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DrKay: resolving template merge conflict [different parameters with the same name] using AWB

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resolving template merge conflict [different parameters with the same name] using AWB

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{{Infobox monarch
| name = Adad-šuma-iddina
| title = [[List of kings of Babylon|King of Babylon]]
| image = BM 90827.jpg
| caption = Kudurru of the time of [[Meli-Shipak II|Meli-Šipak]], referring to decisions in the reigns of Adad-šum-iddina and [[Adad-shuma-usur|Adad-šuma-uṣur]].<ref group=i name=kudurru>BM 90827, BBSt. No. 3 vi 29.</ref>
| reign = ca. 1222–1217 BC
| coronation =
| predecessor = [[Kadashman-Harbe II|Kadašman-Ḫarbe II]]
| successor = [[Adad-shuma-usur|Adad-šuma-uṣur]]
| spouse =
| royal house = [[Kassites|Kassite]]
| father =
| mother =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| buried =}}

'''Adad-šuma-iddina''', inscribed mdIM-MU-SUM''-na'',<ref name=brinkman>{{ cite book | title = Materials for the Study of Kassite History, Vol. I (MSKH I) | author = J. A. Brinkman | chapter = Adad-šuma-iddina | publisher = The Oriental Institute, Chicago | year = 1976 | pages = 87–88 }}</ref> ("Adad has given a name"<ref name=pna>{{ cite book | title = The Prosopography of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, Volume 1, Part I: A | author = S. Cole | editor = K. Radner | publisher = The Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project | year = 1998 | page = 37 }}</ref>) and dated to around ca. 1222–1217 BC ([[short chronology]]), was the 31st king of the 3rd or [[Kassites|Kassite]] dynasty of [[Babylon]]<ref group=i name=kla>''Kinglist A'', BM 33332, ii 10.</ref> and the country contemporarily known as [[Karduniaš]]. He reigned for 6 years some time during the period following the conquest of Babylonia by the [[Assyria]]n king, [[Tukulti-Ninurta I]], and has been identified as a vassal king by several historians, a position which is not directly supported by any contemporary evidence.

==Biography==

In many respects, the reign of Adad-šuma-iddina was indistinguishable from other Kassite monarchs. The same iconography of a suckling animal, a characteristic metaphor for the Kassite king’s care for his subjects, is used on a light green and white quartz cylinder seal<ref group=i>Sale 9828, Christies, New York, 11 June 2001.</ref> of one of his servants. It reads: "Kidin-Ninurta, administrator for [[Enlil]] and [[Ninlil]], chief cup-bearer for Enlil, chief exorcist of (the temple) Ekurra, exalted exorcist of Adad-šuma-iddina, king of the world, anointed one, butler, the ....., and the ....., son of Ilum-bun[aya], descendant (?) of Amel-....., exalted exorcist of Enlil, the man of ....." A weight<ref group=i>MS 2481 Weight.</ref> is inscribed: “1 true mina, of Adad-šuma-iddina, son of priest-of-[[Adad]]” which may be this individual, as regnal inscriptions were often used to authenticate such measures.

Two or three legal texts<ref group=i>Tablets U 7787b, U 7787l and perhaps U 7789n, an undated legal text sharing the same witnesses.</ref> from the archive of the family of Dayyanatu and some other brewers of the temple of [[Sin (mythology)|Sîn]]<ref>{{ cite book | title = Archives and Libraries in the Ancient Near East 1500–300 BC | author = Olof Pedersén | publisher = CDL Press | year = 1998 | page = 118 }}</ref> in [[Ur]] have come to light dated to his accession year.<ref name=brinkman/> One is an adoption contract which warns the "kith or kin whoever lays a claim for the boy, they shall deal with him according to the order of King Adad-šuma-iddina (''rikilti šarri Adad-šuma-iddina''); they shall drive a copper peg into his mouth." The [[estate of Takil-ana-ilīšu kudurru]], a [[kudurru]]<ref group=i name=kudurru/> of Meli-Šipak, relates the lengthy history of litigation affecting a family estate over three reigns beginning with that of Adad-šuma-iddina.<ref>{{ cite book | title = Babylonian Boundary Stones and Memorial-Tablets in the British Museum | author = L. W. King | year = 1912 | publisher = British Museum | pages = 7–18 }}</ref> It begins with Takil-ana-ilīšu dying intestate, his son being illegitimate, and then proceeds with the tale of the relatives’ rival claims and the legal mayhem that ensues.<ref>{{ cite book | title = Property and the family in biblical law | author = Raymond Westbrook | publisher = Sheffield Academic Press | year = 2009 | pages = 98–100 }}</ref> Although considered a puppet of Tukulti-Ninurta by many modern historians, this case shows his decisions were honored by later kings.<ref name=brinkman/>

The Assyrian ''Synchronistic King List'' <ref group=i>''Synchronistic King List A. 117'' (KAV 216), Ass. 14616c, ii 5–6 ? (restored).</ref> is damaged in the part where one would suppose he appear and could possibly be restored on any of the first six lines of column two, as a contemporary of Tukulti-Ninurta or his immediate successors. Babylon, again felt the predations of the [[Elam]]ites under Kidin-Hutran, who seized the city of [[Isin]] and crossed the [[Tigris]], and laid waste to [[Marad]].<ref>{{ cite book | title = A political history of post-Kassite Babylonia, 1158-722 B.C. | author = J. A. Brinkman | publisher = Analecta Orientalia | year = 1968 | pages = 86–87 }}</ref> A late chronicle recalls:

{{quotation|At the time of Adad-šuma-iddina, Kidin-Ḫudrudiš returned and attacked Akkad a second time. 
[...] he destroyed Isin, crossed the Tigris, all of 
[...] Maradda. A terrible defeat of an extensive people 
he brought about. [...] and with oxen [...] 
[...] he removed to wasteland [...] 
[...]|[[Chronicle P]]|iv 17–22<ref group=i>''Chronicle P'' (ABC 22), BM 92701, iv 17-22,</ref> }}

Whether it was directly due to the actions of the Elamites or due to internal pressures following his inability to effectively counter their invasion, the outcome was that his regime was deposed. It is unclear if the seven-year period of Tukulti-Ninurta’s rule preceded or followed his, or whether his reign is counted amongst the years of Assyrian governorship. The rise of [[Adad-shuma-usur|Adad-šuma-uṣur]], as a focal point for anti-Assyrian sentiment, may have taken place at this time, as suggested by the ''King List A'',<ref group=i name=kla/> or may have preceded his reign as a movement in the south as described in the ''Walker Chronicle''.<ref group=i>''Walker Chronicle'', BM 27796.</ref><ref>{{ cite book | title = Assyriological Studies presented to F. R. Kraus on the occasion of his 70th birthday | chapter = Babylonian Chronicle 25: A Chronicle of the Kassite and Isin II Dynasties | author = C.B.F. Walker | location = London | editor = C. Van Driel | publisher = Netherlands Institute for the Near East | date = May 1982 | page = 404 }}</ref>

Middle Assyrian texts recovered at modern Tell Sheikh Hamad, ancient [[Dūr-Katlimmu]], which was the regional capital of the vassal Ḫanigalbat, include a letter<ref group=i>Text DeZ 3490.</ref> from Tukulti-Ninurta to his ''sukkal rabi’u'', or grand vizier, Aššur-iddin advising him of the approach of Šulman-mušabši escorting a Kassite king, his wife, and his retinue which incorporated a large number of women.<ref>{{ cite book | title = Dūr-Katlimmu 2008 and beyond | chapter = Production and Consumption at Dūr-Katlimmu: A Survey of the Evidence | author = Frederick Mario Fales | editor = Hartmut Kühne | publisher = Harrassowitz Verlag | year = 2010 | page = 82 }}</ref> The text gives no indication of which king was expected, however the care taken over the arrangements would suggest the reception of an ally or perhaps a loyal vassal being assisted into exile following the collapse of his rule. The journey to Dūr-Katlimmu seems to have traveled via Jezireh.<ref>{{ cite book | title = Essays on ancient Anatolia in the second millennium B.C. | chapter = Tall Šēḫ Ḥamad - The Assyrian City of Dūr-Katlimmu: A Historic-Geographic Approach | author = Hartmut Kühne | editor = Prince Mikasa no Miya Takahito | publisher = Harrassowitz | year = 1999 | page = 282 }}</ref> A second letter<ref group=i>Text DeZ 4022.</ref> dated to 24th day of the month of Ša-kenate in the year of the [[Eponym dating system|eponym]] Ina-Aššur-šumi-aṣbat, mentions that the king of Assyria was himself heading for Dur-Katlimmu, perhaps four days later if the earlier letter’s date can be restored accordingly.

Although his name was not an uncommon one over the millennia,<ref name=pna/> it is tempting to identify him with an individual of the same time. A letter from [[Tell Sabi Abyad]], the ''dunnu'' or fort of the grand vizier, details the arrangement of a bribe to Aššur-iddin and mentions someone with the name of Adad-šuma-iddina as the unwelcome recipient of a widow’s legacy:

{{quotation|Damqat-Tašmetu, daughter of Sin-šuma-usur, wife of Sigelda, son of Irrigi, from the town Šuadikanni, owes one uncastrated male adult to [the governor] Aššur-iddin, son of Qibi-Aššur. This male is his gift; he [Aššur-iddin] will receive his gift, when he [Aššur-iddin] has treated her [Damqat-Tašmetu’s] case which concerns her [deceased] husband’s serfs that must not be given to Adad-šuma-iddina.<ref>{{ cite book | title = Mappae Mundi: Humans and their Habitats in a Long-Term Socio-Ecological Perspective: Myths, Maps and Models | author = Bert de Vries | editor = Johan Goudsblom, Bert de Vries | publisher = Amsterdam University Press | year = 2003 | page = 200 }}</ref>|Letter to Aššur-iddin}}

The literary work known as the ''Šulgi Prophecy'',<ref group=i>''Šulgi Prophecy'', tablets K. 4445, K. 4495 + 4541 + 15508, and VAT 1404.</ref> named for the prominent king of the Ur III period, may have its description of a crisis as its subject matter the events of his reign.<ref name=brinkman/> The text is fragmentary and the events could equally be ascribed to his predecessor [[Kashtiliashu IV|Kaštiliašu IV]] or later successor [[Marduk-nadin-ahhe|Marduk-nādin-aḫḫē]].<ref name=longman>{{ cite book | title = Fictional Akkadian autobiography: a generic and comparative study | author = Tremper Longman | publisher = Eisenbrauns | date = July 1, 1990 | pages = 145–146 }}</ref>

==Inscriptions==

<references group="i"/>

==References==

{{Reflist}}

{{Babylonian kings}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Adad-shuma-iddina}}
[[Category:Babylonian kings]]
[[Category:Kassite kings]]
[[Category:13th-century BC rulers]]

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