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{{Infobox monarch
| name = Erība-Marduk
| title = [[List of kings of Babylon|King of Babylon]]
| image=
| caption =
| reign = ca. 769 – 761 BC
| coronation =
| predecessor = [[Marduk-apla-usur|Marduk-apla-uṣur]]
| successor = [[Nabu-shuma-ishkun|Nabû-šuma-iškun]]
| spouse =
| royal house = Dynasty of ''E'' (mixed dynasties)
| father =
| mother =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| buried =}}

'''Erība-Marduk''', inscribed m''ri-ba'' [dAMAR.UTU],<ref group=i>''Kinglist A'', tablet BM 33332, iv 1.</ref> was the king of [[Babylon]], very speculatively ca. 769 – 761 BC. He was one of three [[Chaldaea]]n tribal leaders to occupy the Babylonian throne during the course of the 8th century and would be looked back as the ancestor figure during future reigns of members of this group. A member of the Bīt-Yakin tribe, who was later to be given the title “re-establisher of the foundation(s) of the land,”<ref group=i>[[Marduk-apla-iddina II]]: ''mu-kin išdī(suḫuš) māti(kur)''.</ref> he was credited with restoring stability to the country after years of turmoil.<ref>{{ cite book | title = A political history of post-Kassite Babylonia, 1158-722 B.C. | author = J. A. Brinkman | publisher = Analecta Orientalia | year = 1968 | pages = 221–224 }}</ref>

==Biography==

He was described as the son or descendant of Marduk-šakin-šumi, an otherwise unknown individual who one might speculate to have been one of the five unknown kings from the earlier period of interregnum.<ref>{{ cite book | title = Assyrian and Babylonian chronicles | author = A. K. Grayson | publisher = J. J. Augustin | year = 1975 | pages = 216–217, 225 }}</ref> According to the ''[[Dynastic Chronicle]]'',<ref group=i>The ''Dynastic Chronicle'' (ABC 18), vi 3–8.</ref> Erība-Marduk was the single member of a dynasty of the Sealand (kur[[a (cuneiform)|A]].AB.BA) and succeeded [[Marduk-apla-usur|Marduk-apla-uṣur]], the first king clearly identified as Chaldean. He was eventually succeeded by [[Nabu-shuma-ishkun|Nabû-šuma-iškun]], the sequence of these three kings confirmed by a fragment of an [[Assyria]]n ''Synchronistic Kinglist''.<ref group=i>Tablet VAT 11345, published as KAV 13, ii 3'–5'.</ref> There are legal documents dated to his ninth year and to the thirteenth year of his successor, which has led historians to conclude that he must have ascended the throne by 770 BC at the latest, as his successor is known to have ruled until 748 BC.<ref>{{ cite journal | title = Documentary Evidence for the Economic Base of Early Neo-Babylonian Society: A Survey of Dated Babylonian Economic Texts, 721-626 B.C. |author1=J. A. Brinkman |author2=D. A. Kennedy |lastauthoramp=yes | journal = Journal of Cuneiform Studies = |volume = 35 | issue = 1/2 | date = Jan–Apr 1983 | jstor = 3515942 | page = 63 }}</ref> The legal document<ref group=i>Legal document, BM 40548.</ref> dated to his ninth year records the sale of a large expanse of grazing land, ''eqel ša bīt ikkari'', “the field of the house of the farmer.” The land apparently bordered property belonging to an [[Arameans|Aramean]] sheikh, or ''nasīku'', evidence of permanent settlement rather than opportunistic raiding by this tribal group.<ref>{{ cite book | title = Dumu-e2-dub-ba-a: Studies in Honor of Ake W. Sjöberg | chapter = A Legal Text from the Reign of. Eriba-Marduk (ca. 775 B.C.) | author = J. A. Brinkman |editor1=H. Behrens |editor2=M. T. Roth | publisher = University Museum, Philadelphia | pages = 37–47 }}</ref>

He participated in the [[Akitu|Akītu]], or new year festival, first in the beginning of the second year of his reign, as his rule extended into northern Babylonia and he suppressed the incursions of nomads around Babylon and [[Borsippa]], restoring fields and orchards to their former owners. His religious devotions included restoring [[Marduk]]’s throne in the [[Esagila]] in Babylon.<ref group=i>The ''[[Eclectic Chronicle]]'' (ABC 24), BM 27859, r. 9–16.</ref> An inscription of [[Esarhaddon]] of Assyria (681–669 BC), relates how part of the temple of [[Ishtar|Ištar]] in the Eanna at [[Uruk]], the shrine of the goddess [[Nanaya]] originally built by [[Nazi-Maruttash|Nazi-Maruttaš]] in the 13th century, had been restored by Erība-Marduk. Not all restorations, however, were to the liking of his successors. According to the Harran stele of [[Nabonidus]] (555–539 BC), his reign witnessed a sacrilegious reform of the cult of Ištar (''bēltu ša Uruk'', “lady of Uruk”), when the people of Uruk replaced her statue with an unsuitable one, unyoking its team of lions and removing its shrine.<ref>{{ cite book | title = The Cambridge Ancient History: Volume 3, Part 1 | chapter = Babylonia c. 1000–748 BC | author = J. A. Brinkman |editor1=John Boardman |editor2=I. E. S. Edwards |editor3=N. G. L. Hammond |editor4=E. Sollberger | publisher = Cambridge University Press | year = 1982 | page = 311 }}</ref> This may have been part of a program of suppressing the licentious cults of the goddesses in southern Babylonia.<ref>{{ cite book | title = Babylonian Historical Texts Relating to the Capture and Downfall of Babylon | author = Sidney Smith | publisher = Taylor & Francis | year = 1924 | page = 58 }}</ref>

The only extant royal inscriptions from his reign are two duck-weights<ref group=i>30 [[ma (cuneiform)|MA]].NA [[gi (cuneiform)|GI]].NA É.[[GAL (cuneiform)|GAL]] ''eri-ba-''dAMAR.UTU LUGAL TIN.TIRKI: "30 minas, correct (weight). Palace of Eriba-Marduk, King of Babylon," BM 91433 and (possibly?) BM 12118.</ref> endorsed by Erība-Marduk’s palace administration, and a part of a solid clay cylinder<ref group=i>Cylinder MS 1846/4.</ref> thought to be commemorating the inauguration of cultic idols, their decoration and transport upstream on the river [[Euphrates]] to Uruk.<ref>{{ cite book | title = Cuneiform Royal Inscriptions and Related Texts in the Schøyen Collection | author = A. R. George | publisher = CDL Press | year = 2011 | pages = 171–177 }}</ref>

==Inscriptions==

<references group="i"/>

==References==

{{Reflist}}

{{Babylonian kings}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Eriba-Marduk}}
[[Category:Babylonian kings]]
[[Category:8th-century BC rulers]]

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