Easter Egg - Revision history

Chaldean at 04:41, 16 April 2017

2017-04-16T04:41:17Z

Chaldean at 04:34, 16 April 2017

2017-04-16T04:34:45Z

Chaldean: Created page with "{{about|special eggs painted around Easter|a secret message hidden in media|Easter egg (media)}} Decorated Easter eggs

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 [[File:Punic ostrich egg from Villaricos (M.A.N. 1935-4-VILL-T.609-7) 01.jpg|thumb|A decorated ostrich egg with [[Punic]] artwork]]
-The practice of decorating eggshells as part of spring rituals is ancient,<ref name="pre-Christian">{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=S5BZAAAAYAAJ&q=decorating+eggs+pre-Christian&dq=decorating+eggs+pre-Christian&hl=en&sa=X&ei=cMpQU9XWO5WuyASAr4D4Dg&ved=0CGUQ6AEwBzgK|title= Wycinanki and pysanky: forms of religious and ethnic folk art from the Delaware Valley|publisher= University of Pittsburgh|author= Neil R. Grobman|quote=During the spring cycle of festivals, ancient pre-Christian peoples used decorated eggs to welcome the sun and to help ensure the fertility of the fields, river ...|year=1981|accessdate =18 April 2014}}</ref> with decorated, engraved [[ostrich]] eggs found in Africa which are 60,000 years old.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/egg-cetera-6-hunting-for-the-world%E2%80%99s-oldest-decorated-eggs |title=Egg Cetera #6: Hunting for the world’s oldest decorated eggs &#124; University of Cambridge |publisher=Cam.ac.uk |date=2012-04-10 |accessdate=2013-03-31}}</ref> In the [[Prehistoric Egypt|pre-dynastic period]] of [[Egypt]] and the early cultures of [[Mesopotamia]] and [[Crete]], eggs were associated with death and rebirth, as well as with kingship, with decorated ostrich eggs, and representations of ostrich eggs in gold and silver, were commonly placed in graves of the ancient Sumerians and Egyptians as early as 5,000 years ago.<ref>Treasures from Royal Tombs of Ur By Richard L. Zettler, Lee Horne, Donald P. Hansen, Holly Pittman 1998 pgs 70-72</ref> These cultural relationships may have influenced early Christian and Islamic cultures in those areas, as well as through mercantile, religious, and political links from those areas around the Mediterranean.<ref name=Green>{{cite journal|last=Green|first=Nile|journal=Al-Masaq: Journal of the Medieval Mediterranean|volume=18|issue=1|year=2006|title=Ostrich Eggs and Peacock feathers: Sacred Objects as Cultural Exchange between Christianity and Islam|quote=This article uses the wide dispersal of ostrich eggs and peacock feathers among the different cultural contexts of the Mediterranean – and beyond into the Indian Ocean world – to explore the nature and limits of cultural inheritance and exchange between Christianity and Islam. These avian materials previously possessed symbolic meaning and material value as early as the pre-dynastic period in Egypt, as well as amid the early cultures of Mesopotamia and Crete. The main early cultural associations of the eggs and feathers were with death/resurrection and kingship respectively, a symbolism that was passed on into early Christian and Muslim usage. Mercantile, religious and political links across the premodern Mediterranean meant that these items found parallel employment all around the Mediterranean littoral, and beyond it, in Arabia, South Asia and Africa.}}</ref>
+The practice of decorating eggshells as part of spring rituals is ancient,<ref name="pre-Christian">{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=S5BZAAAAYAAJ&q=decorating+eggs+pre-Christian&dq=decorating+eggs+pre-Christian&hl=en&sa=X&ei=cMpQU9XWO5WuyASAr4D4Dg&ved=0CGUQ6AEwBzgK|title= Wycinanki and pysanky: forms of religious and ethnic folk art from the Delaware Valley|publisher= University of Pittsburgh|author= Neil R. Grobman|quote=During the spring cycle of festivals, ancient pre-Christian peoples used decorated eggs to welcome the sun and to help ensure the fertility of the fields, river ...|year=1981|accessdate =18 April 2014}}</ref> with decorated, engraved [[ostrich]] eggs found in Africa which are 60,000 years old.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/egg-cetera-6-hunting-for-the-world%E2%80%99s-oldest-decorated-eggs |title=Egg Cetera #6: Hunting for the world’s oldest decorated eggs &#124; University of Cambridge |publisher=Cam.ac.uk |date=2012-04-10 |accessdate=2013-03-31}}</ref> In the [[Prehistoric Egypt and the early cultures of [[Mesopotamia]] and Crete, eggs were associated with death and rebirth, as well as with kingship, with decorated ostrich eggs, and representations of ostrich eggs in gold and silver, were commonly placed in graves of the ancient Sumerians and Egyptians as early as 5,000 years ago.<ref>Treasures from Royal Tombs of Ur By Richard L. Zettler, Lee Horne, Donald P. Hansen, Holly Pittman 1998 pgs 70-72</ref> These cultural relationships may have influenced early Christian and Islamic cultures in those areas, as well as through mercantile, religious, and political links from those areas around the Mediterranean.<ref name=Green>{{cite journal|last=Green|first=Nile|journal=Al-Masaq: Journal of the Medieval Mediterranean|volume=18|issue=1|year=2006|title=Ostrich Eggs and Peacock feathers: Sacred Objects as Cultural Exchange between Christianity and Islam|quote=This article uses the wide dispersal of ostrich eggs and peacock feathers among the different cultural contexts of the Mediterranean – and beyond into the Indian Ocean world – to explore the nature and limits of cultural inheritance and exchange between Christianity and Islam. These avian materials previously possessed symbolic meaning and material value as early as the pre-dynastic period in Egypt, as well as amid the early cultures of Mesopotamia and Crete. The main early cultural associations of the eggs and feathers were with death/resurrection and kingship respectively, a symbolism that was passed on into early Chaldean people and other Christians and Muslim usage. Mercantile, religious and political links across the premodern Mediterranean meant that these items found parallel employment all around the Mediterranean littoral, and beyond it, in Arabia, South Asia and Africa.}}</ref>
-[[File:Red Paschal Egg with Cross.JPG|thumb|left|Red coloured Easter egg with [[Christian cross]], from the Saint Kosmas Aitolos Greek Orthodox Monastery]]
+[[File:Red Paschal Egg with Cross.JPG|thumb|left|Red colored Easter egg with [[Christian cross]], from the Saint Kosmas Aitolos Greek Orthodox Monastery]]
-The Christian custom of Easter eggs, specifically, started among the [[early Christians]] of [[Mesopotamia]], who stained eggs with red colouring "in memory of the blood of Christ, shed at His [[Crucifixion of Jesus|crucifixion]]".<ref name="Ellis1877"/><ref name="Thompson2013"/><ref name=History>{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=TinZAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA558&dq=easter+egg+Christians+Mesopotamia&hl=en&sa=X&ei=LS2CT6yFM_Sy0AGNm73kBw&ved=0CGkQ6AEwBzgK#v=onepage&q=easter%20egg%20Christians%20Mesopotamia&f=false|title= Donahoe's Magazine, Volume 5|publisher=T.B. Noonan|quote=The early Christians of Mesopotamia had the custom of dyeing and decorating eggs at Easter. They were stained red, in memory of the blood of Christ, shed at His crucifixion. The Church adopted the custom, and regarded the eggs as the emblem of the resurrection, as is evinced by the benediction of Pope Paul V., about 1610, which reads thus: "Bless, O Lord! we beseech thee, this thy creature of eggs, that it may become a wholesome sustenance to thy faithful servants, eating it in thankfulness to thee on account of the resurrection of the Lord." Thus the custom has come down from ages lost in antiquity.)|year=1881|accessdate =7 April 2012}}</ref><ref name=Itihaas>{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=CRvzTM0kev4C&pg=PA96&dq=In+many+countries+the+name+of+the+Christian+feast+we+call+Easter&hl=en&sa=X&ei=7ruAT-WLE6jo0QH6tdSLCA&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=In%20many%20countries%20the%20name%20of%20the%20Christian%20feast%20we%20call%20Easter&f=false|title= Welcome to the Church Year: An Introduction to the Seasons of the Episcopal Church|author=Vicki K. Black|publisher= Church Publishing, Inc.|quote=The Christians of this region in Mesopotamia were probably the first to connect the decorating of eggs with the feast of the resurrection of Christ, and by the Middle Ages this practice was so widespread that in some places Easter Day was called Egg Sunday. In parts of Europe, the eggs were dyed red and were then cracked together when people exchanged Easter greetings. Many congregations today continue to have Easter egg hunts for the children after services on Easter Day.|date= 1 Jul 2004}}</ref>  The [[Christian Church]] officially adopted the custom, regarding the eggs as a symbol of the [[resurrection of Jesus]], with the [[Roman Ritual]], the first edition of which was published in 1610 but which has texts of much older date, containing among the Easter Blessings of Food, one for eggs, along with those for lamb, bread, and new produce. The blessing is for consumption as a food, rather than decorated.<ref name=History/><ref name="Itihaas" /> {{quotation|Lord, let the grace of your blessing + come upon these eggs, that they be healthful food for your faithful who eat them in thanksgiving for the resurrection of our Lord Jesus Christ, who lives and reigns with you forever and ever.<ref>[http://www.ewtn.com/library/prayer/roman2.txt The Roman Ritual. Part XI, Blessings and other sacramentals]</ref>}}
+The Christian custom of Easter eggs, specifically, started among the Chaldean native people and other early Christians of [[Mesopotamia]], who stained eggs with red coloring "in memory of the blood of Christ, shed at His Crucifixion".<ref name="Ellis1877"/><ref name="Thompson2013"/><ref name=History>{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=TinZAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA558&dq=easter+egg+Christians+Mesopotamia&hl=en&sa=X&ei=LS2CT6yFM_Sy0AGNm73kBw&ved=0CGkQ6AEwBzgK#v=onepage&q=easter%20egg%20Christians%20Mesopotamia&f=false|title= Donahoe's Magazine, Volume 5|publisher=T.B. Noonan|quote=The early Christians of Mesopotamia had the custom of dyeing and decorating eggs at Easter. They were stained red, in memory of the blood of Christ, shed at His crucifixion. The Church adopted the custom, and regarded the eggs as the emblem of the resurrection, as is evinced by the benediction of Pope Paul V., about 1610, which reads thus: "Bless, O Lord! we beseech thee, this thy creature of eggs, that it may become a wholesome sustenance to thy faithful servants, eating it in thankfulness to thee on account of the resurrection of the Lord." Thus the custom has come down from ages lost in antiquity.)|year=1881|accessdate =7 April 2012}}</ref><ref name=Itihaas>{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=CRvzTM0kev4C&pg=PA96&dq=In+many+countries+the+name+of+the+Christian+feast+we+call+Easter&hl=en&sa=X&ei=7ruAT-WLE6jo0QH6tdSLCA&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=In%20many%20countries%20the%20name%20of%20the%20Christian%20feast%20we%20call%20Easter&f=false|title= Welcome to the Church Year: An Introduction to the Seasons of the Episcopal Church|author=Vicki K. Black|publisher= Church Publishing, Inc.|quote=The Christians of this region in Mesopotamia were probably the first to connect the decorating of eggs with the feast of the resurrection of Christ, and by the Middle Ages this practice was so widespread that in some places Easter Day was called Egg Sunday. In parts of Europe, the eggs were dyed red and were then cracked together when people exchanged Easter greetings. Many congregations today continue to have Easter egg hunts for the children after services on Easter Day.|date= 1 Jul 2004}}</ref>  The [[Christian Church]] officially adopted the custom, regarding the eggs as a symbol of the [[resurrection of Jesus]], with the [[Roman Ritual]], the first edition of which was published in 1610 but which has texts of much older date, containing among the Easter Blessings of Food, one for eggs, along with those for lamb, bread, and new produce. The blessing is for consumption as a food, rather than decorated.<ref name=History/><ref name="Itihaas" /> {{quotation|Lord, let the grace of your blessing + come upon these eggs, that they be healthful food for your faithful who eat them in thanksgiving for the resurrection of our Lord Jesus Christ, who lives and reigns with you forever and ever.<ref>[http://www.ewtn.com/library/prayer/roman2.txt The Roman Ritual. Part XI, Blessings and other sacramentals]</ref>}}
 Sociology professor Kenneth Thompson discusses the spread of the Easter egg throughout [[Christendom]], writing that "use of eggs at Easter seems to have come from Persia into the Greek Christian Churches of Mesopotamia, thence to Russia and Siberia through the medium of Orthodox Christianity. From the Greek Church the custom was adopted by either the Roman Catholics or the Protestants and then spread through Europe."<ref name="Thompson2013"/> Both Thompson, as well as British orientalist [[Thomas Hyde]] state that in addition to dying the eggs red, the early Christians of Mesopotamia also stained Easter eggs green and yellow.<ref name="Ellis1877"/><ref name="Thompson2013"/>

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-'''Easter eggs''', also called '''Paschal eggs''',<ref>[http://www.holycrossonline.org/our_parish/lenten_resource_center/articles/legend-of-paschal-eggs.pdf The Legend of Paschal Eggs (Holy Cross Antiochian Orthodox Church)]</ref> are [[egg decorating|decorated]] [[egg (biology)|eggs]] that are usually used as gifts on the occasion of [[Easter]] or [[spring (season)|springtime]] celebration. As such, Easter eggs are common during the season of [[Eastertide]] (Easter season). The oldest tradition is to use dyed and painted chicken eggs, but a modern custom is to substitute chocolate eggs wrapped in colourful [[foil (metal)|foil]], or plastic eggs filled with [[confectionery]] such as [[chocolate]]. Although eggs, in general, were a traditional symbol of fertility and rebirth,<ref name="fertility">{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=kQFtlva3HaYC&pg=PA111&dq=easter+egg+fertility|title= The Oxford Companion to World Mythology|publisher= [[Oxford University Press]]|author= David Leeming|quote=For many, Easter is synonymous with fertility symbols such as the Easter Rabbit, Easter Eggs, and the Easter lily.|year=2005|accessdate =10 March 2013}}</ref> in [[Christianity]], for the celebration of Eastertide, Easter eggs symbolize the [[empty tomb]] of [[Jesus]], from which Jesus [[resurrection of Jesus|resurrected]].<ref name=Meaning>{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=mzKVPZthGHUC&pg=PA51&dq=easter+egg+Christian|title= Christianity|publisher= [[Nelson Thornes]]|author= Anne Jordan|quote=Easter eggs are used as a Christian symbol to represent the empty tomb. The outside of the egg looks dead but inside there is new life, which is going to break out. The Easter egg is a reminder that Jesus will rise from His tomb and bring new life. Orthodox Christians dye boiled eggs red to make red Easter eggs that represent the blood of Christ shed for the sins of the world.|date=5 April 2000|accessdate =7 April 2012}}</ref><ref name=Symbolism>{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=hPMVAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA119&dq=easter+egg+empty+tomb&hl=en&sa=X&ei=IpWAT_e-EKnh0QHVmI3RBw&ved=0CDsQ6AEwADgK#v=onepage&q=easter%20egg%20empty%20tomb&f=false|title= The Guardian, Volume 29|publisher=H. Harbaugh|quote=Just so, on that first Easter morning, Jesus came to life and walked out of the tomb, and left it, as it were, an empty shell. Just so, too, when the Christian dies, the body is left in the grave, an empty shell, but the soul takes wings and flies away to be with God. Thus you see that though an egg seems to be as dead as a stone, yet it really has life in it; and also it is like Christ's dead body, which was raised to life again. This is the reason we use eggs on Easter. (In days past some used to color the eggs red, so as to show the kind of death by which Christ died,-a ''bloody'' death.)|year=1878|accessdate =7 April 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Wn-38NunUnAC&pg=PT120&dq=easter+egg+Christian&hl=en&sa=X&ei=vZKAT_q5OeHw0gH56bSMCA&ved=0CH0Q6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=easter%20egg%20Christian&f=false|title= Christian belief and practice|publisher=[[Heinemann (publisher)|Heinemann]]|author= Gordon Geddes, Jane Griffiths|quote=Red eggs are given to Orthodox Christians after the Easter Liturgy. They crack their eggs against each other's. The cracking of the eggs symbolizes a wish to break away from the bonds of sin and misery and enter the new life issuing from Christ's resurrection.|date=22 Jan 2002|accessdate =7 April 2012}}</ref> In addition, one ancient tradition was the staining of Easter eggs with the colour red "in memory of the [[blood of Christ]], shed as at that time of his crucifixion."<ref name=Meaning/><ref name="Ellis1877"/> This custom of the Easter egg can be traced to [[early Christians]] of [[Mesopotamia]], and from there it spread into Russia and Siberia through the Orthodox Churches, and later into Europe through the Catholic and Protestant Churches.<ref name="Ellis1877">{{cite book|title=Popular antiquities of Great Britain|accessdate=26 March 2016|year=1877|language=English|page=90|author=[[Henry Ellis (librarian)|Henry Ellis]]|quote=[[Thomas Hyde|Hyde]], in his Oriental Sports (1694), tells us one with eggs among the Christians of Mesopotamia on Easter Day and forty days afterwards, during which time their children buy themselves as many eggs as they can, stain them with a red colour in memory of the blood of Christ, shed as at that time of his crucifixion. Some tinge them with green and yellow.}}</ref><ref name="Thompson2013">{{cite book|last=Thompson|first=Kenneth|title=Culture & Progress: Early Sociology of Culture, Volume 8|date=21 August 2013|publisher=[[Routledge]]|language=English |isbn=9781136479403|page=138|quote=In Mesopotamia children secured during the 40-day period following Easter day as many eggs as possible and dyed them red, "in memory of the blood of Christ shed at that time of his Crucifixion"--a rationalization. Dyed eggs were sold in the market, green and yellow being favorite colors. The use of eggs at Easter seems to have come from Persia into the Greek Christian Churches of Mesopotamia, thence to Russia and Siberia through the medium of Orthodox Christianity. From the Greek Church the custom was adopted by either the Roman Catholics or the Protestants and then spread through Europe.}}<!--|accessdate=26 March 2016--></ref><ref name=History/><ref name=Itihaas/> This Christian use of eggs may have been influenced by practices in "pre-dynastic period in Egypt, as well as amid the early cultures of Mesopotamia and Crete".<ref name=Green/>
+'''Easter eggs''', also called '''Paschal eggs''',<ref>[http://www.holycrossonline.org/our_parish/lenten_resource_center/articles/legend-of-paschal-eggs.pdf The Legend of Paschal Eggs (Holy Cross Antiochian Orthodox Church)]</ref> are [[egg decorating|decorated]] [[egg (biology)|eggs]] that are usually used as gifts on the occasion of Easter celebration for Chaldean People. Easter eggs are common during the Easter season. The oldest tradition is to use dyed and painted chicken eggs, but a modern custom is to substitute chocolate eggs wrapped in colourful foil, or plastic eggs filled with confectionery such as chocolate. Although eggs, in general, were a traditional symbol of fertility and rebirth,<ref name="fertility">{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=kQFtlva3HaYC&pg=PA111&dq=easter+egg+fertility|title= The Oxford Companion to World Mythology|publisher= [[Oxford University Press]]|author= David Leeming|quote=For many, Easter is synonymous with fertility symbols such as the Easter Rabbit, Easter Eggs, and the Easter lily.|year=2005|accessdate =10 March 2013}}</ref> in [[Christianity]], for the celebration of Eastertide, Easter eggs symbolize the empty tomb of Lord [[Jesus]] Christ, from which Lord Jesus resurrected.<ref name=Meaning>{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=mzKVPZthGHUC&pg=PA51&dq=easter+egg+Christian|title= Christianity|publisher= [[Nelson Thornes]]|author= Anne Jordan|quote=Easter eggs are used as a Christian symbol to represent the empty tomb. The outside of the egg looks dead but inside there is new life, which is going to break out. The Easter egg is a reminder that Jesus will rise from His tomb and bring new life. Orthodox Christians dye boiled eggs red to make red Easter eggs that represent the blood of Christ shed for the sins of the world.|date=5 April 2000|accessdate =7 April 2012}}</ref><ref name=Symbolism>{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=hPMVAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA119&dq=easter+egg+empty+tomb&hl=en&sa=X&ei=IpWAT_e-EKnh0QHVmI3RBw&ved=0CDsQ6AEwADgK#v=onepage&q=easter%20egg%20empty%20tomb&f=false|title= The Guardian, Volume 29|publisher=H. Harbaugh|quote=Just so, on that first Easter morning, Jesus came to life and walked out of the tomb, and left it, as it were, an empty shell. Just so, too, when the Christian dies, the body is left in the grave, an empty shell, but the soul takes wings and flies away to be with God. Thus you see that though an egg seems to be as dead as a stone, yet it really has life in it; and also it is like Christ's dead body, which was raised to life again. This is the reason we use eggs on Easter. (In days past some used to color the eggs red, so as to show the kind of death by which Christ died,-a ''bloody'' death.)|year=1878|accessdate =7 April 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Wn-38NunUnAC&pg=PT120&dq=easter+egg+Christian&hl=en&sa=X&ei=vZKAT_q5OeHw0gH56bSMCA&ved=0CH0Q6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=easter%20egg%20Christian&f=false|title= Christian belief and practice|publisher=[[Heinemann (publisher)|Heinemann]]|author= Gordon Geddes, Jane Griffiths|quote=Red eggs are given to Orthodox Christians after the Easter Liturgy. They crack their eggs against each other's. The cracking of the eggs symbolizes a wish to break away from the bonds of sin and misery and enter the new life issuing from Christ's resurrection.|date=22 Jan 2002|accessdate =7 April 2012}}</ref> In addition, one ancient tradition was the staining of Easter eggs with the colour red "in memory of the [[blood of Christ]], shed as at that time of his crucifixion."<ref name=Meaning/><ref name="Ellis1877"/> This custom of the Easter egg can be traced to [[early Christians]] of [[Mesopotamia]], and from there it spread into Russia and Siberia through the Orthodox Churches, and later into Europe through the Catholic and Protestant Churches.<ref name="Ellis1877">{{cite book|title=Popular antiquities of Great Britain|accessdate=26 March 2016|year=1877|language=English|page=90|author=[[Henry Ellis (librarian)|Henry Ellis]]|quote=[[Thomas Hyde|Hyde]], in his Oriental Sports (1694), tells us one with eggs among the Christians of Mesopotamia on Easter Day and forty days afterwards, during which time their children buy themselves as many eggs as they can, stain them with a red colour in memory of the blood of Christ, shed as at that time of his crucifixion. Some tinge them with green and yellow.}}</ref><ref name="Thompson2013">{{cite book|last=Thompson|first=Kenneth|title=Culture & Progress: Early Sociology of Culture, Volume 8|date=21 August 2013|publisher=[[Routledge]]|language=English |isbn=9781136479403|page=138|quote=In Mesopotamia children secured during the 40-day period following Easter day as many eggs as possible and dyed them red, "in memory of the blood of Christ shed at that time of his Crucifixion"--a rationalization. Dyed eggs were sold in the market, green and yellow being favorite colors. The use of eggs at Easter seems to have come from Persia into the Greek Christian Churches of Mesopotamia, thence to Russia and Siberia through the medium of Orthodox Christianity. From the Greek Church the custom was adopted by either the Roman Catholics or the Protestants and then spread through Europe.}}<!--|accessdate=26 March 2016--></ref><ref name=History/><ref name=Itihaas/> This Christian use of eggs may have been influenced by practices in "pre-dynastic period in Egypt, as well as amid the early cultures of Mesopotamia and Crete".<ref name=Green/>
 ==History==