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{{Infobox monarch
| name = Nabû-šuma-iškun
| title = [[List of kings of Babylon|King of Babylon]]
| image = VA 3031.jpg
| caption = Line art for a kudurru of the time of Nabû-šuma-iškun<ref group=i name=nabu>Kudurru VA 3031 (VS I 36).</ref>
| reign = ca. 761 – 748 BC
| coronation =
| predecessor = [[Eriba-Marduk|Erība-Marduk]]
| successor = [[Nabonassar|Nabû-Nasir]]
| spouse =
| royal house = Dynasty of ''E'' (mixed dynasties)
| father =
| mother =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| buried =}}

'''Nabû-šuma-iškun''', inscribed md''Nabû-šuma-iškun''un,<ref group=i>''Kinglist A'', BM 33332, iv 2.</ref> was king of [[Babylon]], speculatively ca. 761 – 748 BC (see below for provenance), and ruled during a time of great civil unrest. He came from the Bīt-Dakkūri tribe,<ref group=i name=imbi>Cylinder of Nabû-šuma-imbi, BM 33428, i 17.</ref> a [[Chaldea]]n group apparently unrelated to that of his immediate predecessor, [[Eriba-Marduk|Erība-Marduk]].

==Biography==

His place in the sequence of Babylonian rulers is confirmed by an [[Assyria]]n ''Synchronistic Kinglist'' fragment.<ref group=i>''Synchronistic Kinglist'' fragment, VAT 11345 (published as KAV 13), 5.</ref> A contemporary source for information concerning his reign is found in an inscription of the governor of [[Borsippa]], Nabû-šuma-imbi, which highlights his weakness and the autonomy of his regional officials.<ref>{{ cite book | title = The Oxford Handbook of Cuneiform Culture |author1=Karen Radner |author2=Eleanor Robson | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 2011 | page = 740 }}</ref> His barrel cylinder<ref group=i name=imbi/> records the struggle over the control of their fields in the face of the incursions of marauders from Babylon and [[Dilbat]]; also Chaldeans and [[Arameans]]. At night, the city streets and its temple area were transformed into a battleground. During the fifth and sixth years of the king, the strife was so great that the cultic idol of [[Nabu|Nabû]] was prevented from participating in the [[Akitu|Akītu]], or new year festival in Babylon.<ref group=i>Chronicle 15, ''Concerning the Reign of Šamaš-šuma-ukin'', BM 96273, 22.</ref> The coincidental recording of years five and six of a no longer legible ruler in the ''[[Chronicle of the Market Prices]]'' has led this reference to be assigned to him.<ref group=i>The ''Chronicle of the Market Prices'' (ABC 23), BM 48498, r 6f.</ref><ref>{{ cite book | title = Assyrian and Babylonian chronicles | author = A. K. Grayson | publisher = J. J. Augustin | year = 1975 | page = 229 }}</ref> In the king’s eighth year, Nabû-šuma-imbi was able to install a certain Nabû-mutakkil as a temple official<ref group=i name=nabu/> and repair the Ezida temple of Nabû storehouses.<ref>{{ cite book | title = The Cambridge Ancient History: Volume 3, Part 1 | chapter = Babylonia c. 1000–748 BC | author = J. A. Brinkman |editor1=John Boardman |editor2=I. E. S. Edwards |editor3=N. G. L. Hammond |editor4=E. Sollberger | publisher = Cambridge University Press | year = 1982 | page = 311 }}</ref>

He is the main subject of a chronicle,<ref group=i>[http://www.livius.org/cg-cm/chronicles/cm/nabu-shuma-ishkun.html ''Chronographic document concerning Nabu-šuma-iškun'', excavation number W 22660/0, CM 52 in J. J. Glassner’s “Chronique Mésopotamiennes,” 1993, pp. 235–240].</ref> "The [[Crimes and Sacrileges of Nabu-šuma-iškun]]", uncovered in [[Uruk]] in a [[Seleucid]] era dwelling belonging to the exorcist Anu-ikṣur on the [[Parthia]]n mound southeast of the Eanna complex,<ref>{{ cite journal | title = The Crimes and Sacrileges of Nabû-šuma-iškun | author = Steven W. Cole | journal = Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie | volume = 84 | issue = 2 | year = 1994 | page = 220 | doi=10.1515/zava.1994.84.2.220}}</ref> whose underlying theme is his violation of all moral and legal principles and consequentially – his ignominious demise. His crimes included “burn(ing) alive sixteen [[Kutha|Cutheans]] at Zababa's gate in the heart of Babylon;” “he committed insult and unspeakable slander” of a certain Iltagal-il of the town Dur-ša-Karbi, and “a leek, a thing forbidden in the Ezida, he brought to the temple of Nabû and gave to eat to the one 'entering the temple'(i.e. the priest)," apparently an unforgivable act. Unfortunately the Chronicle was damaged in antiquity so how he met his come-uppance is not preserved. The length of his reign is uncertain, as it is not preserved in chronicle<ref group=i>''[[Dynastic Chronicle]]'' vi 9.</ref> or king list references, but his reign is known to have ended in 748 BC as the chronology is fixed from the reign of [[Nabonassar|Nabû-Nasir]] onward, and there is a legal text<ref group=i>Legal text BM 26528, published as NABU 97-1 no. 11.</ref> recording the sale of a plot of land, and a grain receipt<ref group=i>Grain receipt, MLC 1812, published as BRM 1 2.</ref> dated to his tenth year,<ref>{{ cite journal | title = Notes on two early Neo-Babylonian legal texts | author = J. A. Brinkman | journal = Nabu | volume = 49 | year = 2005 }}</ref> and two economic texts<ref group=i>Tablet BM 108527.</ref><ref group=i>Cattle account, MLC 1813, published as BRM 1 3.</ref> to his thirteenth year.

==Inscriptions==

<references group="i"/>

==References==

{{Reflist}}

{{Babylonian kings}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nabu-shuma-ishkun}}
[[Category:Babylonian kings]]
[[Category:8th-century BC rulers]]

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