Test123: 1 revision imported

2018-03-18T16:32:53Z

1 revision imported

BigEars42: Altenative rendition and meaning of name

2016-10-16T14:47:09Z

Altenative rendition and meaning of name

New page

{{Infobox monarch
| name = Erra-Imittī
| title = King of [[Isin]]
| image=
| caption =
| reign = 1805–1799 BC
| coronation =
| predecessor = [[Lipit-Enlil]]
| successor = [[Enlil-bani|Enlil-bâni]]
| spouse =
| royal house = 1stDynasty of Isin
| father =
| mother =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| buried =}}

'''Erra-Imittī''', ([[cuneiform]]: d''èr-ra-i-mit-ti''<ref group=i>''Ur-Isin King List'' 14.</ref> or ''èr-ra-''ZAG.LU<ref group=i name=early>''Chronicle of Early Kings'' (ABC 20) A 31 to 36 and repeated as B 1 to 7.</ref> meaning “Support of [[Erra (god)|Erra]]”<ref>Imittu D in CAD i-j p. 126b “support”</ref>) ca. 1805–1799 BC ([[Short chronology timeline|short chronology]]) or ca. 1868–1861 BC ([[Chronology of the ancient Near East#Variant Bronze Age chronologies|middle chronology]]),<ref name=edzard>{{ cite book | title = Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie: Ia - Kizzuwatna | author = D. O. Edzard | editor = Erich Ebeling, Bruno Meissner | volume = 5 | publisher = Walter De Gruyter Inc | year = 1999 | page = 170 }}</ref> was king of [[Isin]], modern Ishan al-Bahriyat, and according to the ''[[Sumerian King List]]'' ruled for eight years. He succeeded [[Lipit-Enlil]], with whom his relationship is uncertain and was a contemporary and rival of [[Sumuel|Sūmû-El]] and [[Nur-Adad|Nūr-Adad]] of the parallel dynasty of [[Larsa]]. He is best known for the legendary tale of his demise, Shaffer’s “gastronomic mishap”.<ref>{{ cite journal | title = Enlilbani and the 'Dog House' in Isin | author = Aaron Shaffer | journal = Journal of Cuneiform Studies | volume = 26 | number = 4 | year = 1974 | jstor = 1359444 | page = 251 }}</ref>

==Biography==

He seems to have recovered control of [[Nippur]] from Larsa early in his reign but perhaps lost it again, as its recovery is celebrated again by his successor. The later regnal year-names offer some glimmer of events, for example “the year following the year Erra-Imittī seized [[Kisurra]]"<ref group=nb>BM 85348: mu ús-sa ki-sur-raki dÌr-ra-i-mi-ti ba-an-dib.</ref> (the modern site of Abū-Ḥaṭab) for the date of a receipt for a bridal gift and “the year Erra-Imittī destroyed the city wall of Kazallu,”<ref group=nb>YOS 14 319: mu dÌr-ra-i-mi-ti bàd ka-zal-luki ba-gal.</ref><ref>{{ cite book | title = Tablets from Kisurra in the Collections of British Museum | author = Anne Goddeeris | publisher = Harrassowitz | year = 2009 | page = 16 }}</ref> a city allied with Larsa and antagonistic to Isin and its ally, [[Babylon]]. His conquest of Kisurra would have been a significant escalation of hostilities against Isin's rival Larsa.<ref name=bryce>{{ cite book | title = The Routledge Handbook of The Peoples and Places of Ancient Western Asia | author = Trevor Bryce | publisher = Routledge | year = 2009 | page = 391 }}</ref> A haematite [[cylinder seal]]<ref group=i>Cylinder seal BM 130695.</ref> of his servant and scribe Iliška-uṭul, son of Sîn-ennam, has come to light from this city, suggesting prolonged occupation.<ref>{{ cite book | title = Old Babylonian Period (2003-1595 B.C.): Early Periods, Volume 4 | author = Douglas Frayne | publisher = University of Toronto Press | year = 1990 | page = 76 }}</ref> The latest attested year-name gives the year he built the city wall of ''gan-x-Erra-Imittī'', perhaps an eponymous new town.

When the omens predicted impending doom for a monarch, it was customary to appoint a substitute as a "statue though animate",<ref group=nb>NU-NÍG-SAG-ÍL-e.</ref> a scape-goat who stood in the place of the king but did not exercise power for a hundred days to deflect the disaster, at the end of which the proxy and his spouse would be ritually slaughtered and the king would resume his throne.<ref>{{ cite book | title = Daily Life in Ancient Mesopotamia | author = Karen Rhea Nemet-Nejat | publisher = Greenwood Press | year = 1998 | page = 189 }}</ref> The ''[[Chronicle of Early Kings]]''<ref group=i name=early/> relates that:

{{ quote|dÈr-ar-zà.dib lugal dEn-l íl-dù lúnu.kiri6 a-na nu nì.sag.gile ina gišgu.za-šú ú-še-šib aga lugalti-šú ina sag.du-šú iš-ta-kan dÈr-ra-i-mit-ti ina é.gal-šú pap-pa-su im-me-tú in sa-ra-pi-šú im-tu-ut dEn-l íl-dù šá in gišgu.za ú-ši-bi ul it-biim-tu-ut a-na lugal ú-tiit-taš-kan 
Translation: King Erra-imittī ordered Enlil-bâni, the gardener, to sit on the throne as a royal substitute (and) put the crown of kingship on his head. Erra-imittī died in his palace while swallowing hot porridge<ref group=nb>pappasu = a porridge, in CAD “p” vol. 12 (2005), p. 111, other translators say soup or broth.</ref> in little sips. [[Enlil-bani|Enlil-bâni]], who sat on the throne, did not resign and was elevated to the royal office.<ref name=glassner>{{ cite book | title = Mesopotamian Chronicles | author = [[Jean-Jacques Glassner]] | publisher = SBL | year = 2005 | page = 271 }}</ref>|Chronicle of early kings|after Glassner but with correction }}

Presumably his error was to remain in the palace while the substitute ceremony was conducted. While the tale may be apocryphal, it provides a literary demarcation between dynasties.<ref>{{ cite journal | title = The Limits of Skepticism | author = William W. Hallo | journal = Journal of the American Oriental Society | volume = 110 | number = 2 | year = 1990 | jstor = 604525 | page = 189 }}</ref> He was succeeded by [[Ikūn-pî-Ištar]], according to two variant copies of the [[Sumerian King List]], or Enlil-bâni, if the other sources are correct.<ref name=glassner/>

== Inscriptions ==
<references group="i"/>

== Notes ==
<references group="nb"/>

== External links ==
* [http://cdli.ucla.edu/tools/yearnames/HTML/T8K9.htm Erra-Imittī Year Names at CDLI]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Babylonian kings}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Erra-Imitti}}
[[Category:Babylonian kings]]
[[Category:19th-century BC rulers]]

← Older revision	Revision as of 16:32, 18 March 2018
(No difference)

Erra-imitti - Revision history

Test123: 1 revision imported

BigEars42: Altenative rendition and meaning of name