Chaldean genocide - Revision history

Chaldean at 13:54, 19 November 2023

2023-11-19T13:54:52Z

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SunRise4ever at 00:36, 19 July 2015

2015-07-19T00:36:15Z

SunRise4ever at 00:33, 19 July 2015

2015-07-19T00:33:49Z

SunRise4ever at 00:24, 19 July 2015

2015-07-19T00:24:06Z

SunRise4ever at 23:59, 18 July 2015

2015-07-18T23:59:15Z

SunRise4ever at 23:34, 18 July 2015

2015-07-18T23:34:16Z

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Chaldean: /* Terminology */

2015-05-06T00:49:35Z

‎Terminology

Ian: assyrian clean up, replaced: Assyrian → Chaldean

2015-05-03T15:28:49Z

assyrian clean up, replaced: Assyrian → Chaldean

Ian: /* Recognition */

2015-04-08T02:32:19Z

‎Recognition

Ian: /* Death toll */

2015-04-08T02:30:23Z

‎Death toll

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 * [[Simele massacre]]
 * ''[[The Last Chaldeans]]''
 ==Notes==

@@ Line 275: / Line 275: @@
 ==Documented accounts of the genocide==
 [[File:2015 Chaldean Genocide Article.png|thumb|2015 Chaldean Genocide Article]]
-[[File:Chaldean Genocide Memorial, Belgium.JPG|thumb|Chaldean Genocide Memorial of 1915, Belgium]]
+[[File:2015 Chaldean Genocide UK Report.png|thumb|Religious leaders say persecution of Iraqi Christians (Chaldeans) has become genocide in 2014 and 2015]]
 Chaldeans in what is now Turkey primarily lived in the provinces of [[Hakkari]], [[Şırnak]], and [[Mardin]]. These areas also had a sizable [[Kurdish people|Kurdish]] population.

@@ Line 319: / Line 319: @@
 ==Recognition==
-[[File:Assyrianmonument.JPG|thumb|150ppx|Genocide monument in Paris, France]]
+[[File:Chaldean Genocide 2014 and 2015.jpg|thumb|Chaldean Genocide 2014 and 2015]]
-On 11 March 2010, the Genocide of the [[Chaldean people|Chaldeans]] was officially recognized by the [[Riksdag]] of [[Sweden]], alongside that of the [[Armenians]] and [[Pontic Greeks]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://riksdagen.se/templates/R_PageExtended____21484.aspx|title=Motion 2008/09:U332 Genocide of Armenians, Assyrians/Syriacs/Chaldeans and Pontiac Greeks in 1915|date=11 March 2010|publisher=The [[Riksdag]]|accessdate=12 March 2010|location=[[Stockholm]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thelocal.se/25468/20100311/|title=Sweden to recognize Armenian genocide|date=11 March 2010|work=[[The Local]]|accessdate=12 March 2010|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20100313002959/http://www.thelocal.se/25468/20100311/|archivedate=13 March 2010 <!--DASHBot-->|deadurl=no}}</ref><ref>"[http://www.aina.org/news/20100311192620.htm Sweden Recognizes Assyrian, Greek and Armenian Genocide]." ''Assyrian International News Agency''. March 12, 2010.</ref> In March 2015, [[Armenia]] became the second country to recognize the Chaldean genocide in a declaration from the [[National Assembly of Armenia|National Assembly]] which concurrently recognized the Greek genocide.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://armenpress.am/eng/news/798768/adoption-of-declaration-to-certify-that-armenia-recognizes-greek-and-assyrian-genocide-eduard-sharmazanov.html|publisher=[[Armenpress]]|title=Adoption of declaration to certify Armenia recognizes Greek and Assyrian genocides: Eduard Sharmanazov|date=23 March 2015}}</ref> The Chaldean genocide is also recognised by the [[New South Wales]] state parliament in [[Australia]]<ref>{{cite web|title=NSW Parliament formally recognises Assyrian genocide as Smithfield MP Andrew Rohan shares tale of parents' survival|url=http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/newslocal/south-west/nsw-parliament-formally-recognises-assyrian-genocide-as-smithfield-mp-andrew-rohan-shares-tale-of-parent8217s-survival/story-fngr8hxh-1226642271408|publisher=The Daily Telegraph|accessdate=17 March 2015|date=14 May 2013}}</ref><ref>"[http://www.fairfieldcity.nsw.gov.au/upload/hutxy19692/FINAL_Assyrian_Memorial_ConsultationPaper.pdf Consultation Paper for Proposed Memorial Dedicated to the Victims of the Assyrian Genocide]." Fairfield City Council.</ref> and the last three governors of the state of [[New York]].<ref>[http://www.ny.gov/governor/keydocs/proclamations/proc_armenian.html State of New York, Gov. David Paterson, Proclamation], 24 April 2008. Retrieved 2010-02-02.</ref><ref>{{Wayback |date=20071025033413 |url=http://www.anca.org/press_releases/press_releases.php?prid=565 |title=Governor Pataki Commemorates Armenian Genocide}}, Proclamation, 05 May, 2004. Retrieved 2010-02-02.</ref>{{as of?|date=March 2015}}{{who|date=March 2015}}
-This is in contrast to the [[Armenian Genocide]], which has also been [[Recognition of the Armenian Genocide|recognized]] by other countries and international organizations. Chaldean historians attribute the limited recognition to the smaller number of Chaldean survivors, whose leader [[Mar Shimun XXI Benyamin]] was killed in 1918.<ref name="Travis"/> For example, there are one million Armenians living in the United States alone, but even they were unable to persuade Congress to pass a [[United States resolution on Armenian genocide]]. In addition, the widespread massacres of all [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] [[Christians]] in [[Asia Minor]] is sometimes referred to by Armenian authors as an "[[Armenian Genocide]]". On April 24, 2001, Governor of the [[United States|US]] state of [[New York]], [[George Pataki]], proclaimed that "killings of civilians and food and water deprivation during forced marches across harsh, arid terrain proved successful for the perpetrators of genocide, who harbored a prejudice against ... Assyrian Christians."<ref>{{cite web|date=April 1, 2001|url=http://www.armenian-genocide.org/keyword_search.assyrian/Affirmation.196/current_category.40/affirmation_detail.html|title=New York State Governor Proclamation|accessdate=2006-06-16}}</ref>
+On 11 March 2010, the Genocide of the [[Chaldean people|Chaldeans]] was officially recognized by the [[Riksdag]] of [[Sweden]], alongside that of the [[Armenians]] and [[Pontic Greeks]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://riksdagen.se/templates/R_PageExtended____21484.aspx|title=Motion 2008/09:U332 Genocide of Armenians, Chaldeans/Syriacs and Pontiac Greeks in 1915|date=11 March 2010|publisher=The [[Riksdag]]|accessdate=12 March 2010|location=[[Stockholm]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thelocal.se/25468/20100311/|title=Sweden to recognize Armenian genocide|date=11 March 2010|work=[[The Local]]|accessdate=12 March 2010|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20100313002959/http://www.thelocal.se/25468/20100311/|archivedate=13 March 2010 <!--DASHBot-->|deadurl=no}}</ref>  In March 2015, [[Armenia]] became the second country to recognize the Chaldean genocide in a declaration from the [[National Assembly of Armenia|National Assembly]] which concurrently recognized the Greek genocide.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://armenpress.am/eng/news/798768/adoption-of-declaration-to-certify-that-armenia-recognizes-greek-and-assyrian-genocide-eduard-sharmazanov.html|publisher=[[Armenpress]]|title=Adoption of declaration to certify Armenia recognizes Greek and Chaldean genocides: Eduard Sharmanazov|date=23 March 2015}}</ref> The Chaldean genocide is also recognized by the [[New South Wales]] state parliament in [[Australia]]
-In December 2007, the [[International Association of Genocide Scholars]], the world's leading genocide scholars organization, overwhelmingly passed a resolution officially recognizing the Chaldean genocide, along with the genocide against [[Ottoman Greeks]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.aina.org/news/20071215131949.htm|work=AINA|title=International Genocide Scholars Association Officially Recognizes Chaldean, Greek Genocides|first=Adam|last=Jones|date=2007-12-15|accessdate=2008-08-19}}</ref> The vote in favor was 83%. The [[Interparliamentary Assembly on Orthodoxy]] (I.A.O.), passed a resolution officially recognizing the Chaldean genocide on June 2011.<ref>http://www.seyfocenter.com/index.php?sid=2&aID=340</ref>
 ===Monuments===
-[[File:Assyrian Genocide Memorial in Yerevan, Armenia.JPG|thumb|Chaldean Genocide memorial in [[Yerevan]], [[Armenia]]]]
+[[File:Chaldean Genocide Memorial, Belgium.JPG|thumb|Chaldean Genocide Memorial of 1915, Belgium]]
-[[File:Assyrian Genocide Memorial Wall and Plaque at St. Mary's Parish in Tarzana CA 17February2007.jpg|thumb|Memorial wall and plaque at St. Mary's Parish in Tarzana, California.]]
-The only governments that have allowed Chaldeans to establish monuments commemorating the victims of the Chaldean genocide are [[France]], [[Australia]], [[Sweden]], [[Armenia]], [[Belgium]], [[Greece]] and the [[United States]]. Sweden's government has pledged to pay for all the expenses of a future monument, after strong lobbying from the large Chaldean community there, led by Konstantin Sabo. There are three monuments in the U.S., one in [[Chicago]], one in [[Columbia, South Carolina|Columbia]] and the newest in [[Los Angeles, California]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Assyrian Genocide Monument Unveiled in Australia|url=http://www.aina.org/releases/20100807163306.htm}}</ref><ref>[http://www.greek-genocide.org/monument_columbia.html Retrieved 31 August 2010]</ref>
+The only governments that have allowed Chaldeans to establish monuments commemorating the victims of the Chaldean genocide are [[France]], [[Australia]], [[Sweden]], [[Armenia]], [[Belgium]], [[Greece]] and the [[United States]]. Sweden's government has pledged to pay for all the expenses of a future monument, after strong lobbying from the large Chaldean community. There are three monuments in the U.S., one in [[Chicago]], one in [[Columbia, South Carolina|Columbia]] and the newest in [[Los Angeles, California]].
 There have been recent reports indicating that [[Armenia]] is ready to create a monument dedicated to the Chaldean genocide, placed in the capital next to the Armenian genocide monument.<ref>[http://www.zindamagazine.com/html/archives/2007/03.04.07/pix/AssyrianGenocideMonument.pdf Call for Architectural Sketches for Assyrian Genocide Monument in Yerevan, Armenia]. Retrieved 2010-02-02.</ref>
-A monument to the victims of the Chaldean genocide has been built in [[Fairfield, New South Wales|Fairfield]] in [[Australia]], a suburb of [[Sydney]] where one in ten of the population is of Chaldean descent. The statue is designed as a hand of a martyr draped in an Chaldean flag and 4.5 meters tall. It was designed by Lewis Batros. The memorial is placed in a reserve to be named the Garden of Nineveh. The memorial statue and the name for the reserve were proposed in August 2009 by the Chaldean Universal Alliance. After consultation with the community, Fairfield Council received more than 100 submissions for the memorial, including some from overseas, and two petitions. The proposal has been condemned by the [[Australian]] [[Turkish people|Turkish]] community. Turkey's consul general to Sydney expressed resentment about the monument, while acknowledging that tragedies had occurred to Chaldeans in the period as well as Turks.<ref>{{cite web|title=Turkey protests Assyrian 'genocide' monument|url=http://www.todayszaman.com/diplomacy_turkey-protests-assyrian-genocide-monument_195309.html|work=Today's Zaman|accessdate=26 February 2015}}</ref> The Chaldean genocide has been recognised by the NSW Local Government and South Australia state.<ref>Fairfield City Champion, 16 December 2009.</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web|title=Assyrian Genocide Monument Unveiled in Australia|url=http://www.aina.org/releases/20100807163306.htm|agency=Assyrian International News Agency|date=8 July 2010|accessdate=31 August 2010|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20100902172634/http://www.aina.org/releases/20100807163306.htm|archivedate=2 September 2010 <!--DASHBot-->|deadurl=no}}</ref> On the 30th of August 2010, twenty-three days after it was unveiled, the Australian monument was vandalised.<ref>{{cite web|title=Assyrian Genocide Monument in Australia Vandalized|url=http://www.aina.org/news/20100829191841.htm|agency=Assyrian International News Agency|date=August 30, 2010|accessdate=31 August 2010|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20100831052445/http://www.aina.org/news/20100829191841.htm|archivedate=31 August 2010 <!--DASHBot-->|deadurl=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Assyrian memorial vandalised|url=http://www.fairfieldchampion.com.au/news/local/news/general/assyrian-memorial-vandalised/1926968.aspx|publisher=Fairfield Champion|date=30 August 2010|accessdate=31 August 2010|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20100831211453/http://www.fairfieldchampion.com.au/news/local/news/general/assyrian-memorial-vandalised/1926968.aspx|archivedate=31 August 2010 <!--DASHBot-->|deadurl=yes}}</ref>
+A monument to the victims of the Chaldean genocide has been built in [[Fairfield, New South Wales|Fairfield]] in [[Australia]], a suburb of [[Sydney]] where one in ten of the population is of Chaldean descent. The statue is designed as a hand of a martyr draped in an Chaldean flag and 4.5 meters tall.  The memorial is placed in a reserve to be named the Garden of Ninewa.  After consultation with the community, Fairfield Council received more than 100 submissions for the memorial, including some from overseas, and two petitions. The proposal has been condemned by the [[Australian]] [[Turkish people|Turkish]] community. Turkey's consul general to Sydney expressed resentment about the monument, while acknowledging that tragedies had occurred to Chaldeans in the period as well as Turks.
-In 2013, an Chaldean Genocide monument opened in Belgium. The monument depicts a dove, representing peace.<ref>http://www.aina.org/news/2013089120251.htm</ref>
+In 2013, a Chaldean Genocide monument opened in Belgium. The monument depicts a dove, representing peace.<ref>http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/08/isis-persecution-iraqi-christians-genocide-asylum</ref>
 In October 2014, a monument was erected on the  St. Spyridon Square in [[Egaleo]], [[Athens]].
-There are also Chaldean genocide monuments in France, Russia,<ref name="ReferenceA"/> and Armenia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.seyfocenter.com/index.php?sid=2&aID=423|title=The unveiling of the Assyrian genocide monument in Armenia Representatives of the Assyrian community|publisher=Seyfo Center|accessdate=May 27, 2012|author=May 6, 2012}}</ref>
+There are also Chaldean genocide monuments in France, Russia,and Armenia.
 ===School institutions===

@@ Line 274: / Line 274: @@
 ==Documented accounts of the genocide==
-[[File:Assyrianmassacres.jpg|thumb|200px|''The Washington Post'' and other leading newspapers in Western countries reported on the Chaldean Genocide as it unfolded.]]
+[[File:2015 Chaldean Genocide Article.png|thumb|2015 Chaldean Genocide Article]]
-[[File:Chaldeangenocide2.jpg|thumb|200px|An article from ''[[The New York Times]]'', March 27, 1915.]]
+[[File:Chaldean Genocide Memorial, Belgium.JPG|thumb|Chaldean Genocide Memorial of 1915, Belgium]]
 Chaldeans in what is now Turkey primarily lived in the provinces of [[Hakkari]], [[Şırnak]], and [[Mardin]]. These areas also had a sizable [[Kurdish people|Kurdish]] population.

@@ Line 41: / Line 41: @@
 ==Terminology==
-The Chaldean genocide is sometimes also referred to as ''Sayfo'' or ''Seyfo'' in English language sources, based on the modern Chaldean (Mesopotamian neo-Aramaic) designation ''Saypā'' ({{lang|arc|ܣܝܦܐ}}), "[[saif|sword]]", pronounced as ''Seyfo'', and as ''Sayfo'' in the [[Western Neo-Aramaic|Western dialect]] (the term abbreviates ''shato d'sayfo'' "year of the sword"). The [[Neo-Aramaic|Chaldean]] name ''{{transl|arc|Qeṭlā ḏ-‘Amā Āṯûrāyā}}'' ({{lang|arc|ܩܛܠܐ ܕܥܡܐ ܐܬܘܪܝܐ}}), which literally means "killing of the Chaldean people", is used by some groups to describe these events. The word ''Qṭolamo'' ({{lang|arc|ܩܛܠܥܡܐ}}) which means ''Genocide'' is also used in Chaldean diaspora media. The term used in [[Turkish language|Turkish]] media is ''Süryani Soykırımı''.
+The Chaldean genocide is sometimes also referred to as ''Sayfo'' or ''Seyfo'' in English language sources, based on the modern Chaldean (Mesopotamian neo-Aramaic) designation ''Saypā'' ({{lang|arc|ܣܝܦܐ}}), "[[saif|sword]]", pronounced as ''Seyfo'', and as ''Sayfo'' in the [[Western Neo-Aramaic|Western dialect]] (the term abbreviates ''shato d'sayfo'' "year of the sword"). The [[Neo-Aramaic|Chaldean]] name ''{{transl|arc|Qeṭlā ḏ-‘Amā Kaldāyā}}'' ({{lang|arc|ܩܛܠܐ ܕܥܡܐ ܐܬܘܪܝܐ}}), which literally means "killing of the Chaldean people", is used by some groups to describe these events. The word ''Qṭolamo'' ({{lang|arc|ܩܛܠܥܡܐ}}) which means ''Genocide'' is also used in Chaldean diaspora media. The term used in [[Turkish language|Turkish]] media is ''Süryani Soykırımı''.
 ==Background==

@@ Line 41: / Line 41: @@
 ==Terminology==
-The Chaldean genocide is sometimes also referred to as ''Sayfo'' or ''Seyfo'' in English language sources, based on the modern Chaldean (Mesopotamian neo-Aramaic) designation ''Saypā'' ({{lang|arc|ܣܝܦܐ}}), "[[saif|sword]]", pronounced as ''Seyfo'', and as ''Sayfo'' in the [[Western Neo-Aramaic|Western dialect]] (the term abbreviates ''shato d'sayfo'' "year of the sword"). The [[Neo-Aramaic|Chaldean] name ''{{transl|arc|Qeṭlā ḏ-‘Amā Āṯûrāyā}}'' ({{lang|arc|ܩܛܠܐ ܕܥܡܐ ܐܬܘܪܝܐ}}), which literally means "killing of the Chaldean people", is used by some groups to describe these events. The word ''Qṭolamo'' ({{lang|arc|ܩܛܠܥܡܐ}}) which means ''Genocide'' is also used in Chaldean diaspora media. The term used in [[Turkish language|Turkish]] media is ''Süryani Soykırımı''.
+The Chaldean genocide is sometimes also referred to as ''Sayfo'' or ''Seyfo'' in English language sources, based on the modern Chaldean (Mesopotamian neo-Aramaic) designation ''Saypā'' ({{lang|arc|ܣܝܦܐ}}), "[[saif|sword]]", pronounced as ''Seyfo'', and as ''Sayfo'' in the [[Western Neo-Aramaic|Western dialect]] (the term abbreviates ''shato d'sayfo'' "year of the sword"). The [[Neo-Aramaic|Chaldean]] name ''{{transl|arc|Qeṭlā ḏ-‘Amā Āṯûrāyā}}'' ({{lang|arc|ܩܛܠܐ ܕܥܡܐ ܐܬܘܪܝܐ}}), which literally means "killing of the Chaldean people", is used by some groups to describe these events. The word ''Qṭolamo'' ({{lang|arc|ܩܛܠܥܡܐ}}) which means ''Genocide'' is also used in Chaldean diaspora media. The term used in [[Turkish language|Turkish]] media is ''Süryani Soykırımı''.
 ==Background==
@@ Line 72: / Line 72: @@
 According to the Syrian Patriarchate, the Turkish government ordered an attack on the Christian villages near Mardin, which were mostly inhabited by Chaldeans. The soldiers went beyond attacking property and killed civilians, for instance, the Chaldeans of [[Kızıltepe|Kızıltepe/Tell Armen]] were gathered in a church and burned. In Diyarbekir, women and children were deported, but only a very small number reached their destinations as women were killed, raped or sold.<ref>de Courtois, 248.</ref>
-Individual accounts of the massacres include several villages. In the village of Cherang near Diyarbekir, 114 men were killed and the women and children were put to forced agricultural labor and given the choice to convert or die. The massacre was committed by an Al-Khamsin death squad, which were recruited by the government and led by officials, while composed of local urban Muslims.<ref>Gaunt, David. "Relations Between Kurds and Syriacs and Assyrians" in {{cite book|editor1-last=Jongerden|editor1-first=Joost|editor2-last=Verheij|editor2-first=Jelle|title=Social Relations in Ottoman Diyarbekir, 1870-1915|publisher=BRILL|page=263|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=X_LmnA75Dt8C&pg=PA263&lpg=PA263&dq=al+khamsin+death+squad&source=bl&ots=wGBdpUp0AV&sig=TVNnmtgxhIb5wX3PmasatG74HYM&hl=en&sa=X&ei=R3PyVPTKKYGCPZWmgbgD&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=al%20khamsin%20death%20squad&f=false|accessdate=1 March 2015}}</ref> In the village of Hanewiye, about 400 Chaldeans are believed to have been murdered. In Hassana, a village near [[Cizre|Jezire]], the 300 inhabitants were massacred, with some managing to survive and flee. The inhabitants of the village of Kavel-Karre were attacked by Kurdish tribes on 19 June 1915 and killed; their bodies were then thrown into the [[Tigris River]]. In Kafarbe, 2 km from the [[Mor Gabriel Monastery]], 200 Chaldeans were attacked by a clan of Kurds and murdered in 1917. However, there were also cases when those in power chose to protect the Chaldeans, as Rachid Osman, the agha of [[Şırnak]] protected the 300–500 inhabitants of Harbol.<ref>Gaunt, ''Massacres, Resistance, Protectors: Muslim-Christian Relations in Eastern Anatolia During World War I'', [http://books.google.com.tr/books?id=4mug9LrpLKcC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Massacres,+resistance,+protectors&hl=en&ei=ECZLTcCpFML48AahyaTJDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Deyr-Zor&f=false p. 216-235].</ref>
+Individual accounts of the massacres include several villages. In the village of Cherang near Diyarbekir, 114 men were killed and the women and children were put to forced agricultural labor and given the choice to convert or die. The massacre was committed by an Al-Khamsin death squad, which were recruited by the government and led by officials, while composed of local urban Muslims.<ref>Gaunt, David. "Relations Between Kurds and Syriacs and Assyrians" in {{cite book|editor1-last=Jongerden|editor1-first=Joost|editor2-last=Verheij|editor2-first=Jelle|title=Social Relations in Ottoman Diyarbekir, 1870-1915|publisher=BRILL|page=263|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=X_LmnA75Dt8C&pg=PA263&lpg=PA263&dq=al+khamsin+death+squad&source=bl&ots=wGBdpUp0AV&sig=TVNnmtgxhIb5wX3PmasatG74HYM&hl=en&sa=X&ei=R3PyVPTKKYGCPZWmgbgD&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=al%20khamsin%20death%20squad&f=false|accessdate=1 March 2015}}</ref> In the village of Hanewiye, about 400 Chaldeans are believed to have been murdered. In Hassana, a village near [[Cizre|Jezire]], the 300 inhabitants were massacred, with some managing to survive and flee. The inhabitants of the village of Kavel-Karre were attacked by Kurdish tribes on 19 June 1915 and killed; their bodies were then thrown into the [[Tigris River]]. In Kafarbe, 2&nbsp;km from the [[Mor Gabriel Monastery]], 200 Chaldeans were attacked by a clan of Kurds and murdered in 1917. However, there were also cases when those in power chose to protect the Chaldeans, as Rachid Osman, the agha of [[Şırnak]] protected the 300–500 inhabitants of Harbol.<ref>Gaunt, ''Massacres, Resistance, Protectors: Muslim-Christian Relations in Eastern Anatolia During World War I'', [http://books.google.com.tr/books?id=4mug9LrpLKcC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Massacres,+resistance,+protectors&hl=en&ei=ECZLTcCpFML48AahyaTJDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Deyr-Zor&f=false p. 216-235].</ref>
 Figures by the Syriac Orthodox Patriarchate presented to the peace conference after the war state that 77,963 Chaldeans were killed in 278 villages of the Diyarbekir province.<ref>de Courtois, 196.</ref> Jean Naayem writes that about 50 villages close to [[Midyat]] were ruined and their Chaldean inhabitants slaughtered, but he does not name any of them nor give any casualty figures. However, the figure agrees with the data of the patriarchate.<ref>de Courtois, 199.</ref>
@@ Line 331: / Line 331: @@
 There have been recent reports indicating that [[Armenia]] is ready to create a monument dedicated to the Chaldean genocide, placed in the capital next to the Armenian genocide monument.<ref>[http://www.zindamagazine.com/html/archives/2007/03.04.07/pix/AssyrianGenocideMonument.pdf Call for Architectural Sketches for Assyrian Genocide Monument in Yerevan, Armenia]. Retrieved 2010-02-02.</ref>
-A monument to the victims of the Chaldean genocide has been built in [[Fairfield, New South Wales|Fairfield]] in [[Australia]], a suburb of [[Sydney]] where one in ten of the population is of Chaldean descent. The statue is designed as a hand of a martyr draped in an Chaldean flag and 4.5 meters tall. It was designed by Lewis Batros. The memorial is placed in a reserve to be named the Garden of Nineveh. The memorial statue and the name for the reserve were proposed in August 2009 by the Assyrian Universal Alliance. After consultation with the community, Fairfield Council received more than 100 submissions for the memorial, including some from overseas, and two petitions. The proposal has been condemned by the [[Australian]] [[Turkish people|Turkish]] community. Turkey's consul general to Sydney expressed resentment about the monument, while acknowledging that tragedies had occurred to Chaldeans in the period as well as Turks.<ref>{{cite web|title=Turkey protests Assyrian 'genocide' monument|url=http://www.todayszaman.com/diplomacy_turkey-protests-assyrian-genocide-monument_195309.html|work=Today's Zaman|accessdate=26 February 2015}}</ref> The Chaldean genocide has been recognised by the NSW Local Government and South Australia state.<ref>Fairfield City Champion, 16 December 2009.</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web|title=Assyrian Genocide Monument Unveiled in Australia|url=http://www.aina.org/releases/20100807163306.htm|agency=Assyrian International News Agency|date=8 July 2010|accessdate=31 August 2010|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20100902172634/http://www.aina.org/releases/20100807163306.htm|archivedate=2 September 2010 <!--DASHBot-->|deadurl=no}}</ref> On the 30th of August 2010, twenty-three days after it was unveiled, the Australian monument was vandalised.<ref>{{cite web|title=Assyrian Genocide Monument in Australia Vandalized|url=http://www.aina.org/news/20100829191841.htm|agency=Assyrian International News Agency|date=August 30, 2010|accessdate=31 August 2010|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20100831052445/http://www.aina.org/news/20100829191841.htm|archivedate=31 August 2010 <!--DASHBot-->|deadurl=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Assyrian memorial vandalised|url=http://www.fairfieldchampion.com.au/news/local/news/general/assyrian-memorial-vandalised/1926968.aspx|publisher=Fairfield Champion|date=30 August 2010|accessdate=31 August 2010|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20100831211453/http://www.fairfieldchampion.com.au/news/local/news/general/assyrian-memorial-vandalised/1926968.aspx|archivedate=31 August 2010 <!--DASHBot-->|deadurl=yes}}</ref>
+A monument to the victims of the Chaldean genocide has been built in [[Fairfield, New South Wales|Fairfield]] in [[Australia]], a suburb of [[Sydney]] where one in ten of the population is of Chaldean descent. The statue is designed as a hand of a martyr draped in an Chaldean flag and 4.5 meters tall. It was designed by Lewis Batros. The memorial is placed in a reserve to be named the Garden of Nineveh. The memorial statue and the name for the reserve were proposed in August 2009 by the Chaldean Universal Alliance. After consultation with the community, Fairfield Council received more than 100 submissions for the memorial, including some from overseas, and two petitions. The proposal has been condemned by the [[Australian]] [[Turkish people|Turkish]] community. Turkey's consul general to Sydney expressed resentment about the monument, while acknowledging that tragedies had occurred to Chaldeans in the period as well as Turks.<ref>{{cite web|title=Turkey protests Assyrian 'genocide' monument|url=http://www.todayszaman.com/diplomacy_turkey-protests-assyrian-genocide-monument_195309.html|work=Today's Zaman|accessdate=26 February 2015}}</ref> The Chaldean genocide has been recognised by the NSW Local Government and South Australia state.<ref>Fairfield City Champion, 16 December 2009.</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web|title=Assyrian Genocide Monument Unveiled in Australia|url=http://www.aina.org/releases/20100807163306.htm|agency=Assyrian International News Agency|date=8 July 2010|accessdate=31 August 2010|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20100902172634/http://www.aina.org/releases/20100807163306.htm|archivedate=2 September 2010 <!--DASHBot-->|deadurl=no}}</ref> On the 30th of August 2010, twenty-three days after it was unveiled, the Australian monument was vandalised.<ref>{{cite web|title=Assyrian Genocide Monument in Australia Vandalized|url=http://www.aina.org/news/20100829191841.htm|agency=Assyrian International News Agency|date=August 30, 2010|accessdate=31 August 2010|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20100831052445/http://www.aina.org/news/20100829191841.htm|archivedate=31 August 2010 <!--DASHBot-->|deadurl=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Assyrian memorial vandalised|url=http://www.fairfieldchampion.com.au/news/local/news/general/assyrian-memorial-vandalised/1926968.aspx|publisher=Fairfield Champion|date=30 August 2010|accessdate=31 August 2010|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20100831211453/http://www.fairfieldchampion.com.au/news/local/news/general/assyrian-memorial-vandalised/1926968.aspx|archivedate=31 August 2010 <!--DASHBot-->|deadurl=yes}}</ref>
 In 2013, an Chaldean Genocide monument opened in Belgium. The monument depicts a dove, representing peace.<ref>http://www.aina.org/news/2013089120251.htm</ref>

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 ==Death toll==
 [[File:ChaldeanGenocideVictims.jpg|thumb|right|Bodies of Christians who perished during the Chaldean Genocide]]
-Scholars have summarized events as follows: specific massacres included 25,000 Chaldeans in Midyat, 21,000 in Jezira-ibn-Omar, 7,000 in Nisibis, 7,000 in Urfa, 7,000 in the Qudshanis region, 6,000 in Mardin, 5,000 in Diyarbekir, 4,000 in Adana, 4,000 in Brahimie, and 3,500 in Harput.<ref name="Anahit"/><ref name="Travis">Travis, Hannibal. "[http://utpjournals.metapress.com/content/yv544142p5rnx055/?p=91e7dbe895ec4cbf9eef0ad842fef76a&pi=6 'Native Christians Massacred': The Ottoman Genocide of the Assyrians During World War I]." ''Genocide Studies and Prevention'', Vol. 1, No. 3, December 2006, pp. 327–371. Retrieved 2010-02-02.</ref><ref>Gaunt. ''Massacres, Resistance, Protectors'', pp. 76–77, 164, 181–96, 226–30, 264–67.</ref><ref>{{de icon}} Gorgis, Amill "Der Völkermord an den Syro-Aramäern," in ''Verfolgung, Vertreibung und Vernichtung der Christen im Osmanischen Reich 20''. Ed. Tessa Hoffman. London and Berlin: LIT Verlag, 2004.</ref> In its December 4, 1922, memorandum, the Assyro-Chaldean National Council stated  that the total death toll was unknown.  It estimated that about 275,000 "Assyro-Chaldeans" died between 1914 and 1918.<ref name="Yacoub">{{fr icon}} Yacoub, Joseph. ''La question assyro-chaldéenne, les Puissances européennes et la SDN (1908–1938)'', 4 vol., thèse Lyon, 1985, p. 156.</ref> The population of the Chaldeans of the Ottoman Empire and Persia was about 600,000 before the genocide, and was reduced by 275,000, with very few survivors in 1930s Turkey or Iran.<ref name="Travis2"/><ref>Gaunt, ''Massacres, Resistance, Protectors'', pp. 21–28, 300–3, 406, 435.</ref> Contemporary newspapers reported death tolls of 200,000 to 250,000.<ref name=Travis/> Representatives from the [[Anglican Church]] in the region claimed that about half of the Assyrian population had perished.<ref name=intro/>
+Scholars have summarized events as follows: specific massacres included 25,000 Chaldeans in Midyat, 21,000 in Jezira-ibn-Omar, 7,000 in Nisibis, 7,000 in Urfa, 7,000 in the Qudshanis region, 6,000 in Mardin, 5,000 in Diyarbekir, 4,000 in Adana, 4,000 in Brahimie, and 3,500 in Harput.<ref name="Anahit"/><ref name="Travis">Travis, Hannibal. "[http://utpjournals.metapress.com/content/yv544142p5rnx055/?p=91e7dbe895ec4cbf9eef0ad842fef76a&pi=6 'Native Christians Massacred': The Ottoman Genocide of the Assyrians During World War I]." ''Genocide Studies and Prevention'', Vol. 1, No. 3, December 2006, pp. 327–371. Retrieved 2010-02-02.</ref><ref>Gaunt. ''Massacres, Resistance, Protectors'', pp. 76–77, 164, 181–96, 226–30, 264–67.</ref><ref>{{de icon}} Gorgis, Amill "Der Völkermord an den Syro-Aramäern," in ''Verfolgung, Vertreibung und Vernichtung der Christen im Osmanischen Reich 20''. Ed. Tessa Hoffman. London and Berlin: LIT Verlag, 2004.</ref> In its December 4, 1922, memorandum, the Assyro-Chaldean National Council stated  that the total death toll was unknown.  It estimated that about 275,000 "Assyro-Chaldeans" died between 1914 and 1918.<ref name="Yacoub">{{fr icon}} Yacoub, Joseph. ''La question assyro-chaldéenne, les Puissances européennes et la SDN (1908–1938)'', 4 vol., thèse Lyon, 1985, p. 156.</ref> The population of the Chaldeans of the Ottoman Empire and Persia was about 600,000 before the genocide, and was reduced by 275,000, with very few survivors in 1930s Turkey or Iran.<ref name="Travis2"/><ref>Gaunt, ''Massacres, Resistance, Protectors'', pp. 21–28, 300–3, 406, 435.</ref> Contemporary newspapers reported death tolls of 200,000 to 250,000.<ref name=Travis/> Representatives from the [[Anglican Church]] in the region claimed that about half of the Chaldean population had perished.<ref name=intro/>
 The memorandum of the Chaldean Archbishopric of Syria ([[Damascus]]-[[Homs]]) to the 1920 peace conference, places the death toll at 90,313 people, with 345 villages burned and 156 churches destroyed. The archbishop demanded 250,000 pounds sterling of reparations to compensate for the destruction of the churches. The figures of the archbishopric places the death toll in Harput at 3,500, in [[Midyat]] at 25,830, in Diyarbekir and surroundings at 5,679, in Jezireh at 7,510, in [[Nusaybin]] at 7,000, in Mardin at 5,815, in [[Bitlis]] at 850, in [[Urfa]] at 340, and tens of thousands at other areas. The archbishopric states that the Ottoman government undertook massacres of Chaldean civilians with "no revolutionary tendencies" in the provinces of Diyarbekir, Urfa, Van, Harput and Bitlis.<ref>{{cite book|last1=de Courtois|first1=Sébastien|title=The Forgotten Genocide: Eastern Christians, the Last Arameans|publisher=Gorgias Press|isbn=9781593330774|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=whDcogCNZs4C&pg=PA237&dq=assyrian+massacre+urfa&hl=en&sa=X&ei=_HHuVOCQF4KaygOS9oHwBA&ved=0CFAQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=assyrian%20massacre%20urfa&f=false|accessdate=26 February 2015}}</ref>