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‎Biography: Typo fix.

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{{Infobox person
| name = Abī-Ešuḫ
| image =
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| known =
| title = King of [[Babylon]]
| salary =
| term = 28 years; ca. 1648–1620 BC
| predecessor = [[Samsu-iluna]]
| successor = [[Ammi-Ditana|Ammī-ditāna]]
| boards =
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'''Abī-Ešuḫ''' (variants: m''a-bi-ši'',<ref group=i name=early>''Chronicle of Early Kings'', (ABC 20), Tablet B, reverse, lines 8 to 10.</ref> “Abiši”, m''E-bi-šum'',<ref group=i>''Babylonian King List B'', obverse line 8.</ref> “Ebišum”) was the 8th king of the 1st Dynasty of [[Babylon]] and reigned for 28 years from ca. 1648–1620 BC ([[short chronology]]) or 1711–1684 BC ([[Chronology of the ancient Near East#Variant Bronze Age chronologies|middle chronology]]).<ref>{{ cite book | title = Assyrian and Babylonian chronicles | author = Albert Kirk Grayson | publisher = J. J. Augustin | year = 1975 | page = 203 }}</ref> He was preceded by [[Samsu-iluna]], who was his father.

==Biography==

His exuberant titles included, “descendant of [[Sumu-la-El]], princely heir of Samsu-iluna, eternal seed of kingship, mighty king, king of Babylon, king of the land of Sumer and Akkad, king who makes the four quarters be at peace.” This was presumably achieved by his two aggressive military campaigns. His fourth year-name records that he subdued the army of the [[Kassites]].<ref group=i>Tablet BM 16998.</ref> The [[Chronicle of Early Kings]]<ref group=i name=early/> recalls his damming of the Tigris in a vain attempt to capture [[Ilum-ma-ili|Ilum-ma-ilī]], the founder of the [[Sealand Dynasty]]. A clay cylinder fragment<ref group=i>Ash. 1924.616.</ref> from [[Kish (Sumer)|Kiš]] is tentatively assigned to this king because the events it commemorates coincide with three of his year-names. It mentions the [[Tigris]] river (year “o” the damming of the Tigris), the Tigris gate (year “m” the ''ká-gal-i''7''idigna''), the fashioning of a mace for [[Marduk]] (year “g”) and digging of the Zubi canal (year “I”). He is described as “the great champion” in his son, [[Ammi-Ditana]]'s inscription,<ref group=i>Late Babylon copy on a tablet, BM 38308.</ref> and in the genealogy of his descendant [[Ammi-saduqa|Ammī-ṣaduqa]].<ref>JJ Finkelstein, JCS 20, 1966, p96, 27.</ref> The [[Elam]]ites under their king Kutir-nahhunte I raided into Babylonia early in his reign and sacked 30 cities.

Two copies of a building inscription<ref group=i>Tablets BM 38446 and BM 55472 + 40125.</ref> commemorate his construction activities at Luḫaia, a town founded by [[Hammurabi|Ḫammu-rāpi]] on the Araḫtum canal to the north of Babylon.<ref name=frayne>{{ cite book | title = Old Babylonian period (2003-1595 BC): Early Periods, Volume 4 (RIM The Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia) | author = Douglas Frayne | publisher = University of Toronto Press | year = 1990 | pages = 404–410 }}</ref> A single inscription exists found on an onyx eye stone dedicated to the goddess Ningal.<ref group=i>Eyestone, Ash. 1922.293.</ref>

He is richly attested in the cylinder seal impressions of his minions with one<ref group=i>On tablet MLC 2239 dated to year 20 of Ammī-ditāna, at [[Yale University|Yale]].</ref> of his servant, Lamānum, son of Bēl-kulla, another<ref group=i>On tablets YBC 8385 and YBC 5885 dated to Abī-Ešuḫ’s years “m” and “y,” at Yale.</ref> of Luštāmar-Adad, son of Mār-Sipparim, another<ref group=i>On tablet MLC 1539, at Yale.</ref> of Nabi’um-an[dasa], son of Ilšu-ib[nīšu], another<ref group=i>On tablet UMM 36, in the [[Manchester Museum|University Museum of Manchester]].</ref> … son of Awīl-…, another<ref group=i>Cylinder seal VA 3242, in Berlin.</ref> Ilšu-nāṣir, diviner, son of Marduk-nāṣir, another a copy<ref group=i>Cylinder seal BM 89101, in the [[British Museum]].</ref> Iddin-Šamaš, sanga priest of the goddess Ninisina, son of Ku-Ninisina, and another<ref group=i>Cylinder seal in the Lands of the Bible Archaeology Foundation.</ref> overseer of the merchants, Sīn-iddina[m] son of Šērum-bān[i].<ref name=frayne/> The ''Uruk List of Kings and Sages''<ref group=i>W 20030,7 the Seleucid ''List of Sages and Scholars,'' recovered from Anu’s Bīt Rēš temple during the 1959/60 excavation.</ref> records that “during the reign of Abī-ešuḫ, the king, Gimil-Gula and Taqis-Gula were the scholars.”.<ref>{{ cite journal | title = The Uruk List of Kings and Sages and Late Mesopotamian Scholarship | author = Alan Lenzi | journal = Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions | volume = 8 | number = 2 | year = 2008 | pages = 137–169 | doi=10.1163/156921208786611764}}</ref>

==External links==
*[http://cdli.ucla.edu/tools/yearnames/HTML/T12K8.htm Abī-Ešuḫ year-names at CDLI.]
*[http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/etcsl.cgi?text=t.2.8.5.1# A hymn to Marduk for Abī-Ešuḫ at ETCSL.]
*[http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/etcsl.cgi?text=t.2.8.5.a# A praise poem of Abī-Ešuḫ at ETCSL.]

==Inscriptions==

<references group="i"/>

==References==

{{Reflist}}

{{Babylonian kings}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Abi-Eshuh}}
[[Category:Babylonian kings]]
[[Category:17th-century BC rulers]]

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BlackcurrantTea: /* Biography */ Typo fix.