC did not only destroyed most of the Chaldeans records, burned libraries, and demolished the temples, but he also destroyed the entire city of Babylon as was recorded in his chronicles:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[Sennacherib avenged himself on Babylon and dared to accomplish the unthinkable: he destroyed the famous and sacred city, the second metropolis of the empire, the 'bond of heaven and earth' which his forebears had always treated with infinite patience and respect:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;As hurricane proceeds, I attacked it and, like a storm, I overthrew, it . . . Its inhabitants, young and old, l did not spare, and with their corpses, I filled the streets of the city . . . The town itself and its houses, from their foundations to their roofs I devastated, I destroyed, by fire I overthrew . . . So that in future even the soil of its temples be forgotten, by water I ravaged it, I turned it into pastures.&amp;quot;][3]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4-                The Bible confirms in more than one place the profound and rich history of the Chaldeans, asserting that they are members of a mighty nation since very ancient time /a long-lived nation, an ancient nation (Jer. 5:15, U.S. Catholic Bible). However, the two main books of Genesis and Jeremiah, among other biblical books, could quickly validate this fact.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5-                The Greek and other classical historians highly valued the famous ancient encyclopedia BABYLONIACA, a combination of well-recorded epics and the most reliable old Mesopotamian records. The Babyloniaca asserts that a Chaldean dynasty was the first to rule Mesopotamia since Proto-Deluge time. It also confirmed that the first Mesopotamian king was the Chaldean A-LU-LIM/Alorus, 10 sars. 2F [4]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Conclusion: In a court of law, it is lawfully required that two witnesses ratify a testimony, and that is what the Bible requires. However, It was brought to your attention not two or three but five reliable references.  It could also add to the tens of linguistic proofs mentioned above and other historical records that exist within the Mesopotamian literature. These well-documented and solid pieces of evidence were covered in detail in my published books since 1988 AD. Perhaps the most recent comprehensive book is The Untold Story of Native Iraqis, which was instituted on foundations of more than 600 academic references. This book is among the top resources concerning this subject.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For more information, visit www.nativeiraqis-story.com | www.ChaldeanLegacy.com&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>SunRise4ever</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=CHALDEAN_NATIONAL_CALENDAR&amp;diff=4832</id>
		<title>CHALDEAN NATIONAL CALENDAR</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=CHALDEAN_NATIONAL_CALENDAR&amp;diff=4832"/>
				<updated>2021-05-02T12:30:13Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;SunRise4ever: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;'''CCHALDEAN NATIONAL CALENDAR&lt;br /&gt;
'''&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;Big text&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5300 BS – PRESENT&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                                                    [[File:CHALDEAN NATIONAL CALENDAR.jpg|500px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to legend, Romulus, the founder of Rome, instituted the calendar in about 738 BC. This dating system was most likely a product of development from the Greek lunar calendar, which was originally derived from the Babylonians. However, the Roman actual calendar's date uses January as the first month of the year does not go back more than a couple of decades before the first century AD.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In fact, Julius Caesar is the one who established the Roman calendar using January 1 as the beginning of the New Year c. 46 BC. It is worth noting that January is derived from the two face god Janus, believing that Janus symbolically looked towards the rear into the previous year and ahead into the future. [1]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''How Do CHALDEANS Compute Their NATIONAL CALENDAR?'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One may ask, &amp;quot;How did native Chaldeans calculate the actual date of the Proto-Kaldi calendar, and what archaeological, Biblical, and scientific evidence would support this conclusion?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Due to ongoing religious-ethnic persecution throughout the years, Chaldeans have abandoned but did not forget about their Mesopotamian roots and costumes. However, since 2000 Chaldeans have internationally adopted the New Year Celebration/AKITU of the first Chaldean Capital Eridu, founded around 5300 BC in the heart of the Chaldean historical homeland, Mat-Kaldu, as the beginning of Chaldean Babylonian history. This date was carefully studied and approved after months of hard work and profound academic examination of a submitted study by the author of this study to a professional committee of 12 scholars in the fields of social studies, including a few well-known historians and archeologists. The proposed research that was received in March 1999 asserts beyond doubt that Chaldeans are the ancient Babylonians and the descendants of the 1st Mesopotamian capital (city-state), Eridu. Among the main proofs that support the process, as mentioned earlier, are the solid facts below:   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1-         The city-states of ancient Iraq did not have a temple with the same exact name, except for the god Marduḫ's Ésagila. The temple for ancient Mesopotamians was considered a living being, and the living being cannot be separated or exist in two places at the same time. However, the people who built Eridu and its suburb Ku-ara are the same ones who built Babylon and its temple Ésagila, at the holy district of Eridu, which simply means that both cities were considered one. In fact, Eridu, the holy district in Babylon, was wisely chosen as a linking vein that connects the two cities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2-               According to the Nam-Lugal list and Berossus' Chronicles, the Babyloniaca, aka, Chaldeanica, Eridu and Babylon are the only cities in ancient Mesopotamia that held the name NUNki. This fact easily links both cities and their people's ethnic bond culture, especially when we learned that one of the most celebrated names of Babylon was Shubat Balati (Land of life). As it seems, this name was derived from the original name NUNKI (Homeland of life) that was used to refer by Mesopotamians to both Babylon and Eridu.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3-               As mentioned in the records of the Chaldean King Nabu-nasir/Nabonassar 747-734 BC, who admits to destroying most of the historical records of the preceding Chaldean kings:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Nabonassar collected together the records of deeds of kings before him and destroyed them so that reckoning of Chaldean kings might start with himself.&amp;quot; 0F[2] It is also fully documented that Sennacherib in 689 BC did not only destroyed most of the Chaldeans records, burned libraries, and demolished the temples, but he also destroyed the entire city of Babylon as was recorded in his chronicles:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[Sennacherib avenged himself on Babylon and dared to accomplish the unthinkable: he destroyed the famous and sacred city, the second metropolis of the empire, the 'bond of heaven and earth' which his forebears had always treated with infinite patience and respect:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;As hurricane proceeds, I attacked it and, like a storm, I overthrew, it . . . Its inhabitants, young and old, l did not spare, and with their corpses, I filled the streets of the city . . . The town itself and its houses, from their foundations to their roofs I devastated, I destroyed, by fire I overthrew . . . So that in future even the soil of its temples be forgotten, by water I ravaged it, I turned it into pastures.&amp;quot;][3]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4-                The Bible confirms in more than one place the profound and rich history of the Chaldeans, asserting that they are members of a mighty nation since very ancient time /a long-lived nation, an ancient nation (Jer. 5:15, U.S. Catholic Bible). However, the two main books of Genesis and Jeremiah, among other biblical books, could quickly validate this fact.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5-                The Greek and other classical historians highly valued the famous ancient encyclopedia BABYLONIACA, a combination of well-recorded epics and the most reliable old Mesopotamian records. The Babyloniaca asserts that a Chaldean dynasty was the first to rule Mesopotamia since Proto-Deluge time. It also confirmed that the first Mesopotamian king was the Chaldean A-LU-LIM/Alorus, 10 sars. 2F [4]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Conclusion: In a court of law, it is lawfully required that two witnesses ratify a testimony, and that is what the Bible requires. However, It was brought to your attention not two or three but five reliable references.  It could also add to the tens of linguistic proofs mentioned above and other historical records that exist within the Mesopotamian literature. These well-documented and solid pieces of evidence were covered in detail in my published books since 1988 AD. Perhaps the most recent comprehensive book is The Untold Story of Native Iraqis, which was instituted on foundations of more than 600 academic references. This book is among the top resources concerning this subject.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For more information, visit www.nativeiraqis-story.com | www.ChaldeanLegacy.com&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>SunRise4ever</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=CHALDEAN_NATIONAL_CALENDAR&amp;diff=4831</id>
		<title>CHALDEAN NATIONAL CALENDAR</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=CHALDEAN_NATIONAL_CALENDAR&amp;diff=4831"/>
				<updated>2021-05-02T12:29:52Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;SunRise4ever: Bigger image&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;'''CCHALDEAN NATIONAL CALENDAR&lt;br /&gt;
'''&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;Big text&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5300 BS – PRESENT&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                                                        [[File:CHALDEAN NATIONAL CALENDAR.jpg|500px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to legend, Romulus, the founder of Rome, instituted the calendar in about 738 BC. This dating system was most likely a product of development from the Greek lunar calendar, which was originally derived from the Babylonians. However, the Roman actual calendar's date uses January as the first month of the year does not go back more than a couple of decades before the first century AD.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In fact, Julius Caesar is the one who established the Roman calendar using January 1 as the beginning of the New Year c. 46 BC. It is worth noting that January is derived from the two face god Janus, believing that Janus symbolically looked towards the rear into the previous year and ahead into the future. [1]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''How Do CHALDEANS Compute Their NATIONAL CALENDAR?'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One may ask, &amp;quot;How did native Chaldeans calculate the actual date of the Proto-Kaldi calendar, and what archaeological, Biblical, and scientific evidence would support this conclusion?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Due to ongoing religious-ethnic persecution throughout the years, Chaldeans have abandoned but did not forget about their Mesopotamian roots and costumes. However, since 2000 Chaldeans have internationally adopted the New Year Celebration/AKITU of the first Chaldean Capital Eridu, founded around 5300 BC in the heart of the Chaldean historical homeland, Mat-Kaldu, as the beginning of Chaldean Babylonian history. This date was carefully studied and approved after months of hard work and profound academic examination of a submitted study by the author of this study to a professional committee of 12 scholars in the fields of social studies, including a few well-known historians and archeologists. The proposed research that was received in March 1999 asserts beyond doubt that Chaldeans are the ancient Babylonians and the descendants of the 1st Mesopotamian capital (city-state), Eridu. Among the main proofs that support the process, as mentioned earlier, are the solid facts below:   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1-         The city-states of ancient Iraq did not have a temple with the same exact name, except for the god Marduḫ's Ésagila. The temple for ancient Mesopotamians was considered a living being, and the living being cannot be separated or exist in two places at the same time. However, the people who built Eridu and its suburb Ku-ara are the same ones who built Babylon and its temple Ésagila, at the holy district of Eridu, which simply means that both cities were considered one. In fact, Eridu, the holy district in Babylon, was wisely chosen as a linking vein that connects the two cities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2-               According to the Nam-Lugal list and Berossus' Chronicles, the Babyloniaca, aka, Chaldeanica, Eridu and Babylon are the only cities in ancient Mesopotamia that held the name NUNki. This fact easily links both cities and their people's ethnic bond culture, especially when we learned that one of the most celebrated names of Babylon was Shubat Balati (Land of life). As it seems, this name was derived from the original name NUNKI (Homeland of life) that was used to refer by Mesopotamians to both Babylon and Eridu.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3-               As mentioned in the records of the Chaldean King Nabu-nasir/Nabonassar 747-734 BC, who admits to destroying most of the historical records of the preceding Chaldean kings:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Nabonassar collected together the records of deeds of kings before him and destroyed them so that reckoning of Chaldean kings might start with himself.&amp;quot; 0F[2] It is also fully documented that Sennacherib in 689 BC did not only destroyed most of the Chaldeans records, burned libraries, and demolished the temples, but he also destroyed the entire city of Babylon as was recorded in his chronicles:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[Sennacherib avenged himself on Babylon and dared to accomplish the unthinkable: he destroyed the famous and sacred city, the second metropolis of the empire, the 'bond of heaven and earth' which his forebears had always treated with infinite patience and respect:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;As hurricane proceeds, I attacked it and, like a storm, I overthrew, it . . . Its inhabitants, young and old, l did not spare, and with their corpses, I filled the streets of the city . . . The town itself and its houses, from their foundations to their roofs I devastated, I destroyed, by fire I overthrew . . . So that in future even the soil of its temples be forgotten, by water I ravaged it, I turned it into pastures.&amp;quot;][3]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4-                The Bible confirms in more than one place the profound and rich history of the Chaldeans, asserting that they are members of a mighty nation since very ancient time /a long-lived nation, an ancient nation (Jer. 5:15, U.S. Catholic Bible). However, the two main books of Genesis and Jeremiah, among other biblical books, could quickly validate this fact.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5-                The Greek and other classical historians highly valued the famous ancient encyclopedia BABYLONIACA, a combination of well-recorded epics and the most reliable old Mesopotamian records. The Babyloniaca asserts that a Chaldean dynasty was the first to rule Mesopotamia since Proto-Deluge time. It also confirmed that the first Mesopotamian king was the Chaldean A-LU-LIM/Alorus, 10 sars. 2F [4]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Conclusion: In a court of law, it is lawfully required that two witnesses ratify a testimony, and that is what the Bible requires. However, It was brought to your attention not two or three but five reliable references.  It could also add to the tens of linguistic proofs mentioned above and other historical records that exist within the Mesopotamian literature. These well-documented and solid pieces of evidence were covered in detail in my published books since 1988 AD. Perhaps the most recent comprehensive book is The Untold Story of Native Iraqis, which was instituted on foundations of more than 600 academic references. This book is among the top resources concerning this subject.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For more information, visit www.nativeiraqis-story.com | www.ChaldeanLegacy.com&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>SunRise4ever</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=CHALDEAN_NATIONAL_CALENDAR&amp;diff=4830</id>
		<title>CHALDEAN NATIONAL CALENDAR</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=CHALDEAN_NATIONAL_CALENDAR&amp;diff=4830"/>
				<updated>2021-05-02T12:29:15Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;SunRise4ever: Removed word image&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;'''CCHALDEAN NATIONAL CALENDAR&lt;br /&gt;
'''&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;Big text&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5300 BS – PRESENT&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:CHALDEAN NATIONAL CALENDAR.jpg|300px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to legend, Romulus, the founder of Rome, instituted the calendar in about 738 BC. This dating system was most likely a product of development from the Greek lunar calendar, which was originally derived from the Babylonians. However, the Roman actual calendar's date uses January as the first month of the year does not go back more than a couple of decades before the first century AD.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In fact, Julius Caesar is the one who established the Roman calendar using January 1 as the beginning of the New Year c. 46 BC. It is worth noting that January is derived from the two face god Janus, believing that Janus symbolically looked towards the rear into the previous year and ahead into the future. [1]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''How Do CHALDEANS Compute Their NATIONAL CALENDAR?'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One may ask, &amp;quot;How did native Chaldeans calculate the actual date of the Proto-Kaldi calendar, and what archaeological, Biblical, and scientific evidence would support this conclusion?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Due to ongoing religious-ethnic persecution throughout the years, Chaldeans have abandoned but did not forget about their Mesopotamian roots and costumes. However, since 2000 Chaldeans have internationally adopted the New Year Celebration/AKITU of the first Chaldean Capital Eridu, founded around 5300 BC in the heart of the Chaldean historical homeland, Mat-Kaldu, as the beginning of Chaldean Babylonian history. This date was carefully studied and approved after months of hard work and profound academic examination of a submitted study by the author of this study to a professional committee of 12 scholars in the fields of social studies, including a few well-known historians and archeologists. The proposed research that was received in March 1999 asserts beyond doubt that Chaldeans are the ancient Babylonians and the descendants of the 1st Mesopotamian capital (city-state), Eridu. Among the main proofs that support the process, as mentioned earlier, are the solid facts below:   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1-         The city-states of ancient Iraq did not have a temple with the same exact name, except for the god Marduḫ's Ésagila. The temple for ancient Mesopotamians was considered a living being, and the living being cannot be separated or exist in two places at the same time. However, the people who built Eridu and its suburb Ku-ara are the same ones who built Babylon and its temple Ésagila, at the holy district of Eridu, which simply means that both cities were considered one. In fact, Eridu, the holy district in Babylon, was wisely chosen as a linking vein that connects the two cities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2-               According to the Nam-Lugal list and Berossus' Chronicles, the Babyloniaca, aka, Chaldeanica, Eridu and Babylon are the only cities in ancient Mesopotamia that held the name NUNki. This fact easily links both cities and their people's ethnic bond culture, especially when we learned that one of the most celebrated names of Babylon was Shubat Balati (Land of life). As it seems, this name was derived from the original name NUNKI (Homeland of life) that was used to refer by Mesopotamians to both Babylon and Eridu.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3-               As mentioned in the records of the Chaldean King Nabu-nasir/Nabonassar 747-734 BC, who admits to destroying most of the historical records of the preceding Chaldean kings:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Nabonassar collected together the records of deeds of kings before him and destroyed them so that reckoning of Chaldean kings might start with himself.&amp;quot; 0F[2] It is also fully documented that Sennacherib in 689 BC did not only destroyed most of the Chaldeans records, burned libraries, and demolished the temples, but he also destroyed the entire city of Babylon as was recorded in his chronicles:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[Sennacherib avenged himself on Babylon and dared to accomplish the unthinkable: he destroyed the famous and sacred city, the second metropolis of the empire, the 'bond of heaven and earth' which his forebears had always treated with infinite patience and respect:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;As hurricane proceeds, I attacked it and, like a storm, I overthrew, it . . . Its inhabitants, young and old, l did not spare, and with their corpses, I filled the streets of the city . . . The town itself and its houses, from their foundations to their roofs I devastated, I destroyed, by fire I overthrew . . . So that in future even the soil of its temples be forgotten, by water I ravaged it, I turned it into pastures.&amp;quot;][3]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4-                The Bible confirms in more than one place the profound and rich history of the Chaldeans, asserting that they are members of a mighty nation since very ancient time /a long-lived nation, an ancient nation (Jer. 5:15, U.S. Catholic Bible). However, the two main books of Genesis and Jeremiah, among other biblical books, could quickly validate this fact.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5-                The Greek and other classical historians highly valued the famous ancient encyclopedia BABYLONIACA, a combination of well-recorded epics and the most reliable old Mesopotamian records. The Babyloniaca asserts that a Chaldean dynasty was the first to rule Mesopotamia since Proto-Deluge time. It also confirmed that the first Mesopotamian king was the Chaldean A-LU-LIM/Alorus, 10 sars. 2F [4]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Conclusion: In a court of law, it is lawfully required that two witnesses ratify a testimony, and that is what the Bible requires. However, It was brought to your attention not two or three but five reliable references.  It could also add to the tens of linguistic proofs mentioned above and other historical records that exist within the Mesopotamian literature. These well-documented and solid pieces of evidence were covered in detail in my published books since 1988 AD. Perhaps the most recent comprehensive book is The Untold Story of Native Iraqis, which was instituted on foundations of more than 600 academic references. This book is among the top resources concerning this subject.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For more information, visit www.nativeiraqis-story.com | www.ChaldeanLegacy.com&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>SunRise4ever</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=CHALDEAN_NATIONAL_CALENDAR&amp;diff=4829</id>
		<title>CHALDEAN NATIONAL CALENDAR</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=CHALDEAN_NATIONAL_CALENDAR&amp;diff=4829"/>
				<updated>2021-05-02T12:28:01Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;SunRise4ever: CHALDEAN NATIONAL CALENDAR&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;'''CCHALDEAN NATIONAL CALENDAR&lt;br /&gt;
'''&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;Big text&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5300 BS – PRESENT&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Images=&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:CHALDEAN NATIONAL CALENDAR.jpg|300px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to legend, Romulus, the founder of Rome, instituted the calendar in about 738 BC. This dating system was most likely a product of development from the Greek lunar calendar, which was originally derived from the Babylonians. However, the Roman actual calendar's date uses January as the first month of the year does not go back more than a couple of decades before the first century AD.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In fact, Julius Caesar is the one who established the Roman calendar using January 1 as the beginning of the New Year c. 46 BC. It is worth noting that January is derived from the two face god Janus, believing that Janus symbolically looked towards the rear into the previous year and ahead into the future. [1]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''How Do CHALDEANS Compute Their NATIONAL CALENDAR?'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One may ask, &amp;quot;How did native Chaldeans calculate the actual date of the Proto-Kaldi calendar, and what archaeological, Biblical, and scientific evidence would support this conclusion?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Due to ongoing religious-ethnic persecution throughout the years, Chaldeans have abandoned but did not forget about their Mesopotamian roots and costumes. However, since 2000 Chaldeans have internationally adopted the New Year Celebration/AKITU of the first Chaldean Capital Eridu, founded around 5300 BC in the heart of the Chaldean historical homeland, Mat-Kaldu, as the beginning of Chaldean Babylonian history. This date was carefully studied and approved after months of hard work and profound academic examination of a submitted study by the author of this study to a professional committee of 12 scholars in the fields of social studies, including a few well-known historians and archeologists. The proposed research that was received in March 1999 asserts beyond doubt that Chaldeans are the ancient Babylonians and the descendants of the 1st Mesopotamian capital (city-state), Eridu. Among the main proofs that support the process, as mentioned earlier, are the solid facts below:   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1-         The city-states of ancient Iraq did not have a temple with the same exact name, except for the god Marduḫ's Ésagila. The temple for ancient Mesopotamians was considered a living being, and the living being cannot be separated or exist in two places at the same time. However, the people who built Eridu and its suburb Ku-ara are the same ones who built Babylon and its temple Ésagila, at the holy district of Eridu, which simply means that both cities were considered one. In fact, Eridu, the holy district in Babylon, was wisely chosen as a linking vein that connects the two cities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2-               According to the Nam-Lugal list and Berossus' Chronicles, the Babyloniaca, aka, Chaldeanica, Eridu and Babylon are the only cities in ancient Mesopotamia that held the name NUNki. This fact easily links both cities and their people's ethnic bond culture, especially when we learned that one of the most celebrated names of Babylon was Shubat Balati (Land of life). As it seems, this name was derived from the original name NUNKI (Homeland of life) that was used to refer by Mesopotamians to both Babylon and Eridu.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3-               As mentioned in the records of the Chaldean King Nabu-nasir/Nabonassar 747-734 BC, who admits to destroying most of the historical records of the preceding Chaldean kings:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Nabonassar collected together the records of deeds of kings before him and destroyed them so that reckoning of Chaldean kings might start with himself.&amp;quot; 0F[2] It is also fully documented that Sennacherib in 689 BC did not only destroyed most of the Chaldeans records, burned libraries, and demolished the temples, but he also destroyed the entire city of Babylon as was recorded in his chronicles:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[Sennacherib avenged himself on Babylon and dared to accomplish the unthinkable: he destroyed the famous and sacred city, the second metropolis of the empire, the 'bond of heaven and earth' which his forebears had always treated with infinite patience and respect:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;As hurricane proceeds, I attacked it and, like a storm, I overthrew, it . . . Its inhabitants, young and old, l did not spare, and with their corpses, I filled the streets of the city . . . The town itself and its houses, from their foundations to their roofs I devastated, I destroyed, by fire I overthrew . . . So that in future even the soil of its temples be forgotten, by water I ravaged it, I turned it into pastures.&amp;quot;][3]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4-                The Bible confirms in more than one place the profound and rich history of the Chaldeans, asserting that they are members of a mighty nation since very ancient time /a long-lived nation, an ancient nation (Jer. 5:15, U.S. Catholic Bible). However, the two main books of Genesis and Jeremiah, among other biblical books, could quickly validate this fact.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5-                The Greek and other classical historians highly valued the famous ancient encyclopedia BABYLONIACA, a combination of well-recorded epics and the most reliable old Mesopotamian records. The Babyloniaca asserts that a Chaldean dynasty was the first to rule Mesopotamia since Proto-Deluge time. It also confirmed that the first Mesopotamian king was the Chaldean A-LU-LIM/Alorus, 10 sars. 2F [4]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Conclusion: In a court of law, it is lawfully required that two witnesses ratify a testimony, and that is what the Bible requires. However, It was brought to your attention not two or three but five reliable references.  It could also add to the tens of linguistic proofs mentioned above and other historical records that exist within the Mesopotamian literature. These well-documented and solid pieces of evidence were covered in detail in my published books since 1988 AD. Perhaps the most recent comprehensive book is The Untold Story of Native Iraqis, which was instituted on foundations of more than 600 academic references. This book is among the top resources concerning this subject.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For more information, visit www.nativeiraqis-story.com | www.ChaldeanLegacy.com&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>SunRise4ever</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=File:CHALDEAN_NATIONAL_CALENDAR.jpg&amp;diff=4828</id>
		<title>File:CHALDEAN NATIONAL CALENDAR.jpg</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=File:CHALDEAN_NATIONAL_CALENDAR.jpg&amp;diff=4828"/>
				<updated>2021-05-02T12:26:17Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;SunRise4ever: User created page with UploadWizard&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
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		<author><name>SunRise4ever</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=CHALDEAN_NATIONAL_CALENDAR&amp;diff=4827</id>
		<title>CHALDEAN NATIONAL CALENDAR</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=CHALDEAN_NATIONAL_CALENDAR&amp;diff=4827"/>
				<updated>2021-05-02T12:17:50Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;SunRise4ever: Chaldean National Calendar&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;'''CCHALDEAN NATIONAL CALENDAR&lt;br /&gt;
'''&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;Big text&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5300 BS – PRESENT&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to legend, Romulus, the founder of Rome, instituted the calendar in about 738 BC. This dating system was most likely a product of development from the Greek lunar calendar, which was originally derived from the Babylonians. However, the Roman actual calendar's date uses January as the first month of the year does not go back more than a couple of decades before the first century AD.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In fact, Julius Caesar is the one who established the Roman calendar using January 1 as the beginning of the New Year c. 46 BC. It is worth noting that January is derived from the two face god Janus, believing that Janus symbolically looked towards the rear into the previous year and ahead into the future. [1]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''How Do CHALDEANS Compute Their NATIONAL CALENDAR?'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One may ask, &amp;quot;How did native Chaldeans calculate the actual date of the Proto-Kaldi calendar, and what archaeological, Biblical, and scientific evidence would support this conclusion?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Due to ongoing religious-ethnic persecution throughout the years, Chaldeans have abandoned but did not forget about their Mesopotamian roots and costumes. However, since 2000 Chaldeans have internationally adopted the New Year Celebration/AKITU of the first Chaldean Capital Eridu, founded around 5300 BC in the heart of the Chaldean historical homeland, Mat-Kaldu, as the beginning of Chaldean Babylonian history. This date was carefully studied and approved after months of hard work and profound academic examination of a submitted study by the author of this study to a professional committee of 12 scholars in the fields of social studies, including a few well-known historians and archeologists. The proposed research that was received in March 1999 asserts beyond doubt that Chaldeans are the ancient Babylonians and the descendants of the 1st Mesopotamian capital (city-state), Eridu. Among the main proofs that support the process, as mentioned earlier, are the solid facts below:   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1-         The city-states of ancient Iraq did not have a temple with the same exact name, except for the god Marduḫ's Ésagila. The temple for ancient Mesopotamians was considered a living being, and the living being cannot be separated or exist in two places at the same time. However, the people who built Eridu and its suburb Ku-ara are the same ones who built Babylon and its temple Ésagila, at the holy district of Eridu, which simply means that both cities were considered one. In fact, Eridu, the holy district in Babylon, was wisely chosen as a linking vein that connects the two cities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2-               According to the Nam-Lugal list and Berossus' Chronicles, the Babyloniaca, aka, Chaldeanica, Eridu and Babylon are the only cities in ancient Mesopotamia that held the name NUNki. This fact easily links both cities and their people's ethnic bond culture, especially when we learned that one of the most celebrated names of Babylon was Shubat Balati (Land of life). As it seems, this name was derived from the original name NUNKI (Homeland of life) that was used to refer by Mesopotamians to both Babylon and Eridu.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3-               As mentioned in the records of the Chaldean King Nabu-nasir/Nabonassar 747-734 BC, who admits to destroying most of the historical records of the preceding Chaldean kings:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Nabonassar collected together the records of deeds of kings before him and destroyed them so that reckoning of Chaldean kings might start with himself.&amp;quot; 0F[2] It is also fully documented that Sennacherib in 689 BC did not only destroyed most of the Chaldeans records, burned libraries, and demolished the temples, but he also destroyed the entire city of Babylon as was recorded in his chronicles:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[Sennacherib avenged himself on Babylon and dared to accomplish the unthinkable: he destroyed the famous and sacred city, the second metropolis of the empire, the 'bond of heaven and earth' which his forebears had always treated with infinite patience and respect:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;As hurricane proceeds, I attacked it and, like a storm, I overthrew, it . . . Its inhabitants, young and old, l did not spare, and with their corpses, I filled the streets of the city . . . The town itself and its houses, from their foundations to their roofs I devastated, I destroyed, by fire I overthrew . . . So that in future even the soil of its temples be forgotten, by water I ravaged it, I turned it into pastures.&amp;quot;][3]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4-                The Bible confirms in more than one place the profound and rich history of the Chaldeans, asserting that they are members of a mighty nation since very ancient time /a long-lived nation, an ancient nation (Jer. 5:15, U.S. Catholic Bible). However, the two main books of Genesis and Jeremiah, among other biblical books, could quickly validate this fact.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5-                The Greek and other classical historians highly valued the famous ancient encyclopedia BABYLONIACA, a combination of well-recorded epics and the most reliable old Mesopotamian records. The Babyloniaca asserts that a Chaldean dynasty was the first to rule Mesopotamia since Proto-Deluge time. It also confirmed that the first Mesopotamian king was the Chaldean A-LU-LIM/Alorus, 10 sars. 2F [4]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Conclusion: In a court of law, it is lawfully required that two witnesses ratify a testimony, and that is what the Bible requires. However, It was brought to your attention not two or three but five reliable references.  It could also add to the tens of linguistic proofs mentioned above and other historical records that exist within the Mesopotamian literature. These well-documented and solid pieces of evidence were covered in detail in my published books since 1988 AD. Perhaps the most recent comprehensive book is The Untold Story of Native Iraqis, which was instituted on foundations of more than 600 academic references. This book is among the top resources concerning this subject.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For more information, visit www.nativeiraqis-story.com | www.ChaldeanLegacy.com&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>SunRise4ever</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=Who_Are_The_Diehard_Chaldeans%3F&amp;diff=4826</id>
		<title>Who Are The Diehard Chaldeans?</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=Who_Are_The_Diehard_Chaldeans%3F&amp;diff=4826"/>
				<updated>2021-04-29T22:45:48Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;SunRise4ever: Image&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;=== '''Chaldeans ... Over 7300 Years of Heritage &amp;amp; Civilization ~ Amer Hanna Fatuhi''' ===&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
                                                       [[File:Who Are The Diehard Chaldeans.jpg|300px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Who Are The Diehard Chaldeans?'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As evidenced by historical documents and antiquities, Chaldeans, Native Iraqis, are descendants of the Proto-Kaldi, who built three of the earliest cities in southern Mesopotamia around 5300 BC, Eridu, Ur, and Uruk (Kulabba) during the Pre-Diluvian Dynasties. &lt;br /&gt;
Similarly, as indicated by tangible/historical discoveries and Biblical data, the two major states in ancient Mesopotamia were Babylonia / Sumer &amp;amp; Akkad in the south and center of Mesopotamia and Assyria in the north. Local inhabitants of both States were descendants of the Proto-Kaldi /Proto-Euphratians (Semites). Sumerian is a term that refers to another Proto-Kaldi Mesopotamians, who shared the land peacefully with the rest of the proto-Kaldi. Yet, they had the privilege to lead in the cultural field between 2900 to 2600 BC as well as between 2112 to 2004 BC. Over time, the sophisticated Sumerian culture intermingled with the culture of the majority of the Chaldean people / Ethnic group. &lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
Although Chaldeans post-Christianity comes under three different designations, they represent one ethnicity. The national/ethnic name of Chaldeans/Kaldaie became commonly known after scholars used the Proto-Kaldi designation. &amp;quot;Eastern Syriacs&amp;quot; became the name of Chaldeans upon embracing Christianity in the First Century AD.  Syriac is derived from the word Suraya/Suryaya, which literally means Christian. However, Syriac is used because Christianity was brought into Mesopotamia by the disciple St. Thomas through Syria. &lt;br /&gt;
As for &amp;quot;Aṭuraie&amp;quot; it was derived from the word Aṭurra which denotes Mountain. The name Aṭuraie was adopted by a small percentage of the Christian Chaldeans of the mountains who have converted to Nestorianism in the 5th century AD.  This unfortunate group fled its homeland in the valley between the two rivers to the mountains of Turkey and Urmia following the Muslim invasion in the 7th century AD. Those people of the Mountain went through dramatic blending with the Indo-Europeans of Turkey and Iran. For political reasons, Aṭuraie abandoned their ancestors' ethnic name (Chaldean) late 19th century and officially adopted the 20th Century Assyrian Cult name in November 1976 in London, England, with strong encouragement from the British Anglican Church.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Chaldeans assert through Biblical references that they are descendants long list of ancient renowned Mesopotamians, including Father Abraham, who migrated from Ur of the Chaldeans to the promised- land (Gen. 12:1 &amp;amp; Gen. 15:7). &lt;br /&gt;
Furthermore, the most prominent line of kings and queens, i.e., Ga-Ur/Gura, before the great flood. After the great flood Meshalim and Sargon, the founder of the (first emperor in recorded history). Other amazing kings were Shamshi Adad I, Hammurabi, Mardukh-Apla-Iddin II / Merodach-Baladan, Napoalpauser, and Nebuchadnezzar II. Ku(g)-bau/Kubaba is the first known Queen in recorded history and Shummuramat/Semiramis, the Chaldean-born Queen of Assyria. She successfully Babylonized Assyria and endorsed Monotheism of worship by recognizing god Nabu (god of writing and knowledge) and son of the god of Babylon (Mardukh) as the only true god. &lt;br /&gt;
Our people ought to be proud of their forefathers, the founders of the most ancient and sophisticated civilization and the pioneers of human culture. For that reason, Mesopotamia is called the Land Of Firsts, and our Chaldean people the Timeless People.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Amer Fatuhi in a word'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Amer Hanna Fatuhi, Ph.D., is a scholar in Mesopotamian History and Iraqi Natives &amp;amp; Minorities. He is also a professional writer/poet and a visual artist. Fatuhi studied history, fine arts, and engineering. &lt;br /&gt;
He also designed the Chaldean National Flag &amp;amp; Emblem in 1985 and won the 1986-2008 international contests to design the Iraqi National Flag.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>SunRise4ever</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=Who_Are_The_Diehard_Chaldeans%3F&amp;diff=4825</id>
		<title>Who Are The Diehard Chaldeans?</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=Who_Are_The_Diehard_Chaldeans%3F&amp;diff=4825"/>
				<updated>2021-04-29T22:44:21Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;SunRise4ever: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;=== '''Chaldeans ... Over 7300 Years of Heritage &amp;amp; Civilization ~ Amer Hanna Fatuhi''' ===&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
=Images=&lt;br /&gt;
                                                       [[File:Who Are The Diehard Chaldeans.jpg|300px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Who Are The Diehard Chaldeans?'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As evidenced by historical documents and antiquities, Chaldeans, Native Iraqis, are descendants of the Proto-Kaldi, who built three of the earliest cities in southern Mesopotamia around 5300 BC, Eridu, Ur, and Uruk (Kulabba) during the Pre-Diluvian Dynasties. &lt;br /&gt;
Similarly, as indicated by tangible/historical discoveries and Biblical data, the two major states in ancient Mesopotamia were Babylonia / Sumer &amp;amp; Akkad in the south and center of Mesopotamia and Assyria in the north. Local inhabitants of both States were descendants of the Proto-Kaldi /Proto-Euphratians (Semites). Sumerian is a term that refers to another Proto-Kaldi Mesopotamians, who shared the land peacefully with the rest of the proto-Kaldi. Yet, they had the privilege to lead in the cultural field between 2900 to 2600 BC as well as between 2112 to 2004 BC. Over time, the sophisticated Sumerian culture intermingled with the culture of the majority of the Chaldean people / Ethnic group. &lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
Although Chaldeans post-Christianity comes under three different designations, they represent one ethnicity. The national/ethnic name of Chaldeans/Kaldaie became commonly known after scholars used the Proto-Kaldi designation. &amp;quot;Eastern Syriacs&amp;quot; became the name of Chaldeans upon embracing Christianity in the First Century AD.  Syriac is derived from the word Suraya/Suryaya, which literally means Christian. However, Syriac is used because Christianity was brought into Mesopotamia by the disciple St. Thomas through Syria. &lt;br /&gt;
As for &amp;quot;Aṭuraie&amp;quot; it was derived from the word Aṭurra which denotes Mountain. The name Aṭuraie was adopted by a small percentage of the Christian Chaldeans of the mountains who have converted to Nestorianism in the 5th century AD.  This unfortunate group fled its homeland in the valley between the two rivers to the mountains of Turkey and Urmia following the Muslim invasion in the 7th century AD. Those people of the Mountain went through dramatic blending with the Indo-Europeans of Turkey and Iran. For political reasons, Aṭuraie abandoned their ancestors' ethnic name (Chaldean) late 19th century and officially adopted the 20th Century Assyrian Cult name in November 1976 in London, England, with strong encouragement from the British Anglican Church.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Chaldeans assert through Biblical references that they are descendants long list of ancient renowned Mesopotamians, including Father Abraham, who migrated from Ur of the Chaldeans to the promised- land (Gen. 12:1 &amp;amp; Gen. 15:7). &lt;br /&gt;
Furthermore, the most prominent line of kings and queens, i.e., Ga-Ur/Gura, before the great flood. After the great flood Meshalim and Sargon, the founder of the (first emperor in recorded history). Other amazing kings were Shamshi Adad I, Hammurabi, Mardukh-Apla-Iddin II / Merodach-Baladan, Napoalpauser, and Nebuchadnezzar II. Ku(g)-bau/Kubaba is the first known Queen in recorded history and Shummuramat/Semiramis, the Chaldean-born Queen of Assyria. She successfully Babylonized Assyria and endorsed Monotheism of worship by recognizing god Nabu (god of writing and knowledge) and son of the god of Babylon (Mardukh) as the only true god. &lt;br /&gt;
Our people ought to be proud of their forefathers, the founders of the most ancient and sophisticated civilization and the pioneers of human culture. For that reason, Mesopotamia is called the Land Of Firsts, and our Chaldean people the Timeless People.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Amer Fatuhi in a word'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Amer Hanna Fatuhi, Ph.D., is a scholar in Mesopotamian History and Iraqi Natives &amp;amp; Minorities. He is also a professional writer/poet and a visual artist. Fatuhi studied history, fine arts, and engineering. &lt;br /&gt;
He also designed the Chaldean National Flag &amp;amp; Emblem in 1985 and won the 1986-2008 international contests to design the Iraqi National Flag.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>SunRise4ever</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=Who_Are_The_Diehard_Chaldeans%3F&amp;diff=4824</id>
		<title>Who Are The Diehard Chaldeans?</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=Who_Are_The_Diehard_Chaldeans%3F&amp;diff=4824"/>
				<updated>2021-04-29T22:43:13Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;SunRise4ever: Created page with &amp;quot;=== '''Chaldeans ... Over 7300 Years of Heritage &amp;amp; Civilization ~ Amer Hanna Fatuhi''' === &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; =Images=                                                 File:Who Are The D...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;=== '''Chaldeans ... Over 7300 Years of Heritage &amp;amp; Civilization ~ Amer Hanna Fatuhi''' ===&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
=Images=&lt;br /&gt;
                                                [[File:Who Are The Diehard Chaldeans.jpg|300px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Who Are The Diehard Chaldeans?'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As evidenced by historical documents and antiquities, Chaldeans, Native Iraqis, are descendants of the Proto-Kaldi, who built three of the earliest cities in southern Mesopotamia around 5300 BC, Eridu, Ur, and Uruk (Kulabba) during the Pre-Diluvian Dynasties. &lt;br /&gt;
Similarly, as indicated by tangible/historical discoveries and Biblical data, the two major states in ancient Mesopotamia were Babylonia / Sumer &amp;amp; Akkad in the south and center of Mesopotamia and Assyria in the north. Local inhabitants of both States were descendants of the Proto-Kaldi /Proto-Euphratians (Semites). Sumerian is a term that refers to another Proto-Kaldi Mesopotamians, who shared the land peacefully with the rest of the proto-Kaldi. Yet, they had the privilege to lead in the cultural field between 2900 to 2600 BC as well as between 2112 to 2004 BC. Over time, the sophisticated Sumerian culture intermingled with the culture of the majority of the Chaldean people / Ethnic group. &lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
Although Chaldeans post-Christianity comes under three different designations, they represent one ethnicity. The national/ethnic name of Chaldeans/Kaldaie became commonly known after scholars used the Proto-Kaldi designation. &amp;quot;Eastern Syriacs&amp;quot; became the name of Chaldeans upon embracing Christianity in the First Century AD.  Syriac is derived from the word Suraya/Suryaya, which literally means Christian. However, Syriac is used because Christianity was brought into Mesopotamia by the disciple St. Thomas through Syria. &lt;br /&gt;
As for &amp;quot;Aṭuraie&amp;quot; it was derived from the word Aṭurra which denotes Mountain. The name Aṭuraie was adopted by a small percentage of the Christian Chaldeans of the mountains who have converted to Nestorianism in the 5th century AD.  This unfortunate group fled its homeland in the valley between the two rivers to the mountains of Turkey and Urmia following the Muslim invasion in the 7th century AD. Those people of the Mountain went through dramatic blending with the Indo-Europeans of Turkey and Iran. For political reasons, Aṭuraie abandoned their ancestors' ethnic name (Chaldean) late 19th century and officially adopted the 20th Century Assyrian Cult name in November 1976 in London, England, with strong encouragement from the British Anglican Church.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Chaldeans assert through Biblical references that they are descendants long list of ancient renowned Mesopotamians, including Father Abraham, who migrated from Ur of the Chaldeans to the promised- land (Gen. 12:1 &amp;amp; Gen. 15:7). &lt;br /&gt;
Furthermore, the most prominent line of kings and queens, i.e., Ga-Ur/Gura, before the great flood. After the great flood Meshalim and Sargon, the founder of the (first emperor in recorded history). Other amazing kings were Shamshi Adad I, Hammurabi, Mardukh-Apla-Iddin II / Merodach-Baladan, Napoalpauser, and Nebuchadnezzar II. Ku(g)-bau/Kubaba is the first known Queen in recorded history and Shummuramat/Semiramis, the Chaldean-born Queen of Assyria. She successfully Babylonized Assyria and endorsed Monotheism of worship by recognizing god Nabu (god of writing and knowledge) and son of the god of Babylon (Mardukh) as the only true god. &lt;br /&gt;
Our people ought to be proud of their forefathers, the founders of the most ancient and sophisticated civilization and the pioneers of human culture. For that reason, Mesopotamia is called the Land Of Firsts, and our Chaldean people the Timeless People.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Amer Fatuhi in a word'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Amer Hanna Fatuhi, Ph.D., is a scholar in Mesopotamian History and Iraqi Natives &amp;amp; Minorities. He is also a professional writer/poet and a visual artist. Fatuhi studied history, fine arts, and engineering. &lt;br /&gt;
He also designed the Chaldean National Flag &amp;amp; Emblem in 1985 and won the 1986-2008 international contests to design the Iraqi National Flag.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>SunRise4ever</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
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		<author><name>SunRise4ever</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=The_true_people_identity_of_our_Church_of_East&amp;diff=4822</id>
		<title>The true people identity of our Church of East</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=The_true_people_identity_of_our_Church_of_East&amp;diff=4822"/>
				<updated>2021-03-27T19:13:15Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;SunRise4ever: format change&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''The true people identity of our Church of East'''&lt;br /&gt;
=Images=&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:CHURCH of the tEAST (Chaldean and Nestorian People).jpg|thumb|Catholics and Chaldean or Nestorian Patriarch diary|300px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
✝️ First Patriarch, Saint Thomas the Apostle&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
✝️ Established in Seleucia (near Babylon and Baghdad), Page LXXI&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
✝️ Publication: “Catholics and Chaldean or Nestorian Patriarch Diary Chronological History”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
✝️ Author: Lebanese Professor Giuseppe Luigi Assemani – 1775 AD&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
✝️ Professor Assemani was a historian and linguistic.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Reflecting the history of the #Chaldean #people and Chaldean #church leaders.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Latin: De catholicis seu patriarchis chaldaeorum et nestorianorum commentarius&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Google download:''' [https://books.google.com/books?id=_CQ-CWsHqTgC&amp;amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;amp;fbclid=IwAR3uKinNLhPHJ0RfQ6BEd8VSoPb-u6JgdtrSETPGkR2c4Ko4oQ92fMoGeNw#v=onepage&amp;amp;q&amp;amp;f=false Catholics and Chaldean or Nestorian Patriarch diary]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
CHALDEAN HERITAGE FOUNDATION&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>SunRise4ever</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=The_true_people_identity_of_our_Church_of_East&amp;diff=4821</id>
		<title>The true people identity of our Church of East</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=The_true_people_identity_of_our_Church_of_East&amp;diff=4821"/>
				<updated>2021-03-27T19:11:59Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;SunRise4ever: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''The true people identity of our Church of East'''&lt;br /&gt;
=Images=&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:CHURCH of the tEAST (Chaldean and Nestorian People).jpg|thumb|Catholics and Chaldean or Nestorian Patriarch diary|300px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
✝️ First Patriarch, Saint Thomas the Apostle&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
✝️ Established in Seleucia (near Babylon and Baghdad), Page LXXI&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
✝️ Publication: “Catholics and Chaldean or Nestorian Patriarch Diary Chronological History”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
✝️ Author: Lebanese Professor Giuseppe Luigi Assemani – 1775 AD&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
✝️ Professor Assemani was a historian and linguistic.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Reflecting the history of the #Chaldean #people and Chaldean #church leaders.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Latin: De catholicis seu patriarchis chaldaeorum et nestorianorum commentarius&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Google download:''' [https://books.google.com/books?id=_CQ-CWsHqTgC&amp;amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;amp;fbclid=IwAR3uKinNLhPHJ0RfQ6BEd8VSoPb-u6JgdtrSETPGkR2c4Ko4oQ92fMoGeNw#v=onepage&amp;amp;q&amp;amp;f=false Catholics and Chaldean or Nestorian Patriarch diary]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
CHALDEAN HERITAGE FOUNDATION&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>SunRise4ever</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=File:CHURCH_of_the_tEAST_(Chaldean_and_Nestorian_People).jpg&amp;diff=4820</id>
		<title>File:CHURCH of the tEAST (Chaldean and Nestorian People).jpg</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=File:CHURCH_of_the_tEAST_(Chaldean_and_Nestorian_People).jpg&amp;diff=4820"/>
				<updated>2021-03-27T19:08:12Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;SunRise4ever: User created page with UploadWizard&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;=={{int:filedesc}}==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Information&lt;br /&gt;
|description={{en|1=Catholics and Chaldean or Nestorian Patriarch diary}}&lt;br /&gt;
|date=2021-03-27 15:24:33&lt;br /&gt;
|source={{own}}&lt;br /&gt;
|author=[[User:SunRise4ever|SunRise4ever]]&lt;br /&gt;
|permission=&lt;br /&gt;
|other versions=&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Category:Uploaded with UploadWizard]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>SunRise4ever</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=The_true_people_identity_of_our_Church_of_East&amp;diff=4819</id>
		<title>The true people identity of our Church of East</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=The_true_people_identity_of_our_Church_of_East&amp;diff=4819"/>
				<updated>2021-03-27T19:06:57Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;SunRise4ever: Created page with &amp;quot;'''The true people identity of our Church of East'''   ✝️ First Patriarch, Saint Thomas the Apostle   ✝️ Established in Seleucia (near Babylon and Baghdad), Page LXXI...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''The true people identity of our Church of East'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
✝️ First Patriarch, Saint Thomas the Apostle&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
✝️ Established in Seleucia (near Babylon and Baghdad), Page LXXI&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
✝️ Publication: “Catholics and Chaldean or Nestorian Patriarch Diary Chronological History”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
✝️ Author: Lebanese Professor Giuseppe Luigi Assemani – 1775 AD&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
✝️ Professor Assemani was a historian and linguistic.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Reflecting the history of the #Chaldean #people and Chaldean #church leaders.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Latin: De catholicis seu patriarchis chaldaeorum et nestorianorum commentarius&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Google download:''' [https://books.google.com/books?id=_CQ-CWsHqTgC&amp;amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;amp;fbclid=IwAR3uKinNLhPHJ0RfQ6BEd8VSoPb-u6JgdtrSETPGkR2c4Ko4oQ92fMoGeNw#v=onepage&amp;amp;q&amp;amp;f=false Catholics and Chaldean or Nestorian Patriarch diary]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
CHALDEAN HERITAGE FOUNDATION&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>SunRise4ever</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=The_Untold_Story_of_Native_Iraqis&amp;diff=4818</id>
		<title>The Untold Story of Native Iraqis</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=The_Untold_Story_of_Native_Iraqis&amp;diff=4818"/>
				<updated>2021-03-27T17:23:45Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;SunRise4ever: added image.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Book Review&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''The Untold Story of Native Iraqis'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Images=&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:The Untold Story of Native Iraqis.png|thumb|Book image of The Untold Story of Native Iraqis|300px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Author: Amer Hanna-Fatuhi&lt;br /&gt;
Publisher: Xlibris Corporation&lt;br /&gt;
550 pages / May 2012&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The website: www.NativeIraqis-Story.com stated that this book is “A groundbreaking work that examines the true identity of the indigenous people of Iraq”. Hence, I deemed it appropriate that including three quotes from highly respected Iraqi scholars, who specialize in an array of disciplines, would shed more light on this academic study:&lt;br /&gt;
Dr. Abdulhadi al-Khalile Ph.D., Iraqi Cultural Attaché in Washington DC. stated in his letter of recognition:” I have found this study, deep, rich, and unique. I sincerely recommend the book to readers interested in Iraqi history and people”.&lt;br /&gt;
S. Mattar, scholar and author of many intriguing books on Iraq and the editor in chief of the academic journal (MESOPOTAMIA, Switzerland) stated: “The author tried hard, throughout his study, not to follow the traditional patterns of examining Iraq’s history, but to reach new frontiers by exploring and examining that ancient history through a panoramic view. Another well-known Iraqi historian, Dr. G. Mardu, Ph.D., stated that:” This telling and encyclopedic study covers the history of native Iraqis using very convincing historical, archeological and Biblical evidence.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Author, Hanna-Fatuhi, has published many history books, three of them published in Arabic between 1988 and 2001. They research the same subject of the current book. He is a notable scholar in Mesopotamian History and Middle Eastern indigenous peoples.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This book pinpoints the antiquity of Mesopotamia and its indigenous peoples, Chaldeans and Iraqi Jews. It surpasses the conventional perspective in tackling the chronological history of the die-hard Chaldean nation. It leads the reader into an unknown territory that no scholar has ventured to write about due to the vocal objections echoed by traditional scholars.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The fundamental argument of this book is linking the proto-kaldi, indigenous people of Iraq, with the modern day Chaldeans, while highlighting their outstanding achievements in every walk of life.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although, I was not that impressed with the section that over extended covering Iraqi Christians’ persecution throughout history, even though Chaldeans are Christians. However, I strongly believe that this book has adequately achieved its goal, especially with its exquisite maps, illustrations, historical documents. Its finely woven elements render it as a compelling documentary of Iraq’s long history. It vividly captures the struggles of the Chaldeans alongside the Iraqi Jews, Syriacs, and other Iraqi peoples as they move through time.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
More significantly, The Untold Story of Native Iraqis will make it feasible for the reader to review a civilization dating back to 100,000 year, a task no scholar has yet achieved. A knowledge that will ultimately bring forth a more profound awareness of today’s Iraq with all its social and political dynamics, not to mention the cultural atmosphere of the Middle East that was and still is influenced by the achievements of the cradle of civilization.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Untold Story of Native Iraqis is one highly recommended read!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Reviewed by Chaldean Detroit Times&lt;br /&gt;
Saturday, September 1, 2012 / Issue # 493 - Vol. 22&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Reference'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
https://www.biblio.com/the-untold-story-of-native-by-amer-hanna-fatuhi/work/3722532&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>SunRise4ever</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=File:CETA_Virtual_Event_-_April_9th.jpg&amp;diff=4816</id>
		<title>File:CETA Virtual Event - April 9th.jpg</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=File:CETA_Virtual_Event_-_April_9th.jpg&amp;diff=4816"/>
				<updated>2021-03-27T17:06:38Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;SunRise4ever: User created page with UploadWizard&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
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|date=2021-03-27 13:22:59&lt;br /&gt;
|source={{own}}&lt;br /&gt;
|author=[[User:SunRise4ever|SunRise4ever]]&lt;br /&gt;
|permission=&lt;br /&gt;
|other versions=&lt;br /&gt;
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{{self|cc-by-sa-4.0}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Uploaded with UploadWizard]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>SunRise4ever</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=File:The_Untold_Story_of_Native_Iraqis.png&amp;diff=4815</id>
		<title>File:The Untold Story of Native Iraqis.png</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=File:The_Untold_Story_of_Native_Iraqis.png&amp;diff=4815"/>
				<updated>2021-03-27T16:58:53Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;SunRise4ever: User created page with UploadWizard&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;=={{int:filedesc}}==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Information&lt;br /&gt;
|description={{en|1=Book image of The Untold Story of Native Iraqis}}&lt;br /&gt;
|date=2021-03-27 13:14:20&lt;br /&gt;
|source=http://amerfatuhiart.com/Amer-native/&lt;br /&gt;
|author=Amer Fatuhi&lt;br /&gt;
|permission=&lt;br /&gt;
|other versions=&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
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{{subst:uwl}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Uploaded with UploadWizard]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>SunRise4ever</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=Chaldeans_and_self-determination_between_the_past_and_the_present&amp;diff=4814</id>
		<title>Chaldeans and self-determination between the past and the present</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=Chaldeans_and_self-determination_between_the_past_and_the_present&amp;diff=4814"/>
				<updated>2021-03-27T16:13:09Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;SunRise4ever: Created page with &amp;quot;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;'''Chaldeans and self-determination between the past and the present'''&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;  Father Paul Sati of the Holy Redeemer  Everyone is eager to divide the Mosul cake and the N...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;'''Chaldeans and self-determination between the past and the present'''&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Father Paul Sati of the Holy Redeemer&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Everyone is eager to divide the Mosul cake and the Nineveh Plain, and liberation has not yet taken place. The Kurds announce that they will keep the liberated sites, and the central government also makes its contribution with caution and shame.&lt;br /&gt;
As for the Christians and their politicians, the conversation here takes another direction without shame and shame. The Assyrians want to revive ancient Assyria under the pretext that the Assyrian empire was established there. Although there is no historical evidence to prove that today's Assyrians are descendants of those who remained from the last Assyrians before 2600.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Now the Syriacs voices loudly naming the Syriac villages specifically in any media talk because they were separated from the rest of the villages, and they were the ones who entered the land between the two rivers, fleeing the persecution of the Christian Romans after the Council of Chalcedon in 451, and even the Syriac name that appeared after Alexander the Macedonian when the region west of the Euphrates was called Aram. It is a modern designation, not an old one.&lt;br /&gt;
And if we left the sectarian affiliation of the Syriac villages in the Nineveh Plain, i.e. Qaraqosh and Bartala, they are Chaldeans with distinction, as no dialect or culture ever separated us from them, since all the villages are linked by one linguistic fabric and they speak Chaldean and not Turanian, i.e. West Syriac.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Yes, we are Chaldeans. We have many indications that these regions belong to us:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Historically: We are able to prove before Christianity the existence of Chaldeans in the region from Assyrian evidence, through the obelisk of the last powerful Assyrian king, Sennacherib (701-681) BC, where he persisted in his predecessors' imperial policy of capturing all peoples who occupied before them and distributing them to other kingdoms thus until They wiped out their kingdom.&lt;br /&gt;
Sennacherib this without in a small obelisk preserved in the Oriental Institute in Chicago under the number A2793 in which he mentions his occupation of Babylon, its plunder and its destruction, and not only that, but he mentions that he destroyed 75 Chaldean cities with impregnable walls and besieged 420 small Chaldean cities. Then he exiled the Chaldeans, Arameans, Arabs and others, whose number reached 208,000 at that time, and settled them in Assyria.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
What is noteworthy here is that it differentiates between the Chaldeans, Arameans and Arabs!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Linguistically: the debate continues about the language and has not been resolved, but scientifically and historically, our language has Akkadian origin, which Aramaic entered into, and we still keep many words of Akkadian origins.&lt;br /&gt;
Today our language should be called “Aramaic” Chaldean and I categorically reject the Syriac term. The change of dialects between East and West among the Chaldeans and Syriacs is a matter that needs a deep study to determine the name and not content itself with naming an Eastern and Western Syriac language. So why are the letters different? Why do Maronites pray in Syriac “Western”, for example, while many of the famous regions in Lebanon still preserve their old name by raising the thousand and not the waw: Bainata, Chtoura and others.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Here, I ask the question, where do we, the Chaldeans, stay from Mosul and the Nineveh Plains, where we were the majority before ISIS and we are still?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Let's go back to history and see who contributed to the establishment of the modern Iraqi state and the saving of the Mosul Province, and here I mean the Mosul Province according to the Ottoman division, which used to include all of northern Iraq with its cities of Dohuk, Erbil, Sulaymaniyah and Kirkuk !, The Chaldeans have made an effective contribution to saving all of northern Iraq and Mosul (almost Current Kurdistan) Otherwise, it would have been swallowed up by Turkey and its Christians would have been displaced, after the First World War and until today.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
At that time, the Patriarch Mar Yosef Emmanuel II Touma (1900-1947) who was seated on the throne of Babylon, the Triangle of Mercy, was the Catholic Patriarch, who, along with the sons of his Chaldean nation, contributed to the establishment of the Iraqi kingdom and the preservation of the mandate of Mosul and all of northern Iraq from it. And in honor of these distinguished efforts, this Catholicos became a member of the Iraqi Senate, as well as his predecessors. Among his great positions was his stopping the Royal Iraqi Army from attacking Alqosh during the events of Sumail and ending the crisis with his intervention. These events need a topical and historical explanation to understand them in their proper context.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The positions of the Chaldeans are many, and in order to choose this particular position, I will first mention what His Beatitude the Catholic Patriarch Mar Louis Sako, who sits happy about the issue of Mosul and the Nineveh Plain, said that we must wait and wait until our sons and daughters return to their villages and homes and then work to rehabilitate them and rehabilitate themselves psychologically. Determines his fate. This is the word of reason and logic.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
But let me go back to the beginning of my article and my question:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Where do we, the Chaldeans, stay from Mosul and the Nineveh Plain, where we were in the majority before ISIS and we are still?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The central government did not help the displaced Christians and the Kurdistan Regional Government opened the doors, but without real financial aid. Western governments in Europe and the United States dispensed with the presence of Christians, so we see the immigration bleeding continuing.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Our strength is in building our Chaldean home first, and this is what we need at the present time. We are a nation with capabilities, but we do not take advantage of them because we are preoccupied with self-criticism. We build our house and raise our walls.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Chaldean League was established as a start to be the home of all Chaldeans and their tent to bind them together, hold them together and protect them.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Chaldean League is a source of inspiration for everyone who has real jealousy to work to uphold the status of his Chaldean nation, so come together, all of you, Chaldeans, the lions of Ishtar.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
They are our regions and we have lived in them since ancient times, and now strangers come and decide who to follow and to which region to join, and this we will never accept.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
God bless all and long live our Chaldean nation&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>SunRise4ever</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=The_Untold_Story_of_Native_Iraqis&amp;diff=4813</id>
		<title>The Untold Story of Native Iraqis</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=The_Untold_Story_of_Native_Iraqis&amp;diff=4813"/>
				<updated>2021-03-27T15:53:52Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;SunRise4ever: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Book Review&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''The Untold Story of Native Iraqis'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Author: Amer Hanna-Fatuhi&lt;br /&gt;
Publisher: Xlibris Corporation&lt;br /&gt;
550 pages / May 2012&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The website: www.NativeIraqis-Story.com stated that this book is “A groundbreaking work that examines the true identity of the indigenous people of Iraq”. Hence, I deemed it appropriate that including three quotes from highly respected Iraqi scholars, who specialize in an array of disciplines, would shed more light on this academic study:&lt;br /&gt;
Dr. Abdulhadi al-Khalile Ph.D., Iraqi Cultural Attaché in Washington DC. stated in his letter of recognition:” I have found this study, deep, rich, and unique. I sincerely recommend the book to readers interested in Iraqi history and people”.&lt;br /&gt;
S. Mattar, scholar and author of many intriguing books on Iraq and the editor in chief of the academic journal (MESOPOTAMIA, Switzerland) stated: “The author tried hard, throughout his study, not to follow the traditional patterns of examining Iraq’s history, but to reach new frontiers by exploring and examining that ancient history through a panoramic view. Another well-known Iraqi historian, Dr. G. Mardu, Ph.D., stated that:” This telling and encyclopedic study covers the history of native Iraqis using very convincing historical, archeological and Biblical evidence.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Author, Hanna-Fatuhi, has published many history books, three of them published in Arabic between 1988 and 2001. They research the same subject of the current book. He is a notable scholar in Mesopotamian History and Middle Eastern indigenous peoples.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This book pinpoints the antiquity of Mesopotamia and its indigenous peoples, Chaldeans and Iraqi Jews. It surpasses the conventional perspective in tackling the chronological history of the die-hard Chaldean nation. It leads the reader into an unknown territory that no scholar has ventured to write about due to the vocal objections echoed by traditional scholars.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The fundamental argument of this book is linking the proto-kaldi, indigenous people of Iraq, with the modern day Chaldeans, while highlighting their outstanding achievements in every walk of life.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although, I was not that impressed with the section that over extended covering Iraqi Christians’ persecution throughout history, even though Chaldeans are Christians. However, I strongly believe that this book has adequately achieved its goal, especially with its exquisite maps, illustrations, historical documents. Its finely woven elements render it as a compelling documentary of Iraq’s long history. It vividly captures the struggles of the Chaldeans alongside the Iraqi Jews, Syriacs, and other Iraqi peoples as they move through time.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
More significantly, The Untold Story of Native Iraqis will make it feasible for the reader to review a civilization dating back to 100,000 year, a task no scholar has yet achieved. A knowledge that will ultimately bring forth a more profound awareness of today’s Iraq with all its social and political dynamics, not to mention the cultural atmosphere of the Middle East that was and still is influenced by the achievements of the cradle of civilization.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Untold Story of Native Iraqis is one highly recommended read!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Reviewed by Chaldean Detroit Times&lt;br /&gt;
Saturday, September 1, 2012 / Issue # 493 - Vol. 22&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Reference'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
https://www.biblio.com/the-untold-story-of-native-by-amer-hanna-fatuhi/work/3722532&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>SunRise4ever</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=The_Untold_Story_of_Native_Iraqis&amp;diff=4812</id>
		<title>The Untold Story of Native Iraqis</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=The_Untold_Story_of_Native_Iraqis&amp;diff=4812"/>
				<updated>2021-03-27T15:50:14Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;SunRise4ever: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Book Review&lt;br /&gt;
The Untold Story of Native Iraqis&lt;br /&gt;
Author: Amer Hanna-Fatuhi&lt;br /&gt;
Publisher: Xlibris Corporation&lt;br /&gt;
550 pages / May 2012&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The website: www.NativeIraqis-Story.com stated that this book is “A groundbreaking work that examines the true identity of the indigenous people of Iraq”. Hence, I deemed it appropriate that including three quotes from highly respected Iraqi scholars, who specialize in an array of disciplines, would shed more light on this academic study:&lt;br /&gt;
Dr. Abdulhadi al-Khalile Ph.D., Iraqi Cultural Attaché in Washington DC. stated in his letter of recognition:” I have found this study, deep, rich, and unique. I sincerely recommend the book to readers interested in Iraqi history and people”.&lt;br /&gt;
S. Mattar, scholar and author of many intriguing books on Iraq and the editor in chief of the academic journal (MESOPOTAMIA, Switzerland) stated: “The author tried hard, throughout his study, not to follow the traditional patterns of examining Iraq’s history, but to reach new frontiers by exploring and examining that ancient history through a panoramic view. Another well-known Iraqi historian, Dr. G. Mardu, Ph.D., stated that:” This telling and encyclopedic study covers the history of native Iraqis using very convincing historical, archeological and Biblical evidence.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Author, Hanna-Fatuhi, has published many history books, three of them published in Arabic between 1988 and 2001. They research the same subject of the current book. He is a notable scholar in Mesopotamian History and Middle Eastern indigenous peoples.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This book pinpoints the antiquity of Mesopotamia and its indigenous peoples, Chaldeans and Iraqi Jews. It surpasses the conventional perspective in tackling the chronological history of the die-hard Chaldean nation. It leads the reader into an unknown territory that no scholar has ventured to write about due to the vocal objections echoed by traditional scholars.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The fundamental argument of this book is linking the proto-kaldi, indigenous people of Iraq, with the modern day Chaldeans, while highlighting their outstanding achievements in every walk of life.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although, I was not that impressed with the section that over extended covering Iraqi Christians’ persecution throughout history, even though Chaldeans are Christians. However, I strongly believe that this book has adequately achieved its goal, especially with its exquisite maps, illustrations, historical documents. Its finely woven elements render it as a compelling documentary of Iraq’s long history. It vividly captures the struggles of the Chaldeans alongside the Iraqi Jews, Syriacs, and other Iraqi peoples as they move through time.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
More significantly, The Untold Story of Native Iraqis will make it feasible for the reader to review a civilization dating back to 100,000 year, a task no scholar has yet achieved. A knowledge that will ultimately bring forth a more profound awareness of today’s Iraq with all its social and political dynamics, not to mention the cultural atmosphere of the Middle East that was and still is influenced by the achievements of the cradle of civilization.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Untold Story of Native Iraqis is one highly recommended read!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Reviewed by Chaldean Detroit Times&lt;br /&gt;
Saturday, September 1, 2012 / Issue # 493 - Vol. 22&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>SunRise4ever</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=The_Untold_Story_of_Native_Iraqis&amp;diff=4811</id>
		<title>The Untold Story of Native Iraqis</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=The_Untold_Story_of_Native_Iraqis&amp;diff=4811"/>
				<updated>2021-03-27T15:46:38Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;SunRise4ever: Created page with &amp;quot;Book Review &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://www.biblio.com/the-untold-story-of-native-by-amer-hanna-fatuhi/work/3722532&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;gallery&amp;gt;  &amp;lt;big&amp;gt;'''The Untold Story of Native Iraqis'''&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;  Autho...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Book Review&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://www.biblio.com/the-untold-story-of-native-by-amer-hanna-fatuhi/work/3722532&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;gallery&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;'''The Untold Story of Native Iraqis'''&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Author: Amer Hanna-Fatuhi&lt;br /&gt;
Publisher: Xlibris Corporation&lt;br /&gt;
550 pages / May 2012&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The website: www.NativeIraqis-Story.com stated that this book is “A groundbreaking work that examines the true identity of the indigenous people of Iraq”. Hence, I deemed it appropriate that including three quotes from highly respected Iraqi scholars, who specialize in an array of disciplines, would shed more light on this academic study:&lt;br /&gt;
Dr. Abdulhadi al-Khalile Ph.D., Iraqi Cultural Attaché in Washington DC. stated in his letter of recognition:” I have found this study, deep, rich, and unique. I sincerely recommend the book to readers interested in Iraqi history and people”.&lt;br /&gt;
S. Mattar, scholar and author of many intriguing books on Iraq and the editor in chief of the academic journal (MESOPOTAMIA, Switzerland) stated: “The author tried hard, throughout his study, not to follow the traditional patterns of examining Iraq’s history, but to reach new frontiers by exploring and examining that ancient history through a panoramic view. Another well-known Iraqi historian, Dr. G. Mardu, Ph.D., stated that:” This telling and encyclopedic study covers the history of native Iraqis using very convincing historical, archeological and Biblical evidence.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Author, Hanna-Fatuhi, has published many history books, three of them published in Arabic between 1988 and 2001. They research the same subject of the current book. He is a notable scholar in Mesopotamian History and Middle Eastern indigenous peoples.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This book pinpoints the antiquity of Mesopotamia and its indigenous peoples, Chaldeans and Iraqi Jews. It surpasses the conventional perspective in tackling the chronological history of the die-hard Chaldean nation. It leads the reader into an unknown territory that no scholar has ventured to write about due to the vocal objections echoed by traditional scholars.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The fundamental argument of this book is linking the proto-kaldi, indigenous people of Iraq, with the modern day Chaldeans, while highlighting their outstanding achievements in every walk of life.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although, I was not that impressed with the section that over extended covering Iraqi Christians’ persecution throughout history, even though Chaldeans are Christians. However, I strongly believe that this book has adequately achieved its goal, especially with its exquisite maps, illustrations, historical documents. Its finely woven elements render it as a compelling documentary of Iraq’s long history. It vividly captures the struggles of the Chaldeans alongside the Iraqi Jews, Syriacs, and other Iraqi peoples as they move through time.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
More significantly, The Untold Story of Native Iraqis will make it feasible for the reader to review a civilization dating back to 100,000 year, a task no scholar has yet achieved. A knowledge that will ultimately bring forth a more profound awareness of today’s Iraq with all its social and political dynamics, not to mention the cultural atmosphere of the Middle East that was and still is influenced by the achievements of the cradle of civilization.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Untold Story of Native Iraqis is one highly recommended read!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Reviewed by Chaldean Detroit Times&lt;br /&gt;
Saturday, September 1, 2012 / Issue # 493 - Vol. 22&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>SunRise4ever</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=Raphael_I_Bidawid&amp;diff=4794</id>
		<title>Raphael I Bidawid</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=Raphael_I_Bidawid&amp;diff=4794"/>
				<updated>2021-03-22T02:12:00Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;SunRise4ever: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox Patriarch&lt;br /&gt;
|image=Raphael I Bidawid.jpg&lt;br /&gt;
|name=Raphael I Bidawid&lt;br /&gt;
|birth_name= Raphael J. Bidawid&lt;br /&gt;
|church=[[Chaldean Catholic Church]]&lt;br /&gt;
|see=[[Chaldean Catholic Patriarchate of Babylon]]&lt;br /&gt;
|patriarch_of=[[Patriarch of Babylon of the Chaldeans]]&lt;br /&gt;
|residence=[[Iraq]]&lt;br /&gt;
|enthroned=May 21, 1989&lt;br /&gt;
|ended=July 7, 2003&lt;br /&gt;
|predecessor=[[Paul II Cheikho]]&lt;br /&gt;
|successor=[[Emmanuel III Delly]]&lt;br /&gt;
|birth_date=April 17, 1922&lt;br /&gt;
|birth_place=[[Mosul]], [[Iraq]]&lt;br /&gt;
|death_date={{BirthDeathAge||1922|4|17|2003|7|7}}&lt;br /&gt;
|death_place=[[Beirut]], [[Lebanon]]&lt;br /&gt;
|consecration=October 6, 1957&lt;br /&gt;
|ordination=October 22, 1944&lt;br /&gt;
|consecrated_by=[[Yousef VII Ghanima]]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
'''Mar Raphael I Bidawid''' † ({{lang-syr|ܪܘܦܐܝܠ ܩܕܡܝܐ ܒܝܬ ܕܘܝܕ}}, [[Arabic language|Arabic]] مار روفائيل الاول بيداويد)(April 17, 1922 – July 7, 2003) was the Patriarch of the [[Chaldean Catholic Church]] in 1989–2003. He was also a Syriac scholar.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Life ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He was born on April 17, 1922 in northern Iraqi city of [[Mosul]] into an ethnic [[Chaldean people|Chaldean]]&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Chaldean Mourn the Passing of Patriarch Raphael&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; family, and took his school and seminar training in Mosul. He was ordained a priest on October 22, 1944 in [[Rome]] and in 1946 he obtained the academic degrees of doctor of philosophy and [[theology]]. Between 1948 and 1956 he worked as a professor of philosophy and theology in Mosul. On October 6, 1957, at the age of 35, he was ordained Bishop of [[Amadiya]], by Patriarch [[Yousef VII Ghanima]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bbidawidr.html|title=Archbishop Raphaël I Bidawid|publisher=Catholic-Hierarchy.org|accessdate=2009-05-30}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; As bishop of [[Amadiya]] he experienced the mass exodus of Christians from Northern Iraq. Mar Raphael Bidawid was then appointed bishop of [[Beirut]] in 1966 and served in this capacity for 23 years.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On March 21, 1989 Raphael I Bidawid was elected [[List of Chaldean Catholic Patriarchs of Babylon|Patriarch of Babylon]], head of the Chaldean Catholic Church. His election was confirmed by [[Pope John Paul II]] in June 1989. During his Patriarchate, Patriarch Bidawid, in agreement with the Chaldean Synod, established The Pontifical Babel College for Philosophy and Theology in 1991. The Babel College is situated in Baghdad, Dora, El-Mekaniek, next to St. Peter Chaldean Seminary. The Babel College became an instrumental educational institution for the Chaldean Church. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Chaldean Patriarchate of Babylon Pontifical Babel College For Philosophy and Theology http://www.kaldu.org/1_chandean_church/babel_college.htm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://syrcom.cua.edu/Hugoye/Vol7No1/HV7N1OBBidawid.html|title=Mar Raphael Bidawid (1922-2003)|publisher=Hugoye: Journal of Syriac Studies |first=George A.|last= Kiraz| authorlink=George Kiraz|accessdate=2009-05-30}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Patriarch Bidawid could speak 13 languages. He died in Beirut, Lebanon on July 7, 2003, at the age of 81.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Pastoral Work ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Patriarch Bidawid was known as a champion of the unification of the Church of the East (formerly the Church of the East) and the Chaldean Catholic Church, which split in 1552 AD. In November 1996 Mar Dinkha IV of the Assyrian Church of the East and Chaldean Patriarch Raphael I Bidawid met in Southfield, Michigan, and signed a Joint Patriarchal Statement that committed their two churches to working towards reintegration and pledged cooperation on pastoral questions such as the drafting of a common catechism, the setting up of a common seminary in the Chicago-Detroit area, the preservation of the Aramaic language, and other common pastoral programs between parishes and dioceses around the world.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In an interview with Bidawid, published in 2003, he commented on the [[Assyrian name dispute]] and declared his ethnic point of view:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{s-start}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{s-bef|before=[[Paul II Cheikho]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;(1958–1989)}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of Chaldean Catholic Patriarchs of Babylon|Patriarch of Babylon &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;of the Chaldean Catholic Church]]|years=1989–2003}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{s-aft|after=[[Emmanuel III Delly]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; (2003–2012)}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{end}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Bibliography ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Raphael J. Bidawid, ''Les lettres du patriarche nestorien [[Mar Timothee I|Timothee I]]'', ''Studi e Testi'' 187, Vatican City (1956)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== External links ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.aina.org/releases/marraphael.html Assyrians Mourn the Passing of Patriarch Raphael]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/baby0.htm GCatholic.org Website]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Notes ==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist|2}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Authority control}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Persondata&lt;br /&gt;
| NAME              = Bidawid, Raphael I&lt;br /&gt;
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Bidawid, Raphael J.&lt;br /&gt;
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Patriarch of the Chaldean Catholic Church&lt;br /&gt;
| DATE OF BIRTH     = April 17, 1922&lt;br /&gt;
| PLACE OF BIRTH    = [[Mosul]]&lt;br /&gt;
| DATE OF DEATH     = July 7, 2003&lt;br /&gt;
| PLACE OF DEATH    = [[Beirut]]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bidawid, Raphael I}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Assyrian people]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Iraqi archbishops]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Eastern Catholic bishops]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Participants in the Second Vatican Council]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:1922 births]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:2003 deaths]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:People from Mosul]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Chaldean Catholic Patriarchs of Babylon]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Iraqi Eastern Catholics]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
123456&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>SunRise4ever</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=Barwari&amp;diff=3967</id>
		<title>Barwari</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=Barwari&amp;diff=3967"/>
				<updated>2015-08-07T15:23:48Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;SunRise4ever: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Dohuk map.svg|right|thumb|240px|Barwar is located in [[Northern Iraq]].]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''Barwar''' ({{lang-syr|ܒܪܘܪ}}) also known as '''Barwari''' and '''Barwari Bala''', is a region situated in northern [[Dohuk Governorate]] in [[Iraq]]. The region is populated by [[Kurds]] and [[Chaldeans]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==History==&lt;br /&gt;
The mountainous region was part of the [[Adiabene (East Syrian Ecclesiastical Province)#The diocese of Beth Nuhadra|diocese of Beth Nuhadra]] (current day [[Dohuk, Iraq|Dohuk]]) since antiquities and have seen a mass migration of Nestorians after the [[Siege of Baghdad (1258)|fall of Baghdad]] in 1258 and [[Timurlane]]'s invasion from central Iraq.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://books.google.com/books?id=zHxsWspxGIIC&amp;amp;pg=PA318 Islamic desk reference], E. J. van Donzel&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Its Christian inhabitants were little affected by the Ottoman conquests, however starting from the 19th century [[Kurdish people|Kurdish]] [[Emir]]s sought to expand their territories at their expense. In the 1830s Muhammad Rawanduzi, the Emir of [[Soran Emirate|Soran]], tried to forcibly add the region to his dominion pillaging many Chaldean villages. [[Bedr Khan Beg]] of [[Bohtan]] renewed attacks on the region in the 1840s, killing tens of thousands of Chaldeans in Barwari and [[Hakkari]] before being ultimately defeated by the [[Ottomans]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://books.google.com/books?id=dgDi9qFT41oC&amp;amp;pg=PA47 A modern history of the Kurds], David McDowall&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Many Chaldeans who survived later suffered in the [[Chaldean Genocide]] by the Ottoman Army and their Kurdish allies during the [[First World War]]; others took refuge in [[Urmia]] led by their patriarch, [[Mar Shimun XXI Benyamin]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{citation|last1=Gaunt|first1=David|last2= Beṯ-Şawoce|first2=Jan|title=Massacres, resistance, protectors: Muslim-Christian relations in Eastern Anatolia during World War I|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=4mug9LrpLKcC&amp;amp;pg=PA32|year=2006|page=32|publisher=Gorgias Press LLC|isbn=978-1-59333-301-0}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Later attempts for their resettlement in Barwar were largely unsuccessful.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{citation|last1=Stafford|first1=Ronald Sempill|title=The Tragedy of the Chaldeans|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=LSzuzsRh37gC&amp;amp;pg=PA32|year=2006|page=41|publisher=Gorgias Press LLC|isbn=978-1-59333-413-0}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
All of the Barwari Jews left for [[Israel]] shortly after its independence. The region was heavily affected by the Kurdish uprisings during the 1950s and 60s and was largely depopulated during the [[Anfal campaign]] in the 1980s.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Villages==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===List of Settlements===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Binavi&lt;br /&gt;
* Annoneh (Kani Mase)&lt;br /&gt;
* Trwanish&lt;br /&gt;
* Bishmeeyayeh&lt;br /&gt;
* Dooreh&lt;br /&gt;
* Derishke&lt;br /&gt;
* Eyit&lt;br /&gt;
* Tashish&lt;br /&gt;
* Maye&lt;br /&gt;
* Jaqla&lt;br /&gt;
* Sardashte&lt;br /&gt;
* Halwa&lt;br /&gt;
* Markajeya&lt;br /&gt;
* Baz&lt;br /&gt;
* Miska&lt;br /&gt;
* Enishke&lt;br /&gt;
* Totha Shmiaee&lt;br /&gt;
* Khwara&lt;br /&gt;
* Malkhtha&lt;br /&gt;
* Jededee&lt;br /&gt;
* Beqolke&lt;br /&gt;
* Jalik&lt;br /&gt;
* Eqri&lt;br /&gt;
* Hayis&lt;br /&gt;
* Bar Tanura (depopulated)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Nahla plains]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Tur Abdin]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Alqosh]], [[Tel Keppe]] and [[Batnaya]] - Chaldean tribes also in Northern Iraq&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Tyari]], [[Jilu]], [[Gawar]] [[Nochiya tribe|Nochiya]] - Chaldean tribes to the north, in [[Hakkari province]], [[Turkey]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{coord|37.1|N|43.1|E|dim:30km_region:IQ-DA_source:GNS-enwiki|display=title|name=Barwar}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Chaldean settlements]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>SunRise4ever</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=Tel_Keppe&amp;diff=3966</id>
		<title>Tel Keppe</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=Tel_Keppe&amp;diff=3966"/>
				<updated>2015-08-07T15:21:08Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;SunRise4ever: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox settlement&lt;br /&gt;
|official_name          = Tel Keppe&lt;br /&gt;
|native_name            = ܬܠ ܟܐܦܐ&lt;br /&gt;
|nickname               =&lt;br /&gt;
|motto                  =&lt;br /&gt;
|image_skyline          =&lt;br /&gt;
|imagesize              =&lt;br /&gt;
|image_caption          =&lt;br /&gt;
|image_flag             =&lt;br /&gt;
|image_seal             =&lt;br /&gt;
|image_shield           =&lt;br /&gt;
|image_map              =&lt;br /&gt;
|mapsize                =&lt;br /&gt;
|map_caption            =&lt;br /&gt;
|pushpin_map            = Iraq&lt;br /&gt;
|pushpin_label_position =&lt;br /&gt;
|coordinates_display    = inline,title&lt;br /&gt;
|coordinates_region     = IQ-NI&lt;br /&gt;
|subdivision_type       = [[Countries of the world|Country]]&lt;br /&gt;
|subdivision_name       = [[Iraq]]&lt;br /&gt;
|subdivision_type1      = Governorate&lt;br /&gt;
|subdivision_name1      = [[Ninawa Governorate|Ninawa]]&lt;br /&gt;
|subdivision_type2      = Municipality&lt;br /&gt;
|subdivision_name2      = Tel Kaif&lt;br /&gt;
|government_type        =&lt;br /&gt;
|leader_title           = Mayor&lt;br /&gt;
|leader_name            = [[Basim Ballu]]&lt;br /&gt;
|leader_title1          =&lt;br /&gt;
|leader_name1           =&lt;br /&gt;
|leader_title2          =&lt;br /&gt;
|leader_name2           =&lt;br /&gt;
|leader_title3          =&lt;br /&gt;
|leader_name3           =&lt;br /&gt;
|established_title      =&lt;br /&gt;
|established_date       =&lt;br /&gt;
|established_title2     =&lt;br /&gt;
|established_date2      =&lt;br /&gt;
|established_title3     =&lt;br /&gt;
|established_date3      =&lt;br /&gt;
|area_footnotes         =&lt;br /&gt;
|area_magnitude         =&lt;br /&gt;
|area_total             =&lt;br /&gt;
|TotalArea_sq_mi        =&lt;br /&gt;
|area_land              =&lt;br /&gt;
|LandArea_sq_mi         =&lt;br /&gt;
|area_water             =&lt;br /&gt;
|WaterArea_sq_mi        =&lt;br /&gt;
|area_water_percent     =&lt;br /&gt;
|area_urban             =&lt;br /&gt;
|UrbanArea_sq_mi        =&lt;br /&gt;
|area_metro             =&lt;br /&gt;
|MetroArea_sq_mi        =&lt;br /&gt;
|population_as_of       = 2010&lt;br /&gt;
|population_footnotes   =  &lt;br /&gt;
|population_note        = Tel Kepe received a large influx of Chaldean refugees following the [[2003 Iraq War]]&lt;br /&gt;
|population_total       = 40,000&lt;br /&gt;
|population_density     = &amp;lt;!--Note: use population_footnotes for refs, use only unformatted numbers here --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|population_density_mi2 = &amp;lt;!--Note: use population_footnotes for refs, use only unformatted numbers here --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|population_metro       = &amp;lt;!--Note: use population_footnotes for refs, use only unformatted numbers here --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|population_density_metro_km2 =&lt;br /&gt;
|population_density_metro_mi2 =&lt;br /&gt;
|population_urban       =&lt;br /&gt;
|timezone               =&lt;br /&gt;
|utc_offset             =&lt;br /&gt;
|timezone_DST           =&lt;br /&gt;
|utc_offset_DST         =&lt;br /&gt;
|latd                   = 36&lt;br /&gt;
|latm                   = 29&lt;br /&gt;
|lats                   = 22&lt;br /&gt;
|latNS                  = N&lt;br /&gt;
|longd                  = 43&lt;br /&gt;
|longm                  = 7&lt;br /&gt;
|longs                  = 9&lt;br /&gt;
|longEW                 = E&lt;br /&gt;
|elevation_footnotes =&lt;br /&gt;
|elevation              =&lt;br /&gt;
|elevation_ft           =&lt;br /&gt;
|postal_code_type       =&lt;br /&gt;
|postal_code            =&lt;br /&gt;
|website                =&lt;br /&gt;
|footnotes              =&lt;br /&gt;
|twin1      =&lt;br /&gt;
|twin1_country =&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Tel Keppe''' (also spelled '''Tel Keipeh''') ({{lang-syc|ܬܠ ܟܐܦܐ}} ''{{transl|syr|Tal Kepe}}'', {{lang-ar|تل كيف}} ''{{transl|syr|Tal Kaif}}''), is one of the largest historically Chaldean towns in northern [[Iraq]]. Its name means &amp;quot;Hill of Stones&amp;quot; in [[Syriac]]. It is located in the [[Ninawa Governorate]], less than 8 miles north east of [[Mosul]]. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Welcome to Tel Keppe at ChaldeansOnline http://www.chaldeansonline.org/telkeppe/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==History==&lt;br /&gt;
Historically the population Tel Kepper stayed at about 12,000 residents. From 1976 to 2001, the population was 30,000.&amp;lt;ref name=SmithNJp61&amp;gt;Smith, Natalie Jill. &amp;quot;Ethnicity, Reciprocity, Reputation and Punishment: An Ethnoexperimental Study of Cooperation among the Chaldeans of Detroit (Michigan)&amp;quot; (PhD dissertation). [[University of California, Los Angeles]], 2001. p. 61. UMI Number: 3024065.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On 6 August 2014, the town was taken over by the [[Terrorist Islamic State of Iraq and Syria]] (ISIS), along with nearby Chaldean towns [[Bakhdida]], [[Bartella]] and [[Karamlish|Karemlash]].&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;online.wsj.com&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[http://online.wsj.com/articles/iraqi-militants-seize-christian-villages-1407404503 Barack Obama Approves Airstrikes on Iraq, Airdrops Aid]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; {{As of|2015|March|8}}, it is inhabited only by Arabs and terrorist ISIS militants.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Tel Keppnias Today==&lt;br /&gt;
Starting in the 1980s and especially after the [[1991 Gulf War]] and [[2003 Invasion of Iraq]], many Chaldeans from Tel Keppe fled to many countries, but primarily the [[United States]]. They set up their lives there with new churches and business for their families. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Welcome to Tel Keppe at ChaldeansOnline http://www.chaldeansonline.org/telkeppe/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; By 2001 many from Tel Keppe had moved to major cities in Iraq such as [[Baghdad]] or [[Mosul]].&amp;lt;ref name=SmithNJp62&amp;gt;Smith, Natalie Jill. &amp;quot;Ethnicity, Reciprocity, Reputation and Punishment: An Ethnoexperimental Study of Cooperation among the Chaldeans and Hmong of Detroit (Michigan)&amp;quot; (PhD dissertation). [[University of California, Los Angeles]], 2001. p. 62. UMI Number: 3024065.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===In The United States===&lt;br /&gt;
As of 2004 many of the Chaldeans in [[Metro Detroit]] trace their origins to Tel Keppe. According to the estimates of a priest of Tel Keppe's Sacred Heart Chaldean Rite Catholic Church, there were 10,000 worshipers in the late 1950s and this decreased to 2,000 around 2004. He said that &amp;quot;Many people don’t want to go from here; they cry that they have to go…  But you almost have to leave these days because your family probably already is in [[Detroit]].&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref name=ACMEp2&amp;gt;&amp;quot;[http://www.cus.wayne.edu/content/publications/Arab_Factsheet1.pdf Arab, Chaldean, and Middle Eastern Children and Families in the Tri-County Area].&amp;quot; ([http://www.webcitation.org/6KzXnh0Ci Archive]) ''From a Child's Perspective: Detroit Metropolitan Census 2000 Fact Sheets Series''. [[Wayne State University]]. Volume 4, Issue 2, February 2004. p. 2/32. Retrieved on November 8, 2013. {{deadlink|date=March 2015}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Elsewhere===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Tel Keppnias also fled to the neighboring countries of [[Syria]] and [[Iran]]. Many others also left to other countries including [[Sweden]],  [[France]], other [[Europe|European Countries]] and [[Australia]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Culture==&lt;br /&gt;
Tel Keppe historically was the center of the Chaldean Catholic community of Iraq. Each family residing in Tel Keppe had one or more plots of farming land located outside of Tel Keppe. The land produced barley and wheat, and animals raised there included goats and sheep. Natalie Jill Smith, author of &amp;quot;Ethnicity, Reciprocity, Reputation and Punishment: An Ethnoexperimental Study of Cooperation among the Chaldeans and Hmong of Detroit (Michigan)&amp;quot;, wrote that in the reports of the village &amp;quot;everyone was related&amp;quot; and that marriage tended to occur between two people from the same village.&amp;lt;ref name=SmithNJp61/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Famous Tel Keppnias==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are and have been many famous Tel Keppnias in the United States, within Iraq, and elsewhere.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Deceased===&lt;br /&gt;
* Shamoun &amp;quot;Sam&amp;quot; G. Dabish - Author of The History of the Iraqi Community in America, church deacon, and community leader. &lt;br /&gt;
* Chaldean Patriarch Joseph II Marouf&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[[Joseph II (Chaldean Patriarch)]]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; (1667–1713).&lt;br /&gt;
* Author and explorer, Mary Terez Asmar, born in 1806. Published her memoir &amp;quot;Babylonian Princess&amp;quot; in English in 1844.&lt;br /&gt;
* Poet Toma Taqteq, died in 1860.&lt;br /&gt;
* Fr. Shemoel Jamil (1847–1917), who was in charge of all Chaldean monasteries.&lt;br /&gt;
* Journalist Maryam Narmy, born in 1890. Published the first Iraqi women's issues newspaper, &amp;quot;Arabian Woman&amp;quot; in 1937.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
* Joseph Hirmis Jammo, author of &amp;quot;Nineveh's Ruins or History of Tal Kayf&amp;quot; published in 1937.&lt;br /&gt;
* Journalist Alexander Marouf.&lt;br /&gt;
* Rofael Babu Ishaq, born in 1893 and author of &amp;quot;History of Iraqi Christians&amp;quot;. Died in 1964.&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Emmanuel III Delly|Mar Emannuel III Delly]]: Patriarch of Babylon of the Chaldeans. (1927-2014)&lt;br /&gt;
* Michael J. George,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.freep.com/article/20140624/NEWS05/306240154/Michael-George-Chaldean-Melody-Farms-obituary&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; (1933-2014&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.theoaklandpress.com/obituaries/20140624/chaldean-community-mourns-death-of-patriarch-melody-farms-owner-michael-george&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;) a patriarch of metro Detroit’s large Chaldean community and a founder of Melody Farms Dairy, once one of the largest dairies in Michigan&lt;br /&gt;
* Issa Hanna Dabish&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.zoominfo.com/p/Issa-Dabish/1467225644&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; (1919-2006&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;https://m.facebook.com/profile.php?v=info&amp;amp;expand=1&amp;amp;nearby&amp;amp;id=119855844766093&amp;amp;refid=17&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;) Pioneer Iraqi artist (painter) Lifetime Honorary Chairman, Iraqi Artists Association.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Living===&lt;br /&gt;
* Mar Gabrial Kassab: Bishop of the Diocese of Australia and New Zealand for the Chaldean Catholic Church.&lt;br /&gt;
* Mar [[Ramzi Garmou|Ramzi Garmo]]: Archbishop of Tehran - Iran for the Chaldean Chaldean Church.&lt;br /&gt;
* Mar [[Ibrahim Namo Ibrahim]]: Bishop Emeritus of the Chaldean Catholic Church for the Eastern United States.&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Mar Sarhad Yawsip Jammo]]: Bishop of the Chaldean Catholic Church for Western United States.&lt;br /&gt;
* Mar Thomas Meram: Archbishop of Urmya and Salmas - Iran for the Chaldean Catholic Church.&lt;br /&gt;
* Mar [[Francis Y. Kalabat]] Bishop of the Chaldean Church for the Eastern United States.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Nineveh plains]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Alqosh]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Bakhdida]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Batnaya]] and [[Barwari]] - Chaldean tribes also in Northern Iraq&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Nineveh Plains}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Districts of Iraq}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Chaldean settlements]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Populated places in Nineveh Governorate]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:District capitals of Iraq]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>SunRise4ever</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=List_of_Chaldean_settlements&amp;diff=3964</id>
		<title>List of Chaldean settlements</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=List_of_Chaldean_settlements&amp;diff=3964"/>
				<updated>2015-08-07T15:17:54Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;SunRise4ever: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Chaldean Towns of Mesopotamia.jpg|thumb|210px|Chaldean Towns of Mesopotamia Iraq and Southern Turkey.  Chaldeans are the native people of Mesopotamia]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Chaldean culture}}&lt;br /&gt;
The following is a '''list of current [[Chaldean people|Chaldean]] and towns and villages'''. A substantial number of Chaldeans in the Middle East live in cities and not rural areas because of events during the 20th century (see [[Chaldean genocide]].) These cities include [[Arbil]], [[Duhok, Iraq|Dohuk]], [[Mosul]], [[Baghdad]], [[Kirkuk]], [[Basra]], [[Tehran]], [[Urmia]], [[Aleppo]], [[Damascus]], [[Homs]] and [[Istanbul]].  Inhabitants of these villages and towns are Chaldean people who speak Chaldean Neo-Aramaic and follow primarily the [[Church of the East]], [[Chaldean Catholic Church]], [[Syriac Orthodox Church]], [[Syriac Catholic Church]] and [[Ancient Church of the East]]. Most are in northern [[Iraq]], northwestern [[Iran]], southeastern [[Turkey]] and northeastern [[Syria]], a region in and around the traditional and historic Chaldean homeland &amp;lt;Ref&amp;gt; Chaldea is the Native Chaldean Homeland&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Currently, there are a number of villages in northern Iraq that are emptied. This is mostly due to the [[Al-Anfal Campaign]] of the 1980s.&amp;lt;Ref&amp;gt; Native Chaldeans of Mesopotamia&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/security/2014/04/syria-Chaldeans-threat-crisis.html|title=Syria’s Chaldeans threatened by extremists – Al-Monitor: the Pulse of the Middle East|work=Al-Monitor|accessdate=18 February 2015}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Iraq==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:IraqArbil.png|thumb|right|Map showing Arbil governorate in Iraq]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:IraqBaghdad.png|thumb|right|Map showing Baghdad governorate in Iraq]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:IraqDahuk.png|thumb|right|Map showing Dahuk province in Iraq]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:IraqNinawa.png|thumb|200px|Ninawa Province]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===[[Arbil Governorate|Arbil Province]]===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! Settlement &lt;br /&gt;
! [[Chaldean Neo-Aramaic|Aramaic]]&lt;br /&gt;
! Note(s)&lt;br /&gt;
|-Nineveh is another city!&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Ankawa]] &lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;big&amp;gt;ܥܢܟܒܐ&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Armota]]&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;big&amp;gt;ܐܪܡܘܬܐ&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Batas &lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;big&amp;gt;ܒܬܣ&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Darbandokeh]] &lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;big&amp;gt;ܕܪܒܢܕܘܟ&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Diyana]] &lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;big&amp;gt;ܕܝܢܐ&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Harir]]&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;big&amp;gt;ܗܪܝܪ&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Hawdiyan&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Hinari&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Rowanduz]]&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;big&amp;gt;ܪܘܢܕܣ&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Seerishmi&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;big&amp;gt;ܣܝܪܫܡܝ&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Shaqlawa]]&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;big&amp;gt;ܫܩܠܒܐ&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Qalata&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;lt;big&amp;gt;ܩܠܬܐ&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{{div col|3}}&lt;br /&gt;
===[[Baghdad Governorate|Baghdad Province]]===&lt;br /&gt;
* Dora&lt;br /&gt;
===[[Dohuk Governorate|Dohuk Province]]===&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Araden]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Sarsink&lt;br /&gt;
* Enishk&lt;br /&gt;
* Badaresh&lt;br /&gt;
====[[Dohuk District]]====&lt;br /&gt;
* Babelo&lt;br /&gt;
* Bagerat&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Duhok, Iraq|Dohuk]] / [[Nohadra]] &amp;lt;big&amp;gt;ܢܘܗܕܪܐ&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* Gondekosa&lt;br /&gt;
* Korygavana&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Nahla, Iraq]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===[[Ninawa|Ninawa Province]]===&lt;br /&gt;
{| align=right&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Ain Sifni]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Alqosh]] &amp;lt;big&amp;gt;ܐܠܩܘܫ&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Bakhdida]] &amp;lt;big&amp;gt;ܒܟܕܝܕܐ&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Balawat]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Baqofah]] &amp;lt;big&amp;gt;ܒܬܢܝܐ&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Bartella]] &amp;lt;big&amp;gt;ܒܪܬܠܐ&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Batnaya]] &amp;lt;big&amp;gt;ܒܬܢܝܐ&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Dashqotan]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Karamlish]] &amp;lt;big&amp;gt;ܟܪܡܠܝܣ&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Khorsabad]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Sharafiya]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Tel Keppe|Tel Keppe]] &amp;lt;big&amp;gt;ܬܠ ܟܐܦܐ&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Tel Skuf|Tel Esqof]] &amp;lt;big&amp;gt;ܬܠ ܝܣܩܘܦܐ&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{div col end}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{div col|3}}&lt;br /&gt;
====[[Semel District]]====&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Avzrog|Upper Avzrog]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Bajed Berav&lt;br /&gt;
* Bajed Kindal&lt;br /&gt;
* Bakhitma&lt;br /&gt;
* Bakhloja&lt;br /&gt;
* Jambor&lt;br /&gt;
* Semele&lt;br /&gt;
* Sheze&lt;br /&gt;
* Shkafte&lt;br /&gt;
* Surka&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Emptied villages'''&lt;br /&gt;
* Badaliya&lt;br /&gt;
* Der Jondi&lt;br /&gt;
* Hejirke&lt;br /&gt;
* Mar Yako&lt;br /&gt;
* Mawana&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====[[Zakho District]]====&lt;br /&gt;
* Berseve&lt;br /&gt;
* Dashtatakh&lt;br /&gt;
* Der Abon&lt;br /&gt;
* Levo&lt;br /&gt;
* Marga&lt;br /&gt;
* Margasor&lt;br /&gt;
* Navkandala&lt;br /&gt;
* Piraka&lt;br /&gt;
* Pish Khabour&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Zakho]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Emptied villages'''&lt;br /&gt;
* Alanesh&lt;br /&gt;
* Bahnona&lt;br /&gt;
* Benekhre&lt;br /&gt;
* Bhere&lt;br /&gt;
* Der Hozan&lt;br /&gt;
* Derashish&lt;br /&gt;
* Istablan&lt;br /&gt;
* Malla Arap&lt;br /&gt;
* Margashish&lt;br /&gt;
* Qarawla&lt;br /&gt;
* Sanat&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Sharanesh]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Shwadan&lt;br /&gt;
* Steblan&lt;br /&gt;
* Umra&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====[[Amadiya District]]====&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Amadiya]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Ashawa&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Badarash]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Barwari]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Baz&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Bebadi]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Bebalok&lt;br /&gt;
* Belijane&lt;br /&gt;
* Belmand&lt;br /&gt;
* Benatha&lt;br /&gt;
* Beth Shmayaye&lt;br /&gt;
* Botara&lt;br /&gt;
* Chalek&lt;br /&gt;
* Chem Rabatke&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Dawodiya]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Dehi, Iraq|Dehi]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Dere&lt;br /&gt;
*dergny &lt;br /&gt;
* Derishke&lt;br /&gt;
* Dore&lt;br /&gt;
* Eqri&lt;br /&gt;
* Eyat&lt;br /&gt;
* Halwa&lt;br /&gt;
* Hamziya&lt;br /&gt;
* Hayes&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Hezany]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Jadide&lt;br /&gt;
* Jole&lt;br /&gt;
* Kani Balavi&lt;br /&gt;
* Khalilane&lt;br /&gt;
* Khwara&lt;br /&gt;
* Komany&lt;br /&gt;
* Magrebiya&lt;br /&gt;
* Malakhta&lt;br /&gt;
* Margajiya&lt;br /&gt;
* Maye&lt;br /&gt;
* Meristek&lt;br /&gt;
* Meroge&lt;br /&gt;
* Meze&lt;br /&gt;
* Mosaka&lt;br /&gt;
* Sardarawa&lt;br /&gt;
* Sardashte&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Sarsing]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Sikrine&lt;br /&gt;
* Tashish&lt;br /&gt;
* Tin&lt;br /&gt;
* To the Shemaye&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Emptied villages'''&lt;br /&gt;
* Argen&lt;br /&gt;
* Atosh&lt;br /&gt;
* Barzanke&lt;br /&gt;
* Bashu&lt;br /&gt;
* Beqolke&lt;br /&gt;
* Bobawa&lt;br /&gt;
* Cham Eshrat&lt;br /&gt;
* Cham Siny&lt;br /&gt;
* Chamike&lt;br /&gt;
* Chaqala&lt;br /&gt;
* Chem Chale&lt;br /&gt;
* Dergne&lt;br /&gt;
* Dohoke&lt;br /&gt;
* Essan&lt;br /&gt;
* Estep&lt;br /&gt;
* Hawarke&lt;br /&gt;
* Hawentka&lt;br /&gt;
* Hish&lt;br /&gt;
* Mahode&lt;br /&gt;
* Maydan&lt;br /&gt;
* Nerwa&lt;br /&gt;
* Qaro&lt;br /&gt;
* Sedar&lt;br /&gt;
* Tashike&lt;br /&gt;
* Wela&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====[[Shekhan District]]====&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Armash]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Beboze&lt;br /&gt;
* Dize&lt;br /&gt;
* Mala Barwan&lt;br /&gt;
* Tilan&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====[[Akre District]]====&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Akre]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Nohawa&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Emptied villages'''&lt;br /&gt;
* Sharman&lt;br /&gt;
* Shosh&lt;br /&gt;
{{div col end}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Iran==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:IranWestAzerbaijan.png|thumb|200px|West Azarbaijan, Iran]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{div col|3}}&lt;br /&gt;
===[[West Azarbaijan|West Azarbaijan Province]]===&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Anhar-e Olya|Anhar]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Armudaghaj|Armod Agaj]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Abdullachand&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Adeh, Urmia|Ada]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Ordushahi|Ardishai]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Balanej|Balanej (Balanush)]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Chamaki]]eh&lt;br /&gt;
* Charbash&lt;br /&gt;
* Digala&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Dizaj-e Takyeh|Dizataka]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Gavlan, Urmia|Gavilan]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Gug Tappeh, Urmia|Geogtapa]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Gol Pashin|Golpashan]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Iryawa&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Khaneshan|Khanishan]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Lulham, Iran|Lolham (Lulpa)]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Mar Nukha&lt;br /&gt;
* Mar Sargis&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Margawar]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Mavana|Mawana]] &amp;lt;big&amp;gt;ܡܥܘܢܐ&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Mushabad|Mushawa]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Qarajalu, Urmia|Qarajalu]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Satlu, West Azerbaijan|Saatlou]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Salmas]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Sangar-e Mir Abdollah|Sangar]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Jamalabad, Urmia|Jamlava (Jamal Abad)]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Sarnaq|Sarna]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Shirabad, West Azerbaijan|Shirabad]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Sopurghan|Sipurghan]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Tergawar]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Urmia]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Yengejeh, Nazlu|Yengija]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Zonbalan, West Azerbaijan|Zoomalan]] &amp;lt;big&amp;gt;ܙܘܡܠܢ&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{div col end}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:IranTehran.png|thumb|200px|Tehran, Iran]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===[[Tehran|Tehran Province]]===&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Gisha]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Syria==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Hasakah.PNG|200px|right|thumb|Al Hasakah, Syria]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Homs.PNG|200px|right|thumb|Homs, Syria]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{div col|3}}&lt;br /&gt;
===[[Al Hasakah|Al Hasakah Province]]===&lt;br /&gt;
* Abu Tena&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Al Hasakah]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Halmoon&lt;br /&gt;
* Jazirah&lt;br /&gt;
* Kharita&lt;br /&gt;
* Qabr Shamya&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Qamishli]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Al-Malikiyah]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Al-Qahtaniyah, Al-Hasakah Governorate|Al-Qahtaniyah]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Sapeh&lt;br /&gt;
* Tel Ahmar&lt;br /&gt;
* Tel Arboush&lt;br /&gt;
* Tel Baloaa&lt;br /&gt;
* Tel Baz&lt;br /&gt;
* Tel Brej&lt;br /&gt;
* Tel Damshesh&lt;br /&gt;
* Tel Faitha&lt;br /&gt;
* Tel Goran&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Tell Halaf|Tel Halaf]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Tel Hipyan&lt;br /&gt;
* Tel Hormez&lt;br /&gt;
* Tel Jadiya&lt;br /&gt;
* Tel Jumaa&lt;br /&gt;
* Tel Kepchi&lt;br /&gt;
* Tel Meghada&lt;br /&gt;
* Tel Mighas&lt;br /&gt;
* Tel Misas&lt;br /&gt;
* Tel Najma&lt;br /&gt;
* Tel Nasri&lt;br /&gt;
* Tel Paweda&lt;br /&gt;
* Tel Ruman Foqani&lt;br /&gt;
* Tel Ruman Tahtani&lt;br /&gt;
* Tel Sakra&lt;br /&gt;
* Tel Shama&lt;br /&gt;
* Tel Shamiram&lt;br /&gt;
* Tel Tal&lt;br /&gt;
* Tel Talaa&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Tel Tamer]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Tel Tawil&lt;br /&gt;
* Tel Wardet &lt;br /&gt;
* Um Alkeif&lt;br /&gt;
* Um Gargen&lt;br /&gt;
* Um Waqfa &lt;br /&gt;
===[[Damascus]]===&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Damascus]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Ma'loula]]&lt;br /&gt;
===[[Homs]]===&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Fairouzeh]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Zaidal]] (some Chaldean families)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Sadad, Syria|Sadad]] &lt;br /&gt;
{{div col end}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Turkey==&lt;br /&gt;
*Note- not all settlements listed are still inhabited by Chaldeans&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Batman Turkey Provinces locator.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Batman, Turkey]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Diyarbakır Turkey Provinces locator.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Diyarbakir, Turkey]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Elazığ Turkey Provinces locator.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Elazig, Turkey]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Gaziantep Turkey Provinces locator.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Gaziantep, Turkey]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Hakkari Turkey Provinces locator.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Hakkari, Turkey]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Istanbul Turkey Provinces locator.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Istanbul,Turkey]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Mardin Turkey Provinces locator.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Mardin, Turkey]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Sirnak Turkey Provinces locator.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Sirnak (Şırnak), Turkey]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Şanlıurfa Turkey Provinces locator.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Şanlıurfa (Urfa), Turkey]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Van Turkey Provinces locator.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Van, Turkey]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{div col|3}}&lt;br /&gt;
===[[Batman Province]]===&lt;br /&gt;
* Benkelbé, [[Turkish language|Turkish]]: Çukuryurt&lt;br /&gt;
* Hesno d'Kifo, ancient [[Cepha]] and Kiphas, Turkish: [[Hasankeyf]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Kafro ‘Elayto, Turkish: Arıca&lt;br /&gt;
* Zercel, Turkish: Danalı&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===[[Diyarbakır Province]]===&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Amid]], Turkish: [[Diyarbakır]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===[[Elazığ Province]]===&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Elazig]], Turkish: [[Elazığ]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===[[Gaziantep Province]]===&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Aïntap]], Turkish: [[Gaziantep]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===[[Hakkari Province]]===&lt;br /&gt;
* Alsan&lt;br /&gt;
* Anhar&lt;br /&gt;
* Asheetha&lt;br /&gt;
* Banimatu&lt;br /&gt;
* Bashirga&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Baz, Turkey|Baz]] &amp;lt;big&amp;gt;ܒܙ&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* Bet Diwe&lt;br /&gt;
* Binyamata&lt;br /&gt;
* Biraul&lt;br /&gt;
* Byalta&lt;br /&gt;
* Darawa&lt;br /&gt;
* Dariyan&lt;br /&gt;
* De Rayi&lt;br /&gt;
* Deri Bend&lt;br /&gt;
* Diza&lt;br /&gt;
* Ein D’Kandil&lt;br /&gt;
* Gagawran&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Gawar]] &amp;lt;big&amp;gt;ܓܒܼܪ&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Halana]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Jilu]] &amp;lt;big&amp;gt;ܓܝܠܘ&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* Karmil&lt;br /&gt;
* Kelaita&lt;br /&gt;
* Kirdiwar&lt;br /&gt;
* Kirzallan&lt;br /&gt;
* Lakina&lt;br /&gt;
* Lewin&lt;br /&gt;
* Lizen&lt;br /&gt;
* Mannunan&lt;br /&gt;
* Mar Isho&lt;br /&gt;
* Merdi&lt;br /&gt;
* Minianish&lt;br /&gt;
* Nahra&lt;br /&gt;
* Neri&lt;br /&gt;
* Nochiya&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Qochanis]] &amp;lt;big&amp;gt;ܩܘܟܢܣ&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* Romta&lt;br /&gt;
* Sara &amp;amp; Timar&lt;br /&gt;
* Shabatan&lt;br /&gt;
* Shwawoota&lt;br /&gt;
* Sulbag&lt;br /&gt;
* Tal&lt;br /&gt;
* Tis&lt;br /&gt;
* Tkhuma &amp;lt;big&amp;gt;ܬܚܘܡܐ&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* (Lower/Upper) [[Tyari]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Youmara (Youmaran)&lt;br /&gt;
* Zaranak&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Zawita]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===[[Istanbul Province]]===&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Istanbul]], Turkish: [[İstanbul]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===[[Mardin Province]]===&lt;br /&gt;
* Ahlah, Turkish: Narlı&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Anhel]], Turkish: [[Yemişli, Midyat|Yemişli]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Arbayé, Turkish: Alayurt&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Arbo, Mardin|Arbo]], Turkish: [[Taşköy, Nusaybin|Taşköy]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Arnas, Turkish: Bağlarbaşı&lt;br /&gt;
* Badibé / Beth Débé, Turkish: Dibek&lt;br /&gt;
* Beth Man’am, Turkish: Bahminir&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Beth Qustan]] / Békusyoné, Turkish: [[Alagöz, Mardin|Alagöz]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Birguriya, Turkish: Birigirya&lt;br /&gt;
* Bnebil, Turkish: Benabil&lt;br /&gt;
* Boté, Turkish: Bardakçı&lt;br /&gt;
* Chtrako&lt;br /&gt;
* Dara, Turkish: Oğuz&lt;br /&gt;
* Dayro du Slibo, Turkish: Çatalçam&lt;br /&gt;
* Derelya&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Deyrkubé]], Turkish: [[Karagöl, Mardin|Karagöl]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Ehwo, Turkish: Güzelsu&lt;br /&gt;
* Gremira, Turkish: Girmeli&lt;br /&gt;
* Gundeké di‘Ito&lt;br /&gt;
* Habsus, Turkish: Mercimekli&lt;br /&gt;
* Hah, Turkish: Anıtlı&lt;br /&gt;
* Harabale / Arkah, Turkish: Üçköy&lt;br /&gt;
* Harabémechka, Turkish: Dağiçi&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Iwardo]], Turkish: [[Gülgöze, Mardin|Gülgöze]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Kafro Tahtayto]], Turkish: [[Elbeğendi]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Kanak, Turkish: Kaynak&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Karboran]], Turkish: [[Dargeçit]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Kelith, Turkish: Dereiçi&lt;br /&gt;
* Kfarbé, Turkish: Güngören&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Kfarze]], Turkish: [[Altıntaş, Mardin|Altıntaş]]&lt;br /&gt;
* M’aré, Turkish: Eskihisar&lt;br /&gt;
* Ma'asarte, Turkish: [[Ömerli, Mardin|Ömerli]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Mardin]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Midyat]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Mor Bobo, Turkish: Günyurdu&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Mzizah]], Turkish: [[Doğançay, Mardin|Doğançay]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Nsivin, ancient [[Nisibis]], Turkish: [[Nusaybin]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Saleh, Turkish: Barıştepe&lt;br /&gt;
* Séderi, Turkish: Üçyol&lt;br /&gt;
* Yardo, Turkish: Yamanlar&lt;br /&gt;
* Zaz, Turkish: [[İzbırak, Mardin|İzbırak]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===[[Şırnak Province]]===&lt;br /&gt;
* [[İdil|Azakh]], Turkish: [[İdil]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Basibrin / Bsorino, Turkish: Haberli&lt;br /&gt;
* Bohtan&lt;br /&gt;
* Esfes, Turkish: Yarbaşı&lt;br /&gt;
* Geznakh, Turkish: Cevizağacı in [[Beytüşşebap]]&lt;br /&gt;
* HOZ, in [[Beytüşşebap]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Gzira, Turkish: [[Cizre]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Hassana, Turkish: Kösreli&lt;br /&gt;
* Meer, Turkish: Kovankaya in [[Beytüşşebap]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Miden, Turkish: Ögündük&lt;br /&gt;
* Sare / Ester / Gawayto, Turkish: Sarıköy&lt;br /&gt;
* Shari&lt;br /&gt;
* Tamerzé, Turkish: Uçar&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===[[Şanlıurfa Province]]===&lt;br /&gt;
* Şanlıurfa&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===[[Van Province]]===&lt;br /&gt;
* Van&lt;br /&gt;
{{div col end}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Chaldean diaspora]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Chaldean people]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of Nochiyayeh settlements]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Tur Abdin]] (Syriac name for the settlements and regions in Mardin and Sirnak province)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Chaldean communities}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Chaldean Settlements}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Chaldean settlements| ]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Populated places in Iraq]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Populated places in Iran]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Populated places in Syria]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Populated places in Turkey]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>SunRise4ever</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=Ain_Sifni&amp;diff=3963</id>
		<title>Ain Sifni</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=Ain_Sifni&amp;diff=3963"/>
				<updated>2015-08-07T15:14:01Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;SunRise4ever: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox settlement&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| name                    = Ain Sifni&lt;br /&gt;
| native_name             = {{lang-ku|‘Eyn Sifnî}}&lt;br /&gt;
| native_name_lang        = ku&lt;br /&gt;
| settlement_type         = city&lt;br /&gt;
| image_skyline           = &lt;br /&gt;
| image_alt               = &lt;br /&gt;
| image_caption           = &lt;br /&gt;
| image_flag              = &lt;br /&gt;
| flag_alt                = &lt;br /&gt;
| image_seal              = &lt;br /&gt;
| seal_alt                = &lt;br /&gt;
| image_shield            = &lt;br /&gt;
| shield_alt              = &lt;br /&gt;
| nickname                = &lt;br /&gt;
| motto                   = &lt;br /&gt;
| image_map               = &lt;br /&gt;
| map_alt                 = &lt;br /&gt;
| map_caption             = &lt;br /&gt;
| pushpin_map             = Iraq&lt;br /&gt;
| pushpin_label_position  = &lt;br /&gt;
| pushpin_map_alt         = &lt;br /&gt;
| pushpin_map_caption     = Location in Iraq&lt;br /&gt;
| latd  =36  |latm  =41  |lats  =30  |latNS  =N&lt;br /&gt;
| longd =43  |longm =21  |longs =00  |longEW =E&lt;br /&gt;
| coor_pinpoint           = &lt;br /&gt;
| coordinates_type        = &lt;br /&gt;
| coordinates_display     = inline,title&lt;br /&gt;
| coordinates_footnotes   = IQ&lt;br /&gt;
| coordinates_region      = &lt;br /&gt;
| subdivision_type        = Country&lt;br /&gt;
| subdivision_name        = [[Iraq]]&lt;br /&gt;
| subdivision_type1       = [[Governorates of Iraq|Governorate]]&lt;br /&gt;
| subdivision_name1       = [[DUHOK Province|Nineveh]]&lt;br /&gt;
| subdivision_type2       = [[Districts of Iraq|District]]&lt;br /&gt;
| subdivision_name2       = [[Shekhan District|Shekhan]]&lt;br /&gt;
| subdivision_type3       = &lt;br /&gt;
| subdivision_name3       = &lt;br /&gt;
| established_title       = &lt;br /&gt;
| established_date        = &lt;br /&gt;
| founder                 = &lt;br /&gt;
| seat_type               = &lt;br /&gt;
| seat                    = &lt;br /&gt;
| government_footnotes    = &lt;br /&gt;
| leader_party            = &lt;br /&gt;
| leader_title            = &lt;br /&gt;
| leader_name             = &lt;br /&gt;
| unit_pref               = Metric&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- for references: use &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; tags --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| area_footnotes          = &lt;br /&gt;
| area_urban_footnotes    = &amp;lt;!-- &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| area_rural_footnotes    = &amp;lt;!-- &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| area_metro_footnotes    = &amp;lt;!-- &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| area_magnitude          = &amp;lt;!-- &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| area_note               = &lt;br /&gt;
| area_water_percent      = &lt;br /&gt;
| area_rank               = &lt;br /&gt;
| area_blank1_title       = &lt;br /&gt;
| area_blank2_title       = &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- square kilometers --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| area_total_km2          = &lt;br /&gt;
| area_land_km2           = &lt;br /&gt;
| area_water_km2          = &lt;br /&gt;
| area_urban_km2          = &lt;br /&gt;
| area_rural_km2          = &lt;br /&gt;
| area_metro_km2          = &lt;br /&gt;
| area_blank1_km2         = &lt;br /&gt;
| area_blank2_km2         = &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- hectares --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| area_total_ha           = &lt;br /&gt;
| area_land_ha            = &lt;br /&gt;
| area_water_ha           = &lt;br /&gt;
| area_urban_ha           = &lt;br /&gt;
| area_rural_ha           = &lt;br /&gt;
| area_metro_ha           = &lt;br /&gt;
| area_blank1_ha          = &lt;br /&gt;
| area_blank2_ha          = &lt;br /&gt;
| length_km               = &lt;br /&gt;
| width_km                = &lt;br /&gt;
| dimensions_footnotes    = &lt;br /&gt;
| elevation_footnotes     = &lt;br /&gt;
| elevation_m             = &lt;br /&gt;
| population_footnotes    = &lt;br /&gt;
| population_total        = &lt;br /&gt;
| population_as_of        = &lt;br /&gt;
| population_density_km2  = auto&lt;br /&gt;
| population_demonym      = &lt;br /&gt;
| population_note         = &lt;br /&gt;
| timezone1               = &lt;br /&gt;
| utc_offset1             = &lt;br /&gt;
| timezone1_DST           = &lt;br /&gt;
| utc_offset1_DST         = &lt;br /&gt;
| postal_code_type        = &lt;br /&gt;
| postal_code             = &lt;br /&gt;
| area_code_type          = &lt;br /&gt;
| area_code               = &lt;br /&gt;
| iso_code                = &lt;br /&gt;
| website                 = &amp;lt;!-- {{URL|example.com}} --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| footnotes               = &lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
'''Ain Sifni''' ({{lang-syc|ܥܝܢ ܣܦܢܐ}}, {{lang-ar|عين سفني}}, {{lang-ku|‘Eyn Sifnî}}, also called Shekhan) is an [[Chaldean people|Chaldean]] village. It is also one of the primary holy towns of the [[Yazidis]] and the seat of the [[Shekhan District]] in the [[Ninawa Governorate|Ninawa]] province in [[Iraq]].&amp;lt;ref name=capi&amp;gt;{{cite web|title=Basic information about Shekhan District|url=http://www.capiraq.org/Maps/Data3/Shekhan.pdf|website=Christian Aid Program in Iraq |accessdate=October 7, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425080258/http://www.capiraq.org/Maps/Data3/Shekhan.pdf|archivedate=April 25, 2012|format=PDF}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The town is mainly populated by Kurds (Muslims and Yazidis), and a small minority of [[Chaldean people|Chaldeans]].  The Kurdish dialect of [[Kurmanji]], along with Arabic and [[Neo-Aramaic]] are spoken in the town.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|title=What you did not know about Iraq’s Yazidi minority|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/perspective/alarabiya-studies/2014/08/11/What-you-did-not-know-about-Iraq-s-Yazidi-minority-.html|accessdate=October 7, 2014|work=Al Arabiya News|agency=Al Arabiya Institute for Studies|publisher=Al Arabiya  Network|date=August 11, 2014}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Prior to the [[Kurdistan]], the town was the second largest population center of the [[Yezidi]] Kurds.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==History==&lt;br /&gt;
Beginning on August 10, 2014, Yazidi refugees have been fleeing to the town and Lalish from [[Sinjar]] through [[Syria]]  after the [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] placed that [[Sinjar massacre|city under siege]].&amp;lt;ref name=ttg0&amp;gt;{{cite news|title=Iraq crisis: the last stand of the Yazidis against Islamic State|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/11029765/Iraq-crisis-the-last-stand-of-the-Yazidis-against-Islamic-State.html|accessdate=August 14, 2014|work=The Telegraph|date=August 12, 2014}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=csm&amp;gt;{{cite news|last1=Soguel|first1=Dominique|title=World Middle East A sanctuary for Iraqi Yazidis – and a plea for Obama's intervention|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2014/0812/A-sanctuary-for-Iraqi-Yazidis-and-a-plea-for-Obama-s-intervention|accessdate=August 13, 2014|work=The Christian Science Monitor|date=August 12, 2014}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=ttg&amp;gt;{{cite news|last1=Spencer|first1=Richard|title=Iraq dispatch: terrified Yazidi people seek refuge inside holy temple|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/11030445/Iraq-dispatch-terrified-Yazidi-people-seek-refuge-inside-holy-temple.html|accessdate=August 13, 2014|work=The Telegraph|publisher=Telegraph Media Group Limited|date=August 13, 2014}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Etymology==&lt;br /&gt;
The name of the town comes from [[Aramaic]], the language spoken by the native people of the town, the Chaldeans. Its name comes from the words &amp;quot;ea na,&amp;quot; meaning &amp;quot;[water] spring,&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;sapanna,&amp;quot; meaning &amp;quot;sailor.&amp;quot; The name of the town means &amp;quot;[water] spring of the sailor.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Shekhan District]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Chaldean people|Chaldean]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Nineveh Plains}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Districts of Iraq}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Populated places in Nineveh Governorate]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:District capitals of Iraq]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Chaldean settlements]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Iraq-geo-stub}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>SunRise4ever</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=Bakhdida&amp;diff=3962</id>
		<title>Bakhdida</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=Bakhdida&amp;diff=3962"/>
				<updated>2015-08-07T15:10:39Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;SunRise4ever: &lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox settlement&lt;br /&gt;
|official_name          = Bakhdida&lt;br /&gt;
|native_name            = ܒܓܕܝܕܐ&lt;br /&gt;
|nickname               = &lt;br /&gt;
|motto                  = &lt;br /&gt;
|image_skyline          = Iraqvillagebaghdeda.JPG&lt;br /&gt;
|imagesize              = 250px&lt;br /&gt;
|image_caption          = A view of Bakhdida&lt;br /&gt;
|image_flag             = &lt;br /&gt;
|image_seal             = &lt;br /&gt;
|image_shield           = &lt;br /&gt;
|image_map              = &lt;br /&gt;
|mapsize                = &lt;br /&gt;
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|pushpin_map            = Iraq&lt;br /&gt;
|pushpin_label_position =&lt;br /&gt;
|coordinates_display    = inline,title&lt;br /&gt;
|coordinates_region     = IQ-NI&lt;br /&gt;
|subdivision_type       = [[Countries of the world|Country]]&lt;br /&gt;
|subdivision_name       = [[Iraq]]&lt;br /&gt;
|subdivision_type1      = Governorate&lt;br /&gt;
|subdivision_name1      = [[Ninawa Governorate|Ninawa]]&lt;br /&gt;
|subdivision_type2      = Municipality&lt;br /&gt;
|subdivision_name2      = [[Al-Hamdaniya]]&lt;br /&gt;
|government_type        = &lt;br /&gt;
|leader_title           = Mayor&lt;br /&gt;
|leader_name            = Nisan Karromi&lt;br /&gt;
|leader_title1          = &lt;br /&gt;
|leader_name1           = &lt;br /&gt;
|leader_title2          =&lt;br /&gt;
|leader_name2           =&lt;br /&gt;
|leader_title3          =&lt;br /&gt;
|leader_name3           = &lt;br /&gt;
|established_title      = &lt;br /&gt;
|established_date       = &lt;br /&gt;
|established_title2     = &lt;br /&gt;
|established_date2      = &lt;br /&gt;
|established_title3     = &lt;br /&gt;
|established_date3      = &lt;br /&gt;
|area_footnotes         = &lt;br /&gt;
|area_magnitude         = &lt;br /&gt;
|area_total             = &lt;br /&gt;
|TotalArea_sq_mi        = &lt;br /&gt;
|area_land              = &lt;br /&gt;
|LandArea_sq_mi         = &lt;br /&gt;
|area_water             = &lt;br /&gt;
|WaterArea_sq_mi        = &lt;br /&gt;
|area_water_percent     = &lt;br /&gt;
|area_urban             = &lt;br /&gt;
|UrbanArea_sq_mi        = &lt;br /&gt;
|area_metro             =&lt;br /&gt;
|MetroArea_sq_mi        =&lt;br /&gt;
|population_as_of       = 2012&lt;br /&gt;
|population_footnotes   =  &lt;br /&gt;
|population_note        = Including some 15,000 Chaldean refugees from other Iraqi cities&lt;br /&gt;
|population_total       = 50,000&lt;br /&gt;
|population_density     = &amp;lt;!--Note: use population_footnotes for refs, use only unformatted numbers here --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|population_density_mi2 = &amp;lt;!--Note: use population_footnotes for refs, use only unformatted numbers here --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|population_metro       = &amp;lt;!--Note: use population_footnotes for refs, use only unformatted numbers here --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|population_density_metro_km2 =&lt;br /&gt;
|population_density_metro_mi2 =&lt;br /&gt;
|population_urban       =&lt;br /&gt;
|timezone               =&lt;br /&gt;
|utc_offset             = &lt;br /&gt;
|timezone_DST           = &lt;br /&gt;
|utc_offset_DST         = &lt;br /&gt;
|latd                   = 36&lt;br /&gt;
|latm                   = 16&lt;br /&gt;
|lats                   = 11&lt;br /&gt;
|latNS                  = N&lt;br /&gt;
|longd                  = 43&lt;br /&gt;
|longm                  = 22&lt;br /&gt;
|longs                  = 39&lt;br /&gt;
|longEW                 = E&lt;br /&gt;
|elevation_footnotes =&lt;br /&gt;
|elevation              = &lt;br /&gt;
|elevation_ft           = &lt;br /&gt;
|postal_code_type       = &lt;br /&gt;
|postal_code            = &lt;br /&gt;
|website                = http://www.bakhdida.com/&lt;br /&gt;
|footnotes              = &lt;br /&gt;
|twin1      =&lt;br /&gt;
|twin1_country =&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
'''Bakhdida''' ({{lang-syr|ܒܓܕܝܕܐ}}, [[Arabic]]:بخديدا) {{IPA-syr|bɑχdɛːdə}}, also known as '''Baghdeda''', '''Qaraqosh''', '''Karakosh''' or '''Al-Hamdaniya''', is an [[Chaldean people|Chaldean]] city in northern [[Iraq]] within the [[Ninawa Governorate]], located about 32&amp;amp;nbsp;km (20&amp;amp;nbsp;mi) southeast of the city of [[Mosul]] and 60&amp;amp;nbsp;km west of [[Erbil]] amid agricultural lands, close to the ruins of the ancient Chaldean cities [[Nimrud]] and [[Nineveh]]. It is connected to the main city of Mosul by two main roads. The first runs through the towns of [[Bartella]] and [[Karamles]] which connects to the city of [[Erbil]] as well. The second which was gravel until the 1990s when it was paved, is direct to Mosul.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Etymology==&lt;br /&gt;
The name '''Bakhdida''' ({{lang-syr|ܒܝܬ ܟܘܕܝܕܐ}}; '''Beth Khdeda'''), is of uncertain origin and when translated from the [[Syriac language]] it has two components ''Beth'' which means &amp;quot;land&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;town&amp;quot;, and Khodida which could either mean &amp;quot;Youths&amp;quot; in [[Aramaic language|Aramaic]] or actually &amp;quot;Baghdadak&amp;quot; a diminutive form of Baghdad,  [[Old Persian]] meaning &amp;quot;God's gift.&amp;quot;. Some also believe that Bakhdida comes from the Aramaic ''Beth Deta'', meaning &amp;quot;Land of the [[Kite (bird)|Kite]]&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.bakhdida.com/BehnamAtallah/Usool.htm اصول أسماء القرى والمواقع التابعة لمنطقة بخديدا], بهنام عطاالله&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; During the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] period, the Turkish name '''Qara Qoş''' ([[Turkish language|Turkish]] for ''black bird'') came into use, with Kara Kuş as an alternative spelling based on Modern Turkish orthography. Finally, and as part of the [[Arabization]] policy in the 1970s, the Iraqi [[Ba'ath]] government changed the village name to '''Hamdaniyya''', naming it after the [[Arab tribe]] of &amp;quot;Banu Hamdan&amp;quot;, who ruled [[Mosul]] in the [[middle ages]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Situation of the town==&lt;br /&gt;
Agriculture was the main source of living for the people of Bakhdida. It also prospered on handicrafts such as weaving and producing leather coats which are locally known as Farawee made of sheepskin. Today, Bakhdida has become a center of trade and business with many roads, shops, houses, buildings and lots of government employees but still agriculture and farming are the main sources of living as since the 1980s many people own and run chicken farms with modern facilities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The vast majority of its inhabitants are ethnic Chaldeans, more than 70% of whom are members of the [[Syriac Catholic Church]], while the rest are [[Jacob Baradaeus|Jacobite]] [[Syriac Orthodox Church|Syriac Orthodox]]. The recent wave of violence targeting Christians in Iraq forced many Chaldeans living in major Iraqi cities to move to Chaldean towns in the [[Nineveh Plains]], which swelled the town with an influx of [[Iraqi refugees|refugees]] mainly belonging to the [[Chaldean Catholic Church]] and the [[Church of the East]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The main language spoken is the Nineveh Plains variant of [[Syriac]], which is almost identical to that spoken in other major Chaldean towns (like [[Alqosh]] and [[Tel Kepe]]) in the region. [[Arabic]] is also used as a second language. [[English language|English]] is widely understood by younger generations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As of now, the Al-Hamdaniya Municipality also includes towns of [[Bartella]] and [[Karamlish]] and tens of other smaller [[Chaldean_settlements#Ninawa_Province|Chaldean villages]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==History==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Pre-Christian accounts===&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:BM; RM6 - ANE, Assyrian Sculpture 14 West Wall (M + N) ~ Assyrian Empire + Lamassu, Gates at Balawat, Relief Panel's &amp;amp; Full Projection.3.jpg|right|thumb|250ppx|&amp;quot;Balawat Gates&amp;quot; displayed at the [[British Museum]]]]&lt;br /&gt;
It is thought that the ancient city of ''Rasin'' mentioned in some texts was in Bakhdida.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;sawt bakhdida&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[http://www.bakhdida.net/Mathaf/MattiBabaTareekhBakh.htm تاريخ بخديدا]، متي بابا، جريدة (صوت بخديدا) العدد الرابع&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Furthermore the town is situated 5&amp;amp;nbsp;km north of [[Balawat]], where important [[Chaldean]] artifacts were found by the [[Chaldean people|Chaldean]]   [[Hormuzd Rassam]]; most of them are displayed at the [[British Museum]] and the [[Louvre]].&lt;br /&gt;
A variant of the name ''Bakdedu'' is said to be the place of a decisive battle between the Ancient Chaldeans and the [[Babylonians]] [[Chaldeans | Chaldean people]] in 610 BC after the [[fall of Nineveh]] by the Native Chaldeans of [[Mesopotamia]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The town then became part of the consecutive empires that ruled the region. Persian influence can be still seen by the possible explanation of its name. Many gods worshipped before Christianity was established were of [[Chaldean]] and [[Persia]]n origins.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Early Christian history===&lt;br /&gt;
The Chaldeans of Bakhdida became Christians during early Christianity. With the Christological disputes of the 4th century, they followed the [[Church of the East]] teaching but switched to the [[Syriac Orthodox Church]] through the influence of [[Shapur of Baghdeda]] in the 7th century.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Later migrations===&lt;br /&gt;
Bakhdida's population is indigenous to the village; however, Chaldean and Syriac Christians from other regions of Mesopotamia have moved to and settled in Bakhdida. In 1089, the [[Church of Mar Aho Dama]] in [[Tikrit]] (built before the 10th century) was looted and taxes on its Jacobite population became so unbearable that most of the Christians left the city and the Jacobite [[Mapharian]], [[Youhanna IV Saliba]], followed suit and moved to Mosul. Many of these Tikriti Christians moved to Baghdeda and later a few Mapharians settled in it as well. Still, the town would be a great anthropological study with many rooted family names such as Assu, Ashu, Ballu, Gadju, Hallu, Jadju, Olo, Rammu, that reflect Chaldean [[Akkadian]] influence.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Raids of Persians and Kurds===&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Qatarta d'beth Ina.JPG|left|thumb|250ppx| &amp;quot;Qaṭartā d'Beth īnā&amp;quot; An example of brick constructions in the old centre]]&lt;br /&gt;
In their literature and writings, the Chaldeans of Baghdida remember vividly the raids of the Persians and Kurds on their village and churches. In 1171, while the governors of Mosul and Damascus were fighting each other, the Kurds used the opportunity to attack the [[Mar Mattai monastery]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://books.google.com/books?id=DVcZAAAAIAAJ&amp;amp;q=Kurds+Mar+Mattai&amp;amp;dq=Kurds+Mar+Mattai The chronography of Gregory Abû'l Faraj, the son of Aaron, the Hebrew physician]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; According to the 13th century writer [[Bar Hebraeus]], in 1261 the Kurds came down to Mosul, killing many Christians who refused to follow Islam and looting their homes and churches. The Kurds then occupied the nunnery of Muqortaya and killed many of the nuns and others who had sought refuge there. In 1288 a battle took place between the Kurds and [[Tatars]] near Baghdida. In 1324 Baghdida was attacked by the Kurds again and many homes and four churches were burned.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Bar Hebraius, Summary of the History of the lands,  Arabic edition P. 492-497&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; In 1742 the [[Afsharids]] led by [[Nadir Shah]] plundered and looted the whole region of [[Mosul Vilayet]], including many Christian villages.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Advent of Catholicism===&lt;br /&gt;
In 1580, certain Jacobites of Bakhdida began to build relations with Rome through the monastery of Mar Bihnam, but it was not until the 18th century that these Jacobites began to join the Vatican and became known as [[Syriac Catholic Church|Syrian Catholics]]. Recently, the Dominicans celebrated 250 years of their presence in the north of Iraq. There was much unrest between the new Catholics and the original Jacobite Christians. It is reported that when Catholic bishop Essa Mahfoodh went to see the Jacobite Patriarch Elias II Hindi al-Mosulli (1837–1847) in order to secure the division of properties between the two groups, he was received with insulting remarks. The patriarch told the Catholic bishop: &amp;quot;French (Papists), isn't it enough that you divided my people in Mardin? Have you now come to Mosul to do the same thing here?&amp;quot; Backed by the French, the bishop went to Mohammad Pasha, the Turkish governor, and presented his complaint to him. In 1837 the properties (churches and monasteries), manuscripts, and furniture were divided in a special manner between the two [[Chaldean people|Chaldean]] denominations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Persian-Ottoman wars===&lt;br /&gt;
In the early 18th century, Persians under the leadership of [[Nader Shah]] invaded the Mosul region and most of the inhabitants of Baghdida escaped to Mosul with all their valuables, in accordance with the governor's orders. Mosul was harassed and then besieged for months. However, the Christians defended it and after months of blockade, the Persians finally signed a peace agreement with Mosul's governor Hasan Pasha Al Jalili, and withdrew in 1743. To reward the Christians for their bravery, the [[Al-Jalili family|Jalili]] governor permitted many churches in the Mosul region to be restored.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|author=Ghassan Hanna |url=http://www.chaldeansonline.org/village/bakhdida.html |title=Bakhdida |publisher=Chaldeansonline.org |date= |accessdate=2010-12-01}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Next, the governor sent his son to [[Constantinople]] (Istanbul) to meet with the Ottoman Sultan [[Mahmud I]]. The purpose for the visit was to ask the sultan for a reward for saving Mosul. The sultan issued an official [[Firman]] in 1778 and paid ''Hussein Pasha al-Jalili'' 800 Qirsh to buy the village of Baghdida. The people of Baghdida were very upset about what had happened. They met and decided after long deliberation to abandon the village. When al-Jalili heard the story, he felt guilty and decided to return the village to its rightful owners. He issued a decree in 1778, in which he relinquished his ownership to Baghdida, but he kept his rights to receive the tenth of its produce in taxes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This continued until Ayyoub al-Jalili headed the [[Al-Jalili family|Jalili]] family. He tried to enforce the Sultan's original firman; however, the people of Bakhdida, as it was known at this time, fought with the help of ''Bihnam Bounni'', who won the case in the Mosul courts in 1920 and traveled to Istanbul and won the case there in 1923. Nevertheless, ''Ayyoub al-Jalili'' and the Jalili family returned again and tried to claim ownership of Bakhdida. On 21 Nov. 1949 judge ''Moslih al-Den al-Salhani'' awarded Bakhdida to the Jalili family. The people of Bakhdida presented a petition to the Iraqi government in which they explained the whole history of their village, ending the petition with a request for permission to leave Iraq if the government did not return ownership of the village to them. The courts looked into the matter one last time and on 15 March 1954 awarded the village to the people of Bakhdida.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===After the US invasion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Chaldean and Syriac Security Force===&lt;br /&gt;
The city has created the [[Qaraqosh Protection Committee]], which has 1200 not heavily armed [[Chaldean  People|Chaldean]] security guards dedicated to patrolling the outskirts of the city and keeping the violence at bay.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://videos.huffingtonpost.com/entertainment/christian-security-guards-keep-karakosh-iraq-safe-516999366]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Islamist terrorist attacks and invasion ===&lt;br /&gt;
{{see also|Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014)|Northern Iraq offensive (August 2014)}}&lt;br /&gt;
At the beginning of July 2014, [[Terrorist Islamic State in Iraq and Syria|ISIS]] forces attempted to occupy the city. The [[Kurdish people|Kurdish]] [[Peshmerga]] and the [[Chaldean People|Chaldean]] [[Qaraqosh Protection Committee]] successfully defended it, while elders, women, and children fled to neighboring towns, thus joining other Christian refugees from nearby [[Mosul]] that had previously escaped the city in fear of the extremists.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;As reported by [http://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/ausland/naher-osten/irakische-christen-stehen-unter-kurdischem-schutz-13032626.html Frankfurter Allgemeine] (in German language)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The Islamists proceeded to cut off the town's water supply. This, together with the rise in the price of oil following ISIS' invasion of nearby oil field and an [[embargo]] imposed by ISIS forcing nearby Muslim villages to stop trade with Bakhdida, rendered life difficult in the town also burdened with incoming refugees.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[Iraq's Waterless Christians: The Campaign to Expel a Religion Business Week: Iraq's Waterless Christians: The Campaign to Expel a Religion]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; On 6 August 2014, the Kurdish troops withdrew from the city and the next day Islamists from [[Islamic State in Iraq and Syria|ISIS]] invaded the city.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;As reported by [http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2014/08/07/97001-20140807FILWWW00062-irak-des-jihadistes-prennent-la-plus-grande-ville-chretienne-du-pays.php Le Figaro] (in French language)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Much of the population, including recent arrivals, was left joining the 150,000 Chaldeans fleeing, though they were forced to walk towards [[Erbil]] without their cars and possessions as Kurdish forces feared Islamist infiltration.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;As reported by [http://fr.radiovaticana.va/news/2014/08/07/irak__les_chr%C3%A9tiens_contraints_de_fuir_qaraqosh/1104121 Radio Vatican] (in French language)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Geography==&lt;br /&gt;
It is {{convert|32|mi|km}} southeast of [[Mosul]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;quot;[http://www.christiantoday.com/article/no.mass.said.in.mosul.for.first.time.in.1600.years.says.archbishop/38493.htm No Mass said in Mosul for first time in 1,600 years, says Archbishop]&amp;quot; ([http://www.webcitation.org/6QtHqHIpw Archive]). ''[[Christian Today]]''. 28 June 2014. Retrieved on 7 July 2014.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Archaeology==&lt;br /&gt;
Since the late 19th century various locations on the outskirts of the town were excavated by [[Hormuzd Rassam]]. In [[Balawat]] (the ancient Chaldean city of Imgur-Enlil) a number of Chaldean artifacts have been excavated; they are currently displayed in the [[British Museum]] and [[Mosul museum]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/article_index/b/balawat_ancient_imgur-enlil.aspx |title=Balawat (ancient Imgur-Enlil, Iraq) |publisher=British Museum |date= |accessdate=2010-12-01}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
There is a lot of interest in the archaeology of Baghdida today. It has many Chaldean remains, like those of Tel Bashmoni (Beth Shmoni), Tel Muqortaya, Tel Karamles, Tel Mar Bihnam and others. These mounds were fortresses, temples or buildings that belonged to the Chaldean capital of [[Nimrud]]. Throughout 1922, 1927, and 1935, archaeologists found gold pieces and cylinder seals, as well as an Chaldean statue (now in Mosul museum) in a well in the church of Mar Zina. In 1942 an Chaldean bathroom and several graves were found near the church of Bashmoni. Furthermore, during the 1980s excavations in the grounds of the Church of Mar Youhanna (Saint John), archaeologists found human remains inside graves in the eastern side and at a depth of one and a half metres. These graves were built with typical Chaldean large rectangular bricks.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
References to Mesopotamia continued in texts from Baghdeda. Mapharian Athanasius Ibrahim II of Tur Abdin visited Tikrit, Baghdad, and Arbil to attend to his congregation. According to Afram Abdal al-Khouri and his book ''al-Lu'lu' al-Nadheed fi Tareekh Deir Mar Bihnam al-Shaheed'' (''The Layers of Pearls in the History of the Monastery of Martyred Mar Bihnam''), 1951, p.&amp;amp;nbsp;219, Sony writes: &amp;quot;in 1365 the Mapharian came to Athur or Mosul and was welcomed by Nour al-Din the Chief of Baghdeda … &amp;quot; (Sony 1998, 699). Last but not least, Sony writes that in 1294–1295 (according to the Mar Bihnam monastery archives) a certain king &amp;quot;came to Lower Athur, the city of Saint Mar Bihnam … &amp;quot; (Sony 1998, 95).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Churches==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Syriac Catholic Churches===&lt;br /&gt;
* '''Church of Virgin Mary'''&lt;br /&gt;
This church was mentioned by Mapheryan Denosyos Mosa (1112–1142) who visited the church in 1129. It was also mentioned also by Mapheryan Egnateyos La'Azer (1143–1164). This church houses the remains of Mapheryan Deosqoros Behnam II who was buried there in 1417, and that of Mapheryan Baselos Aziz who was buried there in 1487. Several attempts were made to reconstruct it. The first was in 1745 to rebuild what was destroyed by Nader Shah in 1743. It was rebuilt again 1847. The last reconstruction for this church was conducted in 1964.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* '''The New Church of Immaculate'''&lt;br /&gt;
This is the largest church in Bakhdeda and Iraq. Building of this church started in 1932. Phase one was completed in 1939, and final phase was completed by 1948.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* '''Church of Mar Jacob'''&lt;br /&gt;
Historically this church was called Church of Mar Andrawes. It was taken over by Catholics at the order of Hassan Pasha Al-Jalely in 1770 and renamed Mar Jacob. It was reinvigorated in 1970.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* '''Church of John the Baptist'''&lt;br /&gt;
This church was built prior to 1748 when its name was mentioned by the priest Habash bin Joma’a.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* '''Church of Martyr Mar Gewargis'''&lt;br /&gt;
This church was standing prior to 1269 when in it was mentioned in an inscription written by Joseph bin Khames Al-Senjari.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* '''Church of Mar Zina'''&lt;br /&gt;
This church was first mentioned in 1589 by the priest Jacob bin Eliya bin Hirmis who was referring to the reconstruction being done on it, which indicates that this church was built many years before that. It was also reconstructed in 1744 and recently in 1964.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* '''Church of Mar Behnam and his sister Mart Sarah'''&lt;br /&gt;
This church was built in 2008.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Syriac Orthodox Churches===&lt;br /&gt;
* '''Church of Sarkis and Bakos'''&lt;br /&gt;
This is the oldest church in Bakhdida. Possibly this church was built in the sixth or the 7th century. It was burned by Nader Shah in 1743 and reconstructed in 1744.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* '''Church of Mart Shmony'''&lt;br /&gt;
This church was built prior to the 8th century, since its records indicate that it was reinvigorated in 791. It is a famous among Syriac from other parts of the region. Once a year, thousands of believers from around Bakhdeda come to visit the church and celebrate Mart Shmony's and her children's martyrdom.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* '''Church of Mar Gorgis'''&lt;br /&gt;
This is an old church in Bakhdida. Not much information is known about it.&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Churches in Bakhdida.JPG|thumb|150ppx|1st: Church of Sarkis and Bakos 2nd: Church of Mart Shmony&lt;br /&gt;
3rd: Church of Mar Gorgis]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Festivals==&lt;br /&gt;
* '''Christmas'''&lt;br /&gt;
On Christmas Eve people in Bakhdida enjoy the Fire that is lit in the yard of the church of immaculate locally known [[Tahra]]. Wild plants are collected ahead of the big celebration, a known family is devoted to gather the plants and anybody can volunteer for this task too. Big mass is held on Christmas Eve and all children and crowds of people sing Christmas carols.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On Christmas Day people visit each other and have special meals with their relatives and friends.  Most people sacrifice animals, prepare Christmas cookies locally known as Klecha; a very special treat stuffed with walnut, coconut or dates.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* '''Mar Keryakos'''&lt;br /&gt;
Mar Karyakos is actually ruins of a monastery located about a kilometer east of Bakhdida and lies amid agricultural fields. The monastery consists of three caves that are carved naturally in a hilly rock formed geologically of hardened pebbles. In the middle cave which is the largest stands what looks like an altar formed of piled stones. The altar is lit with candles by believers who visit it once a year on the Sunday before Palm Sunday. Offers are given for the needy people of Bakhdida, after prayers families picnic in the fields that surround the monastery.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Very special treat is prepared ahead of this day from wheat. The wheat is washed, soaked in salt water for three days and then dried in the direct sunlight. After it is completely dry the grains are roasted in special pan locally known SACH on the stove. Melon seeds are washed, salted, dried and roasted the same way as the wheat then mixed with the roasted wheat.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The final treat is called &amp;quot;kitikelie&amp;quot; that has very delicious taste.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* '''Palm Sunday'''&lt;br /&gt;
The Sunday before Easter is known as Palm Sunday or ''Oshana''. It is the beginning of Holy Week and celebrates Jesus' triumphant entry into [[Jerusalem]] on the back of a donkey. Great crowds of people parade the streets of Bakhdida waving olive branches to welcome him. The procession starts at the church of immaculate and ends at the church of John. The people shout &amp;quot;Oshana to the son of David”.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* '''Holy Thursday'''&lt;br /&gt;
In Bakhdida big mass is held at the Church of Immaculate to commemorate what Jesus did with his disciples. It starts as an ordinary mass but includes a dramatic ritual of the washing and kissing the feet of twelve children.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* '''The Triumph of the Cross'''&lt;br /&gt;
The feast of The Triumph of the Holy Cross commemorates the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ. Traditionally, people attend mass and in the evening they lit fires in the streets of Bakhdida and decorate the exterior of their houses with outdoor lights.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* '''Good Friday'''&lt;br /&gt;
Traditionally, in Bakhdida, the Church of Immaculate where the Good Friday prayers are held all [[Virgin Mary]]’s pictures are covered with black cloth as a symbol of her sorrow as well as a bitter drink is prepared from boiling local tree twigs and flowers. Later, on this morning the bell rings for inviting people to drink it as a symbol of the bitter drink that was offered for Jesus while on the cross.The cross is then wrapped in white fabric and kept in a coffin, and in the afternoon burial prayers are held.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* '''Kha b-Nisan'''&lt;br /&gt;
Banned prior to the American invasion, this [[Kha b-Nisan|national Chaldean festival]] has started to gain popularity between youths in the last decade.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
*[[List of Chaldean settlements]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Balawat]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Bartella]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Karamlish]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Al-Hamdaniya District]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
''Originally based on an article by bakdida.com, licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License, used with permission.''&lt;br /&gt;
{{Reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.bakhdida.com/ Bakhdida.com]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.baghdeda.com/modules/news/ Baghdeda.com]&lt;br /&gt;
*http://www.ishtartv.com/en/viewarticle,35746.html—Service and Construction for the city - 2011-12-16 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Nineveh Plains}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Districts of Iraq}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Populated places in Nineveh Governorate]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Chaldean settlements]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:District capitals of Iraq]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>SunRise4ever</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=Araden&amp;diff=3961</id>
		<title>Araden</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://chaldeanwiki.com/index.php?title=Araden&amp;diff=3961"/>
				<updated>2015-08-07T15:07:31Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;SunRise4ever: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox settlement&lt;br /&gt;
|official_name = Araden&lt;br /&gt;
|native_name = ܐܪܕܢ&lt;br /&gt;
|image_skyline= Araden2012.jpg|thumb&lt;br /&gt;
|image_flag = &lt;br /&gt;
|image_seal = &lt;br /&gt;
|image_map = &lt;br /&gt;
|map_caption =&lt;br /&gt;
|coordinates_region =  IQ&lt;br /&gt;
|subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]]&lt;br /&gt;
|subdivision_name =  [[flag|Iraq]]&lt;br /&gt;
|subdivision_type1 = Autonomous Region&lt;br /&gt;
|subdivision_name1 = [[Iraqi Kurdistan|Kurdistan]]&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://krg.org/articles/detail.asp?lngnr=12&amp;amp;smap=03010300&amp;amp;rnr=140&amp;amp;anr=23911 |title=Kurdistan Regional Government |publisher=KRG |date= |accessdate=2012-06-08}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|subdivision_type2 = [[Provinces of Iraq|Province]]&lt;br /&gt;
|subdivision_name2 = [[Dohuk Governorate|Dahuk]]&lt;br /&gt;
|established_title = &lt;br /&gt;
|established_date = &lt;br /&gt;
|government_type = Lijna, [[Committee]] &lt;br /&gt;
|leader_title = Mukhtar&lt;br /&gt;
|leader_name = Toma Gidde&lt;br /&gt;
|ethnic_groups = 22% ] 88% [[Chaldean people]]&lt;br /&gt;
|languages = [[Neo-Aramaic Languages|Neo-Aramaic]], [[Arabic]], [[Kurdish language|Kurdish]]&lt;br /&gt;
|area_magnitude = &lt;br /&gt;
|area_total_sq_mi =&lt;br /&gt;
|area_total_km2 = 18&lt;br /&gt;
|area_land_sq_mi =&lt;br /&gt;
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|population_as_of=&lt;br /&gt;
|population_footnotes = &lt;br /&gt;
|population_total = 200+ (estimate)&lt;br /&gt;
|population_urban = &lt;br /&gt;
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|population_density_sq_mi = &lt;br /&gt;
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|utc_offset_DST = &lt;br /&gt;
|latd=37 |latm=6 |lats=20.24 |latNS=N&lt;br /&gt;
|longd=43 |longm=19 |longs=6.68 |longEW=E&lt;br /&gt;
|coordinates_display = inline,title&lt;br /&gt;
|elevation_footnotes=&lt;br /&gt;
|elevation_m = 1723 &lt;br /&gt;
|elevation_ft = &lt;br /&gt;
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|area_code = &lt;br /&gt;
|website = {{URL|http://www.duhokgov.org/english//}}&lt;br /&gt;
|footnotes =&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Araden''' ([[Syriac language|Syriac]]: &amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;ܐܪܕܢ&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;) is an [[Chaldean people|Chaldean]] village in the northern [[Iraq]]i [[Governorates of Iraq|governorate]] of [[Dohuk Governorate|Dohuk]].  It is located approximately 20-30 kilometers (12–19 miles) east of the city of [[Zakho]]. The homes lie on the side of the mountain, but the land stretches over 18 kilometers. The village of Einishk lies a few miles to the east, and the [[Iraqi Kurdistan|Kurdish]] village of Bamerne is to the west, [[Sarsing]] can be seen to the south. The name ''Araden'' means &amp;quot;Land of Eden&amp;quot; in old [[Aramaic]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The inhabitants speak [[Neo-Aramaic Languages|Neo-Aramaic]] with an accent close to that of Old Aramaic.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Chaldean Catholic Church|Chaldean Catholicism]] is the dominant religion of the village. Two of the oldest churches in [[Christianity]], Mart Shmoni, and the church of [[Sultana Mahdokht]], established in 325 AD, are located in Araden, along with Libbat Isho, which was established in the 1980s. Today, there are more than 150 homes in the village.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Forestinaraden.jpg|thumb|A forest in Araden]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==People==&lt;br /&gt;
The villagers are Chaldeans who belong to the Chaldean Catholic Church and have inhabited the land for thousands of years. The village is relativity famous among its neighboring towns and villages for having many green-eyed and red haired people.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are three main families or tribes of this village, the Kasha family, the Rayes family, and the Sana family. It is believed that the three families originated from other villages and settled in Araden; yet, it is unclear when this settlement in Araden occurred. All houses however break up into different sub-houses. The head of the village was traditionally a Chaldean Bishop named Bishop Francis Daoud (the Chaldean Bishop of [[Amadiya (Chaldean Diocese)]]) and this status continues with the Bishop's lineage. Bishop Francis Daoud was born on October 14, 1870 and died on October 1, 1939. Bishop Daoud from Araden was the Bishop of [[Amadiya (Chaldean Diocese)]] from his confirmation on February 24, 1910 until his death on October 1, 1939. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bdavidf.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/damza.html &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Bishop Daoud was known for his bravery and leadership in saving the people of Araden and other Northern Iraqi villages, through bartering and negotiations with the Turks, during the Ottoman Turks 1915 genocide against Christians in Turkey and Iraq. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Before the 1959 [[Kurdish-Iraqi War]], land towards the summit of the mountain was granted by the heads of the village for [[Kurdish people|Kurdish]] refugees to live on during the Kurdish rebellions.  This brought about a second village in Araden called &amp;quot;Aradenlaya&amp;quot; where Kurdish families were hidden from the Iraqi military.  The military eventually caught on to the location during the first Kurdish-Iraqi War and bombed the village, disbursing the residents to other villages.  Today, those families are part of a new Kurdish town called Qadish, which lies about 7 kilometers east of Araden.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is a large community of people from Araden in [[Metro Detroit]] ([[Warren, Michigan|Warren]], [[Sterling Heights, Michigan|Sterling Heights]], and [[Troy, Michigan|Troy]]), [[Michigan]]. Every year the people of Araden gather on January 12, when there is a celebration for the saint [[Sultana Mahdokht]], called ''Shera''. This is a big event in the Chaldean community of Michigan, as the attendance is overwhelming. Also every year on 15 June, ''Aradnayeh'' get together in [[Shelby Charter Township, Michigan|Shelby Township]], for a large celebration at the [[Stony Creek Metropark]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Wildlife==&lt;br /&gt;
After the Iraqi Kurdish government rose, many environmental protection laws were passed in the region to help restore the wildlife to the way it was before the wars that took place.  Since then, the wildlife population has risen greatly due to better habitat conditions . [[Hedgehog]]s, [[frog]]s, [[boar]]s, [[fox]]es, [[bat]]s, [[bear]]s, and [[wolves]] are just some of the kinds of animals that inhabit the stretch of land.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Aradendeshta.jpg|thumb|The plains of lower Araden]] [[File:Araden Rainbow.jpg|thumb|Overlooking the eastern forest from the south side]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Most of the village is covered by fruit and nut bearing trees.  To the north, higher up on the mountain towards a region of the land called &amp;quot;Gozaneh&amp;quot;, large walnut trees grow around one of the springs that comes from the mountain.  [[Loquat]] trees grow on the land below Gozaneh, along with [[quince]], [[citron]], [[Orange (fruity)|orange]], [[apple]], and [[lemon]] trees. Around the residential lands, [[mulberry]], [[blackberry]], [[raspberry]], and [[plum]] trees grow towards the lower edge of the village. Down in the valley towards the church [[Sultana Mahdokht]], grows an abundance of [[pecan]] trees.  However the entire region of Araden is covered in [[almond]] trees.  The non fruit bearing trees include Cyprus, Cedar, Pine, Oak and spruce.  In recent years, the Kurdistan Regional Government has banned the cutting of trees without a license, so these trees are beginning to grow in abundance all over the region.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.zhenga.net/english/zhengaContent.php?pageType=babat&amp;amp;ID=9 |title=Environmental Protection &amp;amp; Improvement Board |publisher=Zhenga.net |date= |accessdate=2012-06-08}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== References ==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.araden.com www.araden.com]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Cities in Iraqi Kurdistan]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Populated places in Dohuk Province]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Chaldea]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Chaldean settlements]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>SunRise4ever</name></author>	</entry>

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