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{{Infobox monarch
| name = Burna-Buriyåš I
| title = [[List of kings of Babylon|King of Babylon]]
| image=
| caption =
| reign = ca. 1500 BC
| coronation =
| predecessor = ? [[Agum II]]
| successor = [[Kashtiliash III|Kaštiliašu]] or [[Ulamburiash|Ulam Buriaš]]
| spouse =
| royal house = [[Kassites|Kassite]]
| father =
| mother =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| buried =}}

'''Burna-Buriyåš I''',<ref group=nb>For example, inscribed ''Bur-na-Bu-ra-ri-ia-aš'' in a votive inscription of Ula-Burariaš or restored as ''m[Bur-na-B] [ur]–[x-(y)-áš]'' in tablet A.117.</ref> meaning ''servant of the Lord of the lands'', was the first [[Kassites|Kassite]] who really ruled over Babylonia, possibly the first to occupy the city of Babylon proper around 1500 BC, culminating a century of creeping encroachment by the Kassite tribes.<ref>{{ cite book | title = World and Its Peoples | author = A. Livingstone | publisher = Marshall Cavendish Corporation | year = 2006 | page = 174 }}</ref> He was the 10th king of this dynasty to be listed on the [[Assyria]]n ''Synchronistic Kinglist''.<ref group=i name=skl>A neo-Assyrian ''Synchronistic Kinglist'', A.117, excavation reference Assur 14616c, in the Assur collection of the [[Istanbul Archaeology Museums|İstanbul Arkeoloji Műzeleri]].</ref>

==Biography==

At about 1500 BC, Burna-Buriyåš concluded a treaty with [[Puzur-Ashur III|Puzur-Aššur III]] of Assyria, then a small vassal to the [[Mitanni]], taking an oath (or ''itmûma''<ref>{{ cite book | title = Admonition and Curse: The Ancient Near Eastern Treaty/Covenant Form as a Problem in Inter-Cultural Relationships | author = Noel Weeks | publisher = T&T Clark Int'l | year = 2004 | page = 33 }}</ref>) to delineate the border between their kingdoms.<ref group=nb>m''Pu-zur-[[aš (cuneiform)|Aš]]-šur šar''4 kur''[[aš (cuneiform)|Aš]]-šur [[ù (cuneiform)|ù]]'' m''Bur-na-bur-[[ia (cuneiform)|ia]]-áš šar''4 kur''Kar-du-ni-áš it-mu-[[ma (cuneiform)|ma]] mi-iṣ-[[ri (cuneiform)|ri]] ta-ḫu-mu an-na-[[ma (cuneiform)|ma]] ú-ki-[[nu (cuneiform)|nu]]''.</ref> The ''Synchronistic Chronicle''<ref group=i>''Synchronistic Chronicle'' (ABC 21), tablet K4401a, column 1, lines 5 - 7.</ref> places this episode after the treaty between [[Karaindash|Karaindaš]] and Assyrian king [[Ashur-bel-nisheshu|Aššur-bêl-nišešu]], but there is no known Puzur-Aššur after him on any of the copies of the ''Assyrian Kinglist'' which led Röllig to conclude that a later scribe had confused Burna-Buriyåš with his name-sake, [[Burna-Buriash II|Burna-Buriaš II]].<ref>{{ cite book | title = Assyrian and Babylonian chronicles | chapter = Chronicle 21 | author = A. K. Grayson | publisher = J. J. Augustin | year = 1975 | page = 158 }}</ref> The ''Synchronistic Kinglist''<ref group=i name=skl/> names one Burna-Buriyåš as the 10th Kassite ruler and a contemporary of [[Ishme-Dagan II|Išme-Dagan II]], who is separated from Puzur-Aššur III by 42 regnal years. This might suggest that there were two early Burna-Buriyaš’, one contemporary with Puzur-Aššur III and one roughly contemporary with Išme-Dagan II, if this late Assyrian tablet were to be considered a reliable source in this respect. It does, however, take some significant liberties with chronology in other places.<ref>{{ cite book | title = Mesopotamian Dark Age Revisited | chapter = Babylonian chronology of the second half of the second millennium BC | author = Leonhard Sassmannshausen | editors = Hermann Hunger and Regine Pruzsinszky | location = Vienna | year = 2004 | page = 63 }}</ref> A fragmentary clay cone or cylinder<ref group=i>Clay cone/cylinder UM 55-21-62 (2 NT 356)</ref> apparently recording a land grant, recovered from excavation in Nippur during the 1949–50 season, may date to his reign based upon the reconstruction of his name on line 5 and the paleography of the cuneiform.<ref>{{ cite journal | title = Ein Ungewöhnliches mittelbabylonisches Urkundenfragment aus Nippur | author = L. Sassmannshausen | journal = Baghdader Mitteilungen | year = 1994 | pages = 447–457 }}</ref> If correctly identified, it would make this ''[[kudurru]]'' or ''narû ša ḫaṣbi'', “memorial clay-stele”, the oldest exemplar of this genre of public memorial.<ref>{{ cite journal | title = Babylonian Royal Land Grants, Memorials of Financial Interest, and Invocation of the Divine | author = J. A. Brinkman | journal = Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient | volume = 49 | issue = 1 | year = 2006 | jstor = 25165127 | page = 25 | doi=10.1163/156852006776207242}}</ref>

Burna-Buriyåš may have been succeeded by his son [[Kashtiliash III|Kaštiliašu III]], but the evidence supporting this son’s kingship is rather circumstantial. He was also father of [[Ulamburiash|Ulam-Buriyåš]], as commemorated on an [[onyx]] weight, in the shape of a frog, with a cuneiform inscription, “1 shekel, Ulam Buriaš, ''son of Burna Buriaš'',” which was found in a large burial, during excavations of the site of the ancient city of [[Metsamor]].<ref>{{ cite journal | title = Babylonian Weight from the Sixteenth Century b.c. with Cuneiform Inscription from the Metsamor Excavations |author1=E. V. Khanzadian |author2=G. Kh. Sarkisian |author3=I. M. Diakonoff | journal = Anthropology & Archeology of Eurasia | volume = 30| issue = 4 | date = Spring 1992 | pages = 75–83 | doi=10.2753/aae1061-1959300475}}</ref> It was this son who apparently led a successful invasion of the Sealand, a region of Southern Mesopotamia synonymous with [[Sumer]], and made himself “master of the land”.<ref group=i>''Chronicle of Early Kings'' (ABC 20) BM 96152, tablet B, reverse, lines 12 through 14.</ref> Also, a [[serpentinite|serpentine]] or [[diorite]] mace head<ref group=i>Blackish-green knob BE 6405.</ref> or possibly door knob found in Babylon, is engraved with a votive inscription of Ulaburariaš, ''son of Burna-Buriaš'', “King of Sealand”.<ref>{{ cite journal | author = B. Landsberger | journal = JCS | issue = 8 | year = 1954 | pages = 70–71 }} n. 182</ref>

==Inscriptions==

<references group="i"/>

==Notes==

<references group="nb"/>

==References==

{{Reflist}}

{{Babylonian kings}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Burna-Buriash I}}
[[Category:Babylonian kings]]
[[Category:Kassite kings]]
[[Category:16th-century BC rulers]]

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