Test123: 1 revision imported

2018-03-18T16:32:58Z

1 revision imported

KasparBot: migrating Persondata to Wikidata, please help, see challenges for this article

2016-05-18T09:52:57Z

migrating Persondata to Wikidata, please help, see challenges for this article

New page

{{Infobox monarch
| name = Marduk-šāpik-zēri
| title = [[List of kings of Babylon|King of Babylon]]
| image = Marduk-shapik-zeri cylinder.jpg
| caption = Cylinder of Marduk-šāpik-zēri commemorating reconstruction of the Imgur-Enlil wall of Babylon.<ref group=i name=bei>BE I 148, ii 3-8.</ref>
| reign = ca. 1082–1069 BC
| coronation =
| predecessor = [[Marduk-nadin-ahhe|Marduk-nadin-aḫḫē]]
| successor = [[Adad-apla-iddina]]
| spouse =
| royal house = 2nd Dynasty of Isin
| father =
| mother =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| buried =}}

'''Marduk-šāpik-zēri''', inscribed in [[cuneiform]] dAMAR.UTU-DUB-NUMUN or phonetically ''-ša-pi-ik-ze-ri'', and meaning “[[Marduk]] (is) the outpourer of seed”, ca. 1082–1069 BC, was the 7th king of the 2nd dynasty of [[Isin]] and 4th dynasty of [[Babylon]] and he ruled for 13 years.<ref group=i>''Babylonian King List C'' 7.</ref> His relationship with his predecessor, [[Marduk-nadin-ahhe|Marduk-nādin-aḫḫē]] is uncertain. His reign overlapped that of the [[Assyria]]n king [[Ashur-bel-kala|Aššur-bēl-kala]] and his immediate predecessor(s) as the ''Synchronistic King List''<ref group=i>''Synchronistic King List'', tablet KAV 216, excavation reference Ass 14616c, ii 18, 20.</ref> places him alongside both [[Tiglath-Pileser I|Tukultī-apil-Ešarra]] and Aššur-bēl-kala.

==Biography==

He succeeded Marduk-nadin-aḫḫē, who may possibly have been his father or brother, during a time when the [[Arameans]], driven by famine, were engaged in attacking the Assyrias under Tukultī-apil-Ešarra during his latter years, which Younger places in Tukultī-apil-Ešarra’s 32nd year, or 1081/80 BC.<ref>{{ cite book | title = Ugarit at Seventy-Five | author = K. Lawson Younger | publisher = Eisenbrauns | year = 2007 | page = 148 }}</ref> The events are recorded on a fragmentary chronicle.<ref group=i>Assyrian chronicle fragment 4 8f.</ref> In a letter from the Babylonian astrologer Bel-ušezib to [[Esarhaddon]], 681 – 669 BC, he wrote, “Bel has said: May Esarhaddon, king of Assyria, be seated on his throne like ''Marduk-šāpik-zēri!'' – I will deliver all the countries into his hands!”<ref>{{ cite book | title = Prophets and Prophecy in the Ancient Near East | author = Martti Nissinen | publisher = Society of Biblical Literature | year = 2003 | page = 106 }}</ref> and this may suggest that he was a younger son of [[Nebuchadnezzar I|Nabû-kudurri-uṣur]] or there was perhaps a struggle over the succession.<ref name=edwards>{{ cite book | title = Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 2, Part 2, History of the Middle East and the Aegean Region, c. 1380-1000 BC | chapter = XXXI: Assyria and Babylonia, 1200-1000 B.C. | author = D. J. Wiseman | editor = I. E. S. Edwards | publisher = Cambridge University Press | year = 1975 | pages = 446, 487 }}</ref>

He repaired the E-zida at [[Borsippa]] as witnessed by a building inscription, reproduced on a neo-Babylonian tablet,<ref group=i>BM 26295.</ref> from the reign of [[Kandalanu]] whose colophon records that it was copied by Nabû-šumu-līšir. He provided gold votive offerings to the temples of [[Ur]], [[Nippur]] and elsewhere.<ref name=edwards/> He rebuilt the wall of Babylon, the Imgur-Enlil, for which a fragmentary inscription<ref group=i name=bei/> has come to light,<ref group=nb>in qé r[e-eb] ká.dingir.[raki ba-ba-[ti] ú-dan-n[in-ma] bàd im-gur-[den-lil] bàd x-[…]</ref><ref>{{ cite book | title = Babylonian Topographical Texts | author = A. R. George | publisher = Peeters Publishers | year = 1992 | page = 344 }}</ref> confirmed by the ''[[Eclectic Chronicle]]''<ref group=i>The ''Eclectic Chronicle'' (ABC 24), tablet BM 27859 obverse lines 4 to 7.</ref> which continues,

{{ quote|He conquered the kings of the lands. During his reign, the people of the land enjoyed prosperity. He made an entente cordiale with Aššur-bêl-kala, king of Assyria. At that time, the king went from Assyria to Sippar.|Eclectic Chronicle|Lines 5 to 7.}}

The ''Synchronistic Chronicle''<ref group=i>''Synchronistic Chronicle'' (ABC 21) ii 25-30.</ref> confirms the alliance with Assyria, probably forged to counter the growing threat from the Arameans, and notes that he died during Aššur-bêl-kala’s reign.<ref name=brinkman>{{ cite book | title = A political history of post-Kassite Babylonia, 1158-722 B.C. | author = J. A. Brinkman | publisher = Pontificium Institutum Biblicum | year = 1968 | pages = 130–134 }}</ref> This records his name as ''Marduk-shapik-zer-mati'' and it has been argued by Poebel that this is merely a scribal error, where MAN, ''šar'', “king,” was taken to be part of his name. There seems to have been a military intervention in the region of [[Dur-Kurigalzu|Dūr-Kurgalzu]] by Aššur-bel-kala towards the end of his reign, as the Assyrian king’s Broken Obelisk inscription records that he captured [[Kadašman-Buriaš]], “governor of their land.”

A [[kudurru]]<ref group=i>Kudurru BM 104404, XII.</ref> records the recovery of certain landed property by Sîn-Kabti-ilāni, the son of Šamaš-šum-lišir and grandson of Kudurri,<ref>{{ cite book | title = Babylonian boundary-stones and memorial tablets in the British Museum (BBSt) | author = L. W. King | location = London | publisher = British Museum | year = 1912 | pages = 80–81 }}</ref> the ''šāqû'' (lúBI.LUL), “cupbearer”.<ref>{{ cite book | title = Beiträge zur Verwaltung und Gesellschaft Babyloniens in der Kassitenzeit | author = Leonhard Sassmannshausen | publisher = Philipp von Zabern | year = 2001 | page = 511 }}</ref> He granted land<ref group=i>Land grant to Širikti-Šuqamuna kudurru, IM 74651 in the [[National Museum of Iraq]]</ref> in his first year to his trusty ''šakin bāb ekalli'', or palace gate officer, Širikti-Šuqamuna, the successor in this role to Uzib-Šiparru, and the land surveyor Nabû-zēra-iddina, “son of Arad-Ea”, was dispatched with a court official to measure it.<ref>{{ cite journal | title = Ein ‘Grenzstein’ aus dem ersten (?) Regierungsjahr des Königs Marduk-šāpik-zēri | author = F. Reschid, C. Wilcke | journal = Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie | year = 1975 | volume = 65 | number = 1 | pages = 34–62 }}</ref> A kudurru of his reign<ref group=i>Kudurru IM 80908.</ref> records another member of the Arad-Ea clan measuring a field with a local official.<ref>{{ cite book | title = Mathematics in Ancient Iraq: A Social History | author = Eleanor Robson | publisher = Princeton University Press | year = 2008 | page = 174 }}</ref> If the reference to Marduk-[…] can be identified with him in the ''[[Chronicle of the Market Prices]]'',<ref group=i>''Chronicle of the Market Prices'' (ABC 23), broken tablet BM 48498, lines 14 and 15.</ref> the cost of goods was unexceptional.<ref name=edwards/> Another fragment of a kudurru<ref group=i>Kudurru YBC 2154, in the Yale Babylonian Collection, New Haven.</ref> has a secondary inscription dated to his twelfth year. An inscription of Napsamenni, chief of the seers and high priest of Enlil in Nippur, adorns a duck weight, and there is an economic text<ref group=i>IM 85484, fragment of an administrative document, excavated 1926–7 by Woolley in the domestic quarter just outside the south-west wall of the temenos at Ur.</ref> dated to his third year.<ref name=brinkman/> This is an administrative record of an inspection by a storeman dated to the 30th day of the month of Ayaru (around March) marked with the seal of the king's officer, Adad-kudurra-uṣur.<ref>{{ cite book | title = Middle Babylonian Legal & Economic Texts from Ur | author = O. R. Gurney | publisher = British School of Archaeology in Iraq | year = 1983 | page = 57 }} text 13.</ref>

==Inscriptions==

<references group="i"/>

==Notes==

<references group="nb"/>

==References==

{{Reflist}}

{{Babylonian kings}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Marduk-shapik-zeri}}
[[Category:Babylonian kings]]
[[Category:11th-century BC rulers]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:Year of death missing]]

← Older revision	Revision as of 16:32, 18 March 2018
(No difference)

Marduk-shapik-zeri - Revision history

Test123: 1 revision imported

KasparBot: migrating Persondata to Wikidata, please help, see challenges for this article