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{{Infobox monarch
| name = Nabû-apla-iddina
| title = [[List of kings of Babylon|King of Babylon]]
| image= Nabu-apla-iddina confirming a grant of land.jpg
| caption = A tablet now in the [[British Museum]]<ref group=i>Stone tablet BM or ME 90922, published as BBSt XXVIII.</ref> showing Nabu-apla-iddina (right) confirming a grant of land to a priest of the same name dated to his 20th year, found at Abu-Habbah (= [[Sippar]]) in 1881 by [[Hormuzd Rassam]].
| reign = c. 888 – 855 BC
| coronation =
| predecessor = [[Nabu-shuma-ukin I|Nabû-šuma-ukin I]]
| successor = [[Marduk-zakir-shumi I|Marduk-zakir-šumi I]]
| spouse =
| royal house = Dynasty of ''E''
| father =
| mother =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| buried =}}

'''Nabû-apla-iddina''', inscribed md''Nábû-ápla-iddina''na<ref group=i name=sync>''Synchronistic History'', tablet K4401a (ABC 21), iii 22–26.</ref> or md''Nábû-apla-íddina'',<ref group=i>''Synchronistic Kinglist'' fragments VAT 11261 (KAV 10), ii 8, and Ass. 13956dh (KAV 182), iii 11.</ref> = c. 888 – 855 BC, was the 6th king of the dynasty of ''E'' of [[Babylon]] and he reigned for at least 32 years.<ref group=i>Kudurru AO 21422 in the Louvre.</ref> During much of Nabû-apla-iddina's reign Babylon faced a significant rival in [[Assyria]] under the rule of [[Ashurnasirpal II|Aššur-nāṣir-apli II]]. Nabû-apla-iddina was able to avoid both outright war and significant loss of territory although there was some low level conflict including a case where he sent a party of troops led by his brother to aid rebels in [[Suhu]] (Suhi,Sukhu,Suru). Later in his reign Nabu-apla-iddina agreed to a treaty with Aššur-nāṣir-apli II’s successor [[Shalmaneser III|Šulmānu-ašarēdu III]]. Internally Nabu-apla-iddina worked on the reconstruction of temples and something of a literary revival took place during his reign with many older works being recopied.<ref name=cah>{{ cite book | title = The Cambridge ancient history, Volume 3, Part 1 | chapter = Babylonia: c. 1000–748 BC | author = J. A. Brinkman |editor1=John Boardman |editor2=I. E. S. Edwards |editor3=N. G. L. Hammond |editor4=E. Sollberger | publisher = Cambridge University Press | pages = 292–293, 302–305 }}</ref>

==Biography==

The 9th century BC was marked by a recovery of sorts after terrible instability of the preceding hundred and fifty years when [[Aramaean]] tribes had wantonly raided into Mesopotamia. He was the 2nd of four successive generations of a single family to rule. His father, [[Nabu-shuma-ukin I|Nabû-šuma-ukin I]], had preceded him and he was to be succeeded by his son, [[Marduk-zakir-shumi I|Marduk-zakir-šumi I]]. The ''Synchronistic Kinglist''<ref group=i>''Synchronistic Kinglist'' (KAV 216), Ass. 14616c, iii 18.</ref> gives his Assyrian contemporary as Aššur-nāṣir-apli II although his reign extended on into that of Šulmānu-ašarēdu III.

He provided troops to the state of Suḫu (Suhi) in the middle Euphrates valley as part of its 878 BC revolt against Aššur-nāṣir-apli II. Kudurru,the governor of the fortress of Suru had defiantly refused to pay the Assyrians tribute, provoking their wrath. Nabû-apla-iddina's own
brother Zabdanu and the diviner Bel-apli-iddina led the army of 3000 and following their defeat were taken prisoner. Although Aššur-nāṣir-apli claimed to have conquered the border fortresses Hirimmu and Harutu in his own inscriptions, this may be a restatement of his father, [[Tukulti-Ninurta II]]’s campaigns.

His reign marks the last time a governor of [[Isin]] was to appear as a prominent official in a legal document, and the roles of [[Kassites]] were to be central to the monarchy, occupying high positions at court. The province of [[Chaldea]] in southern Babylonia was first mentioned and the ''šakin temi'' begins to serve as regional governor. There was a shift in fashion, where, for example, the feathered crown is replaced by a peaked dome as a headdress of the king.<ref name=brinkman>{{ cite book | title = Reallexikon der Assyriologie und vorderasiatischen Archäologie: Nab-Nuzi | chapter = Nabû-apla-iddina | author = J. A. Brinkman |editor1=Erich Ebeling |editor2=Bruno Meissner |editor3=Dietz Otto Edzard | publisher = Walter de Gruyter | year = 2001 | pages = 29 –30 }}</ref>

His inscriptions adorn perhaps five [[kudurru]]s,<ref group=i>In addition to those cited add BM 90936, a corn-land deed from Abul-Ninurta to […]-uṣur, son of Arad-Nergal (BBSt. no. 29), and also VS 1, 57.</ref> a possession inscription of his eldest son, and he is referenced in three Assyrian kinglists and two chronicles.<ref group=i>The ''[[Eclectic Chronicle]]'' (ABC 24), tablet BM 27859, r 4–5.</ref> Towards the end of his reign he concluded a treaty with Šulmānu-ašarēdu III which was to prove instrumental in stabilizing his successor [[Marduk-zakir-shumi I|Marduk-zakir-šumi I]]’s rule, following the revolt of his brother, Marduk-bēl-ušati.<ref group=i name=sync/> His reign is mentioned in a later copy of an offering list of aromatics<ref group=i>Tablet BM 54060 neo-Babylonian list of aromatics.</ref> used in the cult of [[Marduk]] in the Esagila at Babylon,<ref>{{ cite book | title = Philologisches und Historisches zwischen Anatolien und Sokotra | chapter = Die Kralle des Meeres und andere Aramota | author = Michael Jursa | publisher = Otto Harrassowitz | year = 2009 | pages = 147–177 }}</ref> and in a contemporary temple ordinance tablet<ref group=i>Ash. 1922.256 (OECT 1, plates 20f) distributing meat in the Eanna.</ref> distributing meats in the Eanna temple in [[Uruk]].<ref>{{ cite journal | title = Distribution of Meat in Eanna | author = Gilbert J. P. McEwan | journal = Iraq | volume = 45 | issue = 2 | date = Autumn 1983 | pages = 187–198 | doi=10.2307/4200201}}</ref>

===The Sun God tablet===

[[Image:Tablet of Shamash relief.jpg|thumb|right|The Sun God Tablet.<ref group=i>Tablet BM or ME 91000, published as BBSt XXXVI.</ref>]]

{{Main|Tablet of Shamash}}

The ravages of the Suteans during the 11th century reign of [[Adad-apla-iddina]] (1067-1046 BC) had resulted in the cities of [[Uruk]] and [[Nippur]] being sacked and temples of Sippar being so thoroughly destroyed that the cultic iconography of Šamaš was irretrievably lost. The intervening reign of [[Simbar-shipak|Simbar-Šipak]] (c.1025-1008 BC) had resulted in a votive disc being suspended as a substitute and a priest, Ekur-šum-ušabši, being appointed. Under the reign of [[Kashshu-nadin-ahi|Kaššu-nādin-aḫi]] (c. 1006-1004 BC)) a prebend had been provided to the priest. Not until Nabû-apla-iddina’s reign, however, was a replacement icon crafted for installation in the Ebabbar temple in [[Sippar]], celebrated in the Sun God Tablet (pictured), also known as the ''tablet of Shamash''. He is portrayed being led by Nabû-nadin-shum, the priest and descendant of Ekur-šum-ušabši, and the goddess Aa, facing the seated figure of Šamaš. The inscription celebrates Nabû-apla-iddina’s victory over the Sutû, the “evil foe,” being the first Babylonian king in over two centuries (since [[Nebuchadnezzar I|Nabû-kudurrī-uṣur I]], c. 1126–1103 BC) to claim a military title, “heroic warrior .. who bears an awe-inspiring bow …,” for their overthrow.

The tablet was rediscovered some 250 years later by [[Nabopolassar|Nabû-apal-usur]] (625 BC - 605 BC), when it was already broken, and he had it placed in a clay box with his own inscription for safe keeping where it was discovered in the 19th century.<ref>{{ cite book | title = Babylonian boundary-stones and memorial tablets in the British Museum ("BBSt") | author = L. W. King | location = London | publisher = British Museum | year = 1912 | pages = 120–127 }} no. XXXVI.</ref>

===Literary revival===

There is some evidence for a literary revival, with fresh editions of the [[Utukku|''Utukkū Lemnūtu'']] series and the [[Esagil-kin-apli#The Sakikkū (SA.GIG)|''Sakikkū'' (SA.GIG)]] texts prepared, and for the sharing of a scribe between the Babylonian and Assyrian courts. Kabti-ilani-Marduk’s work, the ''Epic of the plague god [[Erra (god)|Erra]]'', is sometimes dated to his reign and is certainly of this period.<ref name=cah/>

==Inscriptions==

<references group="i"/>

==References==

{{Reflist}}

{{Babylonian kings}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nabu-apla-iddina}}
[[Category:9th-century BC rulers]]
[[Category:Babylonian kings]]

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