Amadiya - Revision history

Chaldean at 15:14, 19 November 2023

2023-11-19T15:14:20Z

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2015-04-17T18:20:46Z

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{{for|the Ahmadi religious movement|Ahmadiyya}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Amadiya
|nickname =
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|image_skyline = 173606 The picturesque village of Amedye, Iraq in 2009.jpg
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|image_caption = Amadiya bird's eye view
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|established_title = Founded
|established_date = Before 3000 B.C.
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'''Amadiya''' ({{lang-ku|Amêdî}}, {{lang-ar|اميدي}}, ''Amediyah''), is a town along a tributary to the [[Great Zab]] in the [[Dohuk Governorate|Dahuk Governorate]] of [[Iraqi Kurdistan]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Naval Intelligence Division|title=Iraq and the Persian Gulf|year=1944|series=Geographical Handbook Series|oclc=1077604}}</ref> The city is situated {{convert|4600|ft|m}} above sea level.

==History==
The history of this city goes back at least to ancient [[Assyria]], and was an [[Assyrian people|Assyrian]] city known as [[Amedi]] from the 25th century BC until the end of the 7th century BC. Subsequent to this it was a part of [[Achaemenid Assyria]], [[Seleucid]] Assyria, [[Assyria (Roman province)]] and [[Parthian Empire|Parthian]] and [[Sassanid]] ruled Assyria ([[Athura]]/[[Assuristan]]) until its dissolution in the mid 7th century AD.<ref>http://www.livius.org/li-ln/limmu/limmu_1c.html</ref> It has always been a strategic place as it is built on the flat top of a mountain.<ref name="DabrowskaHann2008">{{cite book|author1=Karen Dabrowska|author2=Geoff Hann|title=Iraq Then and Now: A Guide to the Country and Its People|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=DhJ3lRnXyXcC&pg=PA177|year=2008|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides|isbn=978-1-84162-243-9|pages=177–}}</ref><ref>http://www.theotheriraqtours.com/place/amadiya</ref> For several centuries, after the expulsion of the [[caliphs]] from Baghdad, it was ruled by a [[pasha]], a prince who was from the royal [[Abbasid|Abbas]] family, reputed to be one of the richest rulers in the region.<ref>{{cite book |title= A New and Comprehensive gazetteer, Volume 1 |publisher=T. Kelly |last=Wright |first=George Newenham |authorlink=George Newenham Wright |year=1834 |url= http://books.google.fr/books?id=CSMDAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA141&lpg=PA141 |accessdate=2009-09-12}}</ref>

The region in which the city rests is also believed to have been the home of the [[Magi]] or priests of [[Persian Empire|Persian]]-ruled [[Assyria]]. Amedia is believed to be the home of some of the most significant [[Magi]] priests, the [[Biblical Magi]] or the "[[Three Wise Men]]", who made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem to see Jesus Christ shortly after his birth.<ref>Bailey, Betty Jane. Who are the Christians in the Middle East? Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company (May 2003)</ref>

Amadiya was the birthplace of the pseudo-Messiah, [[David Alroy]] ([[floruit|fl.]] 1160). In 1163, according to [[Joseph ha-Kohen]]'s "'Emeḳ ha-Baka", the Jewish population numbered about a thousand families and traded in [[gall#Uses|gall-nuts]]. Alroy led a revolt against the city but was apparently defeated and killed in the process.<ref>{{cite web|title= Jewish Encyclopedia|year=1906|url= http://jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?letter=A&artid=1348|accessdate=2009-09-12}}</ref>
The Spanish Jewish historian [[Solomon Ibn Verga|R. Schlomo Ibn Verga]] (1450–1525) portrayed the Jewish community of Amedia at the time of Alroy as wealthy and contented.<ref>{{cite book|title= The Jewish Messiahs: From the Galilee to Crown Heights |year=1906|last=Lenowitz|first=Harris|url= http://books.google.fr/books?id=PLyb3zV8OmgC&pg=PA81&lpg=PA81|accessdate=2009-09-12}}</ref>

Amedi was the seat of the semi-autonomous [[Bahdinan|Badinan Emirate]], which lasted from 1376 to 1843. At the turn of the 19th century, the population already numbered 6,000, of whom 2,500 were [[Kurds]], 1,900 [[Jews]] and 1,600 [[Assyrian people|Assyrians]]. There are ruins from the [[Assyria]]n era and ruins of a [[synagogue]] and a church in the small town.<ref name="newadvent">{{cite web|title= Catholic Encyclopaedia|publisher=Appleton|year=1907|url= http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01376a.htm|accessdate=2009-09-12}}</ref>

==Geography==
The town is perched on a mountain, formerly only accessible by a narrow stairway cut into the rock. Amedia has a well-integrated community of Christian [[Assyrian people|Assyrians]] and Muslim [[Kurdish people|Kurds]] that share the city and local social events.

Although Amedia is just {{convert|10+1/2|mi|km}} from the Turkish border across the ''Beshesh Mountains'', the only [[List of border crossings of Turkey|border crossing into Turkey]] is now at [[Ibrahim Khalil border]] on the road Amedia - [[Duhok, Iraq|Dohuk]] - [[Zakho]], {{convert|56|mi|km}} away. There was formerly a border crossing at ''Habur''.

Proximity to the border means that at the current time, the Turkish army has an unofficial military presence within the town, despite being deep within the Autonomous Kurdish region of Iraq. The town is {{convert|1100|yd|m}} long and {{convert|550|yd|m}} wide. It houses 6,000 citizens in almost 1,200 houses.{{citation needed|date=January 2011}}

===Climate===
{{Weather box
|location = Amadiya
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan high C = 8
|Feb high C = 10
|Mar high C = 15
|Apr high C = 21
|May high C = 27
|Jun high C = 31
|Jul high C = 33
|Aug high C = 27
|Sep high C = 23
|Oct high C = 20
|Nov high C = 13
|Dec high C = 10
|year high C =
|Jan low C = 2
|Feb low C = 3
|Mar low C = 8
|Apr low C = 12
|May low C = 17
|Jun low C = 19
|Jul low C = 23
|Aug low C = 22
|Sep low C = 17
|Oct low C = 14
|Nov low C = 8
|Dec low C = 4
|year low C =
|Jan precipitation mm = 39
|Feb precipitation mm = 75
|Mar precipitation mm = 57
|Apr precipitation mm = 45
|May precipitation mm = 21
|Jun precipitation mm =trace
|Jul precipitation mm = 0
|Aug precipitation mm = 0
|Sep precipitation mm =trace
|Oct precipitation mm = 21
|Nov precipitation mm = 60
|Dec precipitation mm = 72
|year precipitation mm = 390
|Jan precipitation days = 7
|Feb precipitation days = 6
|Mar precipitation days = 10
|Apr precipitation days = 8
|May precipitation days = 4
|Jun precipitation days = 1
|Jul precipitation days = 0
|Aug precipitation days = 0
|Sep precipitation days = 1
|Oct precipitation days = 7
|Nov precipitation days = 7
|Dec precipitation days = 10
|year precipitation days =
|source 1 = <ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.worldweatheronline.com/v2/weather-averages.aspx?q=Amedi,%20Iraq
| publisher = World Weather Online |title = Weather averages for Amadiya |accessdate = September 6, 2014}}</ref>
|date= September 2014
}}

==Gallery==
<gallery>
Image:Amadiya gate 1994.jpg
Image:Amedi From Badinan Gate.jpg
[[File:skola.jpg]]
Badinan-Gate-Amedia-Iraq-August-2009.jpg

</gallery>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Districts of Iraq}}

[[Category:Cities in Iraqi Kurdistan]]
[[Category:Amadiya]]
[[Category:Kurdish settlements]]
[[Category:Assyrian settlements]]
[[Category:Assyria]]
[[Category:Populated places in Dohuk Province]]
[[Category:Jewish Iraqi history]]
[[Category:District capitals of Iraq]]

@@ Line 105: / Line 105: @@
 ==History==
-The history of this city goes back at least to ancient [[Assyria]], and was an [[Assyrian people|Assyrian]] city known as [[Amedi]] from the 25th century BC until the end of the 7th century BC. Subsequent to this it was a part of [[Achaemenid Assyria]], [[Seleucid]] Assyria, [[Assyria (Roman province)]] and [[Parthian Empire|Parthian]] and [[Sassanid]] ruled Assyria ([[Athura]]/[[Assuristan]])  until its dissolution in the mid 7th century AD.<ref>http://www.livius.org/li-ln/limmu/limmu_1c.html</ref> It has always been a strategic place as it is built on the flat top of a mountain.<ref name="DabrowskaHann2008">{{cite book|author1=Karen Dabrowska|author2=Geoff Hann|title=Iraq Then and Now: A Guide to the Country and Its People|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=DhJ3lRnXyXcC&pg=PA177|year=2008|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides|isbn=978-1-84162-243-9|pages=177–}}</ref><ref>http://www.theotheriraqtours.com/place/amadiya</ref> For several centuries, after the expulsion of the [[caliphs]] from Baghdad, it was ruled by a [[pasha]], a prince who was from the royal [[Abbasid|Abbas]] family, reputed to be one of the richest rulers in the region.<ref>{{cite book |title= A New and Comprehensive gazetteer, Volume 1 |publisher=T. Kelly |last=Wright |first=George Newenham |authorlink=George Newenham Wright |year=1834 |url= http://books.google.fr/books?id=CSMDAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA141&lpg=PA141 |accessdate=2009-09-12}}</ref>
+The history of this city goes back at least to ancient [[Chaldea]], and was an [[Chaldean people|Chaldean]] city known as [[Amedi]] from the 25th century BC until the end of the 7th century BC. Subsequent to this it was a part of [[Achaemenid Chaldea]], [[Seleucid]] Chaldea, [[Chaldea (Roman province)]] and [[Parthian Empire|Parthian]] and [[Sassanid]] ruled Chaldea ([[Athura]]/[[Assuristan]])  until its dissolution in the mid 7th century AD.<ref>http://www.livius.org/li-ln/limmu/limmu_1c.html</ref> It has always been a strategic place as it is built on the flat top of a mountain.<ref name="DabrowskaHann2008">{{cite book|author1=Karen Dabrowska|author2=Geoff Hann|title=Iraq Then and Now: A Guide to the Country and Its People|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=DhJ3lRnXyXcC&pg=PA177|year=2008|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides|isbn=978-1-84162-243-9|pages=177–}}</ref><ref>http://www.theotheriraqtours.com/place/amadiya</ref> For several centuries, after the expulsion of the [[caliphs]] from Baghdad, it was ruled by a [[pasha]], a prince who was from the royal [[Abbasid|Abbas]] family, reputed to be one of the richest rulers in the region.<ref>{{cite book |title= A New and Comprehensive gazetteer, Volume 1 |publisher=T. Kelly |last=Wright |first=George Newenham |authorlink=George Newenham Wright |year=1834 |url= http://books.google.fr/books?id=CSMDAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA141&lpg=PA141 |accessdate=2009-09-12}}</ref>
-The region in which the city rests is also believed to have been the home of the [[Magi]] or priests of [[Persian Empire|Persian]]-ruled [[Assyria]]. Amedia is believed to be the home of some of the most significant [[Magi]] priests, the [[Biblical Magi]] or the "[[Three Wise Men]]", who made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem to see Jesus Christ shortly after his birth.<ref>Bailey, Betty Jane. Who are the Christians in the Middle East? Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company (May 2003)</ref>
+The region in which the city rests is also believed to have been the home of the [[Magi]] or priests of [[Persian Empire|Persian]]-ruled [[Babylon]]. Amedia is believed to be the home of some of the most significant [[Magi]] priests, the [[Biblical Magi]] or the "[[Three Wise Men]]", who made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem to see Jesus Christ shortly after his birth.<ref>Bailey, Betty Jane. Who are the Christians in the Middle East? Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company (May 2003)</ref>
 Amadiya was the birthplace of the pseudo-Messiah, [[David Alroy]] ([[floruit|fl.]] 1160). In 1163, according to [[Joseph ha-Kohen]]'s "'Emeḳ ha-Baka", the Jewish population numbered about a thousand families and traded in [[gall#Uses|gall-nuts]]. Alroy led a revolt against the city but was apparently defeated and killed in the process.<ref>{{cite web|title= Jewish Encyclopedia|year=1906|url= http://jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?letter=A&artid=1348|accessdate=2009-09-12}}</ref>
 The Spanish Jewish historian [[Solomon Ibn Verga|R. Schlomo Ibn Verga]] (1450–1525) portrayed the Jewish community of Amedia at the time of Alroy as wealthy and contented.<ref>{{cite book|title= The Jewish Messiahs: From the Galilee to Crown Heights |year=1906|last=Lenowitz|first=Harris|url= http://books.google.fr/books?id=PLyb3zV8OmgC&pg=PA81&lpg=PA81|accessdate=2009-09-12}}</ref>
-Amedi was the seat of the semi-autonomous [[Bahdinan|Badinan Emirate]], which lasted from 1376 to 1843. At the turn of the 19th century, the population already numbered 6,000, of whom 2,500 were [[Kurds]], 1,900 [[Jews]] and 1,600 [[Assyrian people|Assyrians]]. There are ruins from the [[Assyria]]n era and ruins of a [[synagogue]] and a church in the small town.<ref name="newadvent">{{cite web|title= Catholic Encyclopaedia|publisher=Appleton|year=1907|url= http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01376a.htm|accessdate=2009-09-12}}</ref>
+Amedi was the seat of the semi-autonomous [[Bahdinan|Badinan Emirate]], which lasted from 1376 to 1843. At the turn of the 19th century, the population already numbered 6,000, of whom 2,500 were [[Kurds]], 1,900 [[Jews]] and 1,600 [[Chaldean people|AChaldeans]]. There are ruins from the [[Chaldea]]n era and ruins of a [[synagogue]] and a church in the small town.<ref name="newadvent">{{cite web|title= Catholic Encyclopaedia|publisher=Appleton|year=1907|url= http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01376a.htm|accessdate=2009-09-12}}</ref>
 ==Geography==
-The town is perched on a mountain, formerly only accessible by a narrow stairway cut into the rock. Amedia has a well-integrated community of Christian [[Assyrian people|Assyrians]] and Muslim [[Kurdish people|Kurds]] that share the city and local social events.
+The town is perched on a mountain, formerly only accessible by a narrow stairway cut into the rock. Amedia has a well-integrated community of Christian [[Chaldean people|Chaldeans]] and Muslim [[Kurdish people|Kurds]] that share the city and local social events.
 Although Amedia is just {{convert|10+1/2|mi|km}} from the Turkish border across the ''Beshesh Mountains'', the only [[List of border crossings of Turkey|border crossing into Turkey]] is now at [[Ibrahim Khalil border]] on the road Amedia - [[Duhok, Iraq|Dohuk]] - [[Zakho]], {{convert|56|mi|km}} away. There was formerly a border crossing at ''Habur''.
@@ Line 201: / Line 201: @@
 [[Category:Amadiya]]
 [[Category:Kurdish settlements]]
-[[Category:Assyrian settlements]]
+[[Category:Chaldean settlements]]
-[[Category:Assyria]]
+[[Category:Chaldea]]
 [[Category:Populated places in Dohuk Province]]
 [[Category:Jewish Iraqi history]]
 [[Category:District capitals of Iraq]]