Test123: 1 revision imported

2018-03-18T16:32:04Z

1 revision imported

LouisAlain: link to new article

2016-09-18T19:27:45Z

link to new article

New page

{{Infobox monarch
| name = Kadašman-Ḫarbe I
| title = [[List of kings of Babylon|King of Babylon]]
| image=
| caption =
| reign = ca. 1400 BC
| coronation =
| predecessor = [[Karaindash|Karaindaš]]
| successor = [[Kurigalzu I]]
| spouse =
| royal house = [[Kassites|Kassite]]
| father =
| mother =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| buried =}}

'''Kadašman-Ḫarbe I''',inscribed in [[cuneiform]] contemporarily as ''Ka-da-áš-ma-an-Ḫar-be'' and meaning “he believes in Ḫarbe (a [[Kassite deities|Kassite god]] equivalent to [[Enlil]]),” was the 16th King of the [[Kassites|Kassite]] or 3rd dynasty of [[Babylon]],<ref name=mskh>{{cite book | title = Materials and Studies for Kassite History, Vol. I (MSKH I) | author = J. A. Brinkman | publisher = Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago | year = 1976 | pages = 15, 147 }}</ref> and the kingdom contemporarily known as [[Karduniaš|Kar-Duniaš]], during the late 15th to early 14th century, BC. It is now considered possible that he was the contemporary of Tepti Ahar, King of [[Elam]], as preserved in a tablet<ref group=i>Tablet H.T. 38 (472) with seal of Tepti Ahar at the end of the text.</ref> found at Haft Tepe in Iran. This is dated to the “year when the king expelled Kadašman-KUR.GAL,”<ref group=nb>The year name reads: “MU EŠŠANA KA''-da-aš-ma-an'' dKUR.GAL ''ú-sà-aḫ-ḫi-ru''” where KUR.GAL is taken as a metonym for Ḫarbe.</ref> thought by some historians to represent him<ref>{{cite journal | title = Tepti-ahar, King of Susa, and Kadašman-dKUR.GAL |author1=Cole, S. W. |author2=De Meyer, L. | journal = Akkadica | year = 1999 | number = 112 | pages = 44–45 }}</ref> although this identification (KUR.GAL = Ḫarbe) has been contested.<ref>{{ cite journal | title = dKUR.GAL à Suse et Haft-tépé | author = [[Jean-Jacques Glassner]] | journal = NABU | issue = 2 | year = 2000 | page = 40 }} no. 36.</ref> If this name is correctly assigned to him, it would imply previous occupation of, or suzerainty over, Elam.<ref>{{cite book | title = Excavations at Haft Tepe, Iran |author1=Ezat O. Negahban |author2=ʻIzzat Allāh Nigāhbān | publisher = University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology | year = 1999 | pages = 108, 138 }}</ref>

== His provenance ==
His immediate predecessor may have been [[Karaindash|Karaindaš]], but he was certainly father to the better known King, [[Kurigalzu I]], who succeeded him, as attested by his son in his autobiographical inscription, of which there are two copies, one a hexagonal prism<ref group=i>Prism BM 108982.</ref> and the other a cylinder.<ref group=i>Cylinder NBC 2503.</ref><ref>{{cite journal | title = Kurigalzu I and the restoration of Babylon | author = T Clayden | journal = Iraq | volume = 58 | pages = 109–121 | publisher = British Institute for the Study of Iraq | year = 1996 | jstor = 4200423 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | title = Fictional Akkadian autobiography: a generic and comparative study | author = Tremper Longman | publisher = Eisenbrauns | date = July 1, 1990 | pages = 88–91 | isbn = 0-931464-41-2 }} for the complete text.</ref>

Two baked-clay cones<ref group=i>Cones BM 91036 and BM 135743 in the British Museum.</ref> report [[Kadashman-Enlil I|Kadašman-Enlil’s]] honoring a [[Enlil-bānī land grant kudurru|land deed to Enlil-bānī]] made by Kurigalzu ''son of Kadašman-Ḫarbe''.<ref name=mskh/>{{rp|K.a.3.2.}} A legal text,<ref group=i>Tablet CBS 12914.</ref> dating perhaps to the reign of [[Nazi-Maruttash|Nazi-Maruttaš]], refers to him as the father of Kurigalzu.<ref>{{cite journal | author = A. Ungnad | year = 1923 | title = Schenkungsurkunde des Kurigalzu mar Kadasman-Harbe | journal = ANET | pages = 57–59 | publisher = S. N. Kramer }}</ref>

== Campaign against the Sutû ==
The most significant event of his reign appears to have been his aggressive campaign against the [[Suteans|Sutû]], a nomadic people along the middle Euphrates related to the [[Arameans]], and is described in the ''[[Chronicle P]]'',<ref group=i>{{cite web | title = Chronicle P, ABC 22, column 1 lines 6 through 9 | url = http://www.livius.org/cg-cm/chronicles/abc22/p.html | accessdate = July 29, 2011 }}</ref> in a somewhat garbled passage which superimposes events relating to the accession of Kurigalzu II, four generations later.<ref>{{cite book | title = Symposia celebrating the seventy-fifth anniversary of the founding of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 1900-1975 | editor = Frank Moore Cross | publisher = American Schools of Oriental Research | year = 1979 }}</ref> He claims to have “annihilated their extensive forces", then constructed fortresses in a mountain region called Ḫiḫi, in the Syrian desert as security outposts, and “he dug wells and settled people on fertile lands, to strengthen the guard”.<ref>{{cite book | title = Babylonians | author = H. W. F. Saggs | publisher = British Museum Press | year = 2000 | page = 117 }}</ref> These events seem to be confirmed in the opening six lines of text from an unpublished kudurru in the Yale Babylonian Collection<ref group=i>Kudurru YBC 2242.</ref> which describes his efforts to expel the Suteans from Babylonia.<ref>{{ cite book | title = American Oriental Society: Abstracts of the two hundred and fourteenth meeting | chapter = New Light on Chronicle P from an Unexpected Source: YBC 2242 | author = Kathryn E. Slanski | location = San Diego | date = April 4–7, 2003 | page = 14 }}</ref>

It has been suggested that the Babylonian work “King of all Habitations”, which is commonly referred to as the ''Epic of the plague-god [[Erra (god)|Erra]]'', is a Kassite period-piece which includes the description of a raid on [[Uruk]] by the Sutû and the subsequent cries for vengeance upon them.<ref name=edwards>{{cite book | title = Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 2, Part 2, History of the Middle East and the Aegean Region, c. 1380-1000 BC | editor = I. E. S. Edwards | publisher = Cambridge University Press | year = 1975 | page = 30 }}</ref> The epic consists of five tablets comprising some 750 lines and reached its final form with the Assyrians in the eighth century, but includes older elements.

== The canal of Diniktum ==
On a tablet<ref group=i>Tablet Ni. 3199, the earliest known Kassite economic text.</ref> which was found at [[Nippur]], a date “the year [in which] Kadašman-Ḫarbe, the king, dug the canal of [[Diniktum]]”,<ref group=nb>mu ''Ka-da-áš-ma-an-Ḫar-be'' lugal-˹e˺ íd ''Di-nik-tum'' ˹mu˺-un-b[al?]</ref> is attested. Diniktum has tentatively been identified as Tell Muḥammad.<ref>{{cite web | title = Cultural Property Training Resource | publisher = U.S. Department of Defense | url = http://www.cemml.colostate.edu/cultural/09476/iraq05-094.html | accessdate = July 29, 2011 }}</ref> Kadašman-Ḫarbe’s reign has been identified as the point when literary activity resumed at Nippur after three centuries of silence.<ref>{{cite journal | title = Archaeology | volume = 29-30 | publisher = Archaeological Institute of America | year = 1976 }}</ref>

== Inscriptions ==
<references group="i"/>

== Notes ==
<references group="nb"/>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Babylonian kings}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kadashman-harbe I}}
[[Category:Babylonian kings]]
[[Category:Kassite kings]]
[[Category:14th-century BC rulers]]

← Older revision	Revision as of 16:32, 18 March 2018
(No difference)

Kadashman-harbe I - Revision history

Test123: 1 revision imported

LouisAlain: link to new article