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{{Infobox monarch
| name = Kudur-Enlil
| title = [[List of kings of Babylon|King of Babylon]]
| image=
| caption =
| reign = c. 1254–1246 BC
| coronation =
| predecessor = [[Kadashman-Enlil II|Kadašman-Enlil II]]
| successor = [[Shagarakti-Shuriash|Šagarakti-Šuriaš]]
| spouse =
| royal house = [[Kassites|Kassite]]
| father =
| mother =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| buried =}}

'''Kudur-Enlil''', ''Ku-dur'' <sup>d</sup>EN.LÍL (c. 1254–1246 BC [[Short chronology timeline|short chronology]]), “son of Enlil,”<ref>CAD K, p. 497.</ref> was the 26th king of the 3rd or [[Kassites|Kassite]] dynasty of [[Babylon]]. He reigned into his ninth year, as attested in contemporary economic tablets.<ref>{{ cite book | title = A political history of post-Kassite Babylonia, 1158-722 B.C. | author = J. A. Brinkman | publisher = Analecta Orientalia | year = 1968 | page = 27 }}</ref> His relationship with his predecessor and successor is uncertain and does not appear in contemporary inscriptions.

==Biography==

He succeeded [[Kadashman-Enlil II|Kadašman-Enlil II]] and was possibly the first Kassite king to have a wholly Babylonian name,<ref name=brinkman>{{ cite book | title = Materials for the Study of Kassite History, Vol. I | author = J. A. Brinkman | publisher = Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago | year = 1976 | pages = 190–204 }}</ref> or one containing an [[Elam]]ite derived word, from kudurru,<ref>{{ cite book | title = Languages and Cultures in Contact at the Crossroads of Civilizations in the Syro-Mesopotamia Realm | chapter = The adaptation of the Kassites to the Babylonian Civilization | author = L. Sassmannshausen | editor = K. Van Lerberghe and G. Voet | publisher = Peeters Publishers | year = 2000 | page= 413 }} footnote 22.</ref> which might be middle Assyrian.<ref>{{ cite journal | title = Review: Administration and Society in Kassite Babylonia | author = J. A. Brinkman | journal = Journal of the American Oriental Society | volume = 124 | issue = 2 | date = 20 Aug 2011 | pages = 283–304 | doi=10.2307/4132216}}</ref> Although the Babylonian King List A records him as son of Kadašman-Enlil,<ref group=i>''Babylonian King List A'', BM 33332, ii 5: a broken and badly worn tablet in the British Museum, also errs with respect to the length of his reign, 6 years rather than 9 proven by economic texts, after Brinkman MSKH I p. 430.</ref> it is a late source and no contemporary inscriptions exist which support this contention. It has been suggested that he may in fact have been the brother of Kadašman-Enlil,<ref>{{ cite journal | title = Kadašman-Enlil, Kadašman-Turgu und die kassitische Chronologie des 14. und 13.Jahrhunderts v.Chr. | author = Johannes Boese | journal = Altorientalische Forschungen | volume = 36 | issue = 1 | year = 2009 | pages = 85–96 | doi=10.1524/aofo.2009.0003}}</ref> as his predecessor ascended the throne as a child and ruled perhaps nine years.

A ''daughter of Babylon'' was married into the Hittite royal family, possibly to [[Tudhaliya IV]], a younger son of [[Hattusili III|Ḫattušili III]] who went on to succeed him. This would have been a daughter or sister of Kudur-Enlil and the news elicited contempt from [[Ramesses II]], king of Egypt, who apparently no longer regarded Babylon significant. [[Puduhepa|Pudu-Ḫepa]], the Hittite queen, replied in a letter,<ref group=i>KUB 21.38: letter from Pudu-Ḫepa.</ref> ‘If you say ‘‘the king of Babylon is not a Great King’’, then you do not know the status of Babylon’.<ref>{{ cite book | title = The Kingdom of the Hittites | author = Trevor Bryce | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 2005 | pages = 297–298 }}</ref>

===Nippur renaissance===

[[Nippur]] experienced explosive growth under Kudur-Enlil and his successor, with the city expanding almost to its [[Third Dynasty of Ur|Ur III]] extent.<ref>{{ cite book | title = Nippur III, Kassite Buildings in Area WC-1 | author = Richard L. Zettler| publisher = Oriental Institute Publication | year = 1993 | page = 9 |display-authors=etal}}</ref> Kudur-Enlil extensively refurbished the [[Enlil]] Temple in Nippur, with its baked-brick bench or [[Socle (architecture)|socle]] lining the base of all except the northeast outer walls. The later period of construction is witnessed by his [[mudbrick stamp|stamped brick]] inscriptions<ref group=i>Stamped bricks IM 56097 and IM 61767 in the [[National Museum of Iraq]] and more than forty others.</ref> which describe him as a benefactor of the temple.<ref name=brinkman/> A brick of Kudur-Enlil bearing a twelve-line Sumerian inscription which was found inside the temple states that he built the supporting wall with bitumen and baked bricks.<ref>5 NT 700, now in the Iraq Museum.</ref> It was customary for the king to travel to Nippur at the 'beginning of the year' for the [[Akitu]] spring festival and there is an example of a record of the 'return of the crown prince' in the third year of Kudur-Enlil.<ref>{{ cite book | title = Beiträge zur Verwaltung und Gesellschaft Babyloniens in der Kassitenzeit | author = Leonhard Sassmannshausen | publisher = Philipp Von Zabern | year = 2001 | page = 13 }}</ref>

His name appears on various votive and civic monument inscriptions, as well as on numerous economic texts, such as a legal text about the escape and capture of a slave and a note of payment for mat-makers.<ref>{{ cite book | title = Catalogue of Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum, Volume II | author = M. Sigrist, H. H. Figulla and C. B. F. Walker | publisher = British Museum Press | year = 1996 | pages = 79, 82 }}</ref><ref group=i>Tablets BM 17626 and BM 17710.</ref> The extent to which the number of texts extant reflects the degree of economic activity is disputed, possibly more due to fortuitous discovery of archives, however, more than 200 have been recovered, dated for a reign of only nine years.<ref name=brinkman/>

===Other Babylonian centers===

Excavations at `Aqar-Qūf, ancient [[Dur-Kurigalzu|Dūr-Kurigalzu]] revealed in level II inscriptions of the time of Kudur-Enlil and the later king [[Kashtiliash IV|Kaštiliašu IV]],<ref>{{ cite book | title = The Chronology of Ancient Western Asia and Egypt | author = P. Van Der Meer | publisher = E. J. Brill | year = 1955 | page = 19 }}</ref> showing that this city continued to be occupied by Kassite kings long after its foundation by [[Kurigalzu I]]. There are one or two administrative records amongst a cache of 64 from the palace dated to him. A private archive from Babylon of seven clay tablets in a pot includes legal texts dated to his reign.<ref name=olof>{{ cite book | title = Archives and Libraries of the Ancient Near East: 1500–300 BC | author = Olof Pedersén | publisher = CDL Press | year = 1998 | pages = 107–108 }}</ref>

A [[Kudurru]] stone,<ref group=i>Kudurru L. 7076 land grant and tax exemptions.</ref> found at Larsa, recorded a land grant and tax exemptions, or ''zakûtu''.<ref name=brinkman/>

==Inscriptions==

<references group="i"/>

==References==

{{Reflist}}

{{Babylonian kings}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kudur-Enlil}}
[[Category:Babylonian kings]]
[[Category:Kassite kings]]
[[Category:13th-century BC rulers]]

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