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The '''Assyrian/Chaldean/Syriac''' [[diaspora]] (''Galuta''{{citation neededFile:Chaldean_People_of_Mesopotamia_Iraq,_Syria,_Iran_and_Turkey_2015-05-06_00-11.jpg|date=April 2015}}) refers to the estimated population of [[indigenous peoplesthumbnail|indigenous]] ''ethnic'' [[Assyrian people|Assyrians]] who share a common language Chaldean People of [[Eastern Aramaic]] and ancient [[Assyria]] in-[[Upper Mesopotamia]]n ancestry who migrated outside of their original Mesopotamian [[Assyrian homeland|homeland]] of northern [[Iraq]], northwest [[Syria, Iran]], northeast [[Syria]] and southeast [[Turkey]].<ref>"The Chaldean Assyrian Syriac People of Iraq: An Ethnic Identity Problem: by Shak Hanish http://www.syriacstudies.com/2013/02/04/the-chaldean-assyrian-syriac-people-of-iraq-an-ethnic-identity-problem-shak-hanish/</ref>

They are a The '''Chaldean''' [[Semitic people|Semiticdiaspora]] (''Galuta''{{citation needed|date=April 2015}}) refers to the estimated population of [[Christianindigenous peoples|indigenous]] ''ethnic'' [[Chaldean people, with most being members |Chaldeans]] who share a common language of the Chaldean [[Assyrian Church of the EastEastern Aramaic]], and ancient [[Syriac Orthodox ChurchMesopotamia]], in-[[Chaldean Catholic Church]], ancestry who migrated outside of their original Mesopotamian [[Ancient Church Chaldean Attractions Map|homeland]] of the East[[Iraq]], northwest [[Assyrian Pentecostal ChurchIran]], northeast [[Syria]] and southeast [[Assyrian Evangelical ChurchTurkey]].<ref>"The Chaldean Assyrian Syriac People of Iraq: An Ethnic Identity Problem: by Shak Hanish http://www.syriacstudies.com/2013/02/04/the-chaldean-assyrian-syriac-people-of-iraq-an-ethnic-identity-problem-shak-hanish/</ref>

They are a [[Semitic people|Semitic]] [[Christian]] people, with most being members of the [[Chaldean Church of the East]], [[Syriac Orthodox Church]], [[Chaldean Catholic Church]], and [[Ancient Church of the East]].  The worldwide diaspora of Assyrian Chaldean communities begins during [[World War I]], with the [[Assyrian Chaldean Genocide]] by the [[Young Turks]] government of the [[Turkish people|Turkish]] [[Ottoman Empire]], together with allied [[Kurdish people|Kurdish]], [[Iranian peoples|Iranian]] and [[Arab]] tribes. The emigration of Assyrians Chaldeans out of the Middle East accelerated further beginning in the 1980s, with mainly [[Neo-Aramaic]] speaking ethnic Assyrians Chaldeans fleeing persecution in the [[Islamic Republic of Iran]] and in [[Ba'athist Iraq]], and again in the wake of the [[Iraq War]] during the 2000s.<ref name="Codeswitching Worldwide II"/>

!Country or Region

!Estimated Assyrian-Chaldean-Syriac <br/> Population (2008)

!% AssyrianChaldean

|[[Assyrians Chaldeans in Iraq]]

|[[Assyrians Chaldeans in Syria]]

|[[Assyrians Chaldeans in the United States|Assyrian/Chaldeans/Syriac Chaldean American]]

|[[Assyrians Chaldeans in Sweden]]

|[[Assyrians Chaldeans in Jordan]]

|[[Assyrians Chaldeans in Germany]]

|[[Assyrians Chaldeans in Iran]]

|[[Assyrians Chaldeans in Lebanon]]

|[[Assyrians Chaldeans in Turkey]]

|[[Assyrians Chaldeans in Russia]]

|[[Assyrians Chaldeans in Australia|Assyrian/Chaldo-Assyrian/Syriac Chaldean Australian]]

|[[Assyrians Chaldeans in Canada|Assyrian/Chaldo-Assyrian/Syriac Chaldean Canadian]]

|[[Assyrians Chaldeans in the Netherlands]]

|[[Assyrians Chaldeans in France]]

|[[Assyrians Chaldeans in Georgia]]

|[[Assyrians Chaldeans in Armenia]]

|[[Assyrians Chaldeans in Greece]]

|[[Assyrians Chaldeans in the United Kingdom]]

[[File:Assyrians Chaldeans in Russia.jpg|thumb|250ppx|Assyrians Chaldeans in Russia protesting Iraq Church bombings in 2006]]

Assyrians Chaldeans came to [[Russia]] and the [[Soviet Union]] in three main waves. The first wave was after the [[Treaty of Turkmenchay]] in 1828, that delineated a border between [[Russia]] and [[Persia]]. Many Assyrians Chaldeans found themselves suddenly under Russian sovereignty and thousands of relatives crossed the border to join them.

The third wave came after World War II, when Moscow unsuccessfully tried to establish [[Republic of Mahabad|a satellite state in Iran]]. Soviet troops withdrew in 1946, and left the Assyrians Chaldeans exposed to exactly the same kind of retaliation that they had suffered from the Turks 30 years earlier. Again, many Assyrians Chaldeans found refuge in the Soviet Union, this time mainly in the cities. From 1937 to 1959, the Assyrian Chaldean population in USSR grew by 587.3%<ref name="An Ethnic History of Russia Pre-revolutionary Times to the Present"/>

The Soviets, expressed an atheistic ideology, in the thirties oppressed anyone who expressed any religious affiliation and as a result the Soviet authority persecuted Assyrian Chaldean religious and community leaders, in the same way as the Soviet authority persecuted those Russian who remained in some way connected to the Russian Orthodox Church.

In recent years, the Assyrians Chaldeans have tended to assimilate within the [[Armenian people|Armenian community]] within the Soviet Union, but their cultural and ethnic identity, strengthened through centuries of hardships, found new expression under [[Glasnost]].

* 1897 census: 5,300 "AssyriansChaldeans" (by language)<ref name="processus"/>

:8,000 - 7,000 "AssyrianChaldean" refugees in [[Tbilissi]]<ref name="autogenerated5"/>:2,000 Assyrians Chaldeans in [[Yerevan]]<ref name=autogenerated5 />:15,000 Assyrians Chaldeans from [[Hakkari]], 10,000 from [[Urmia]] and [[Salmas]] in the Russian region of [[Rostov]]<ref name="constantinople"/>* 1926 census: 9,808 Assyrians Chaldeans (''Aisor'')<ref name=autogenerated5 />* 1959 census: 21,083 AssyriansChaldeans<ref name="autogenerated1"/>* 1970 census: 24,294 AssyriansChaldeans<ref name="autogenerated6"/>* 1979 census: 25,170 AssyriansChaldeans<ref name="internationales"/>* 1989 census: 26,289 AssyriansChaldeans<ref name=autogenerated1 />

* 1989 census: 9,600 AssyriansChaldeans, of whom 4,742 spoke the [[Syriac Language]]; 1,738 in the [[Krasnodar]] region<ref name=autogenerated4 />* 2002 census: 13,649 Assyrians Chaldeans (ассирийцы)<ref name="2002 census"/>

{{Main|Assyrians Chaldeans in Armenia}}* 1926 (Soviet) census:<ref name=autogenerated6 /> 21,215 AssyriansChaldeans* 1989 (Soviet) census:<ref name="www"/> 5,963 AssyriansChaldeans* 2001 census:<ref name="docs.armstat.am"/> 3,409 Assyrians Chaldeans (3rd minority ethnic group after [[Yazidis]] and [[Russians]]): 524 urban, 2,485 rural* 2011 census:<ref name="docs.armstat.am-2011"/> 2,769 AssyriansChaldeans

{{Main|Assyrians Chaldeans in Georgia}}* 1926 census: 2,904 AssyriansChaldeans<ref name=autogenerated6 />* 1989 census: 6,206 AssyriansChaldeans<ref name="Eurominority"/>* 2002 census: 3,299 AssyriansChaldeans<ref name=Eurominority />

{{Main|Assyrians Chaldeans in Israel}}

{{Main|Assyrians Chaldeans in Canada}}* [[List of Canadians by ethnicity|2001 Census]]: Assyrian Chaldean - 6,980* 2006 Census: Assyrian Chaldean - 8,650<ref name="statcan"/>* 2011 Census: Assyrian Chaldean - 10,810<ref name="statcan4"/>

{{Main|Assyrians Chaldeans in the United States}}* 1990 census: 46,099 AssyriansChaldeans<ref name="census1990"/>

* 2000 census: 82,355 Assyrian/Chaldean/SyriacChaldeanc<ref name="census20005"/>

Assyrians Chaldeans in [[Belgium]] came mostly as refugees from the [[Turkey|Turkish]] towns of [[Midyat]] and [[Mardin]] in [[Tur Abdin]], most of them belong to the Syrian Orthodox Church, some to the Chaldean Catholic Church. Their three main settlements are in Brussels (municipalities of [[Saint-Josse-ten-Noode]] - where they've got their only elected municipal councilman, the Christian Democrat Ibrahim Erkan, originally from Turkey -, [[Brussels]] and [[Etterbeek]]), [[Liège (city)|Liège]] and in [[Mechelen]]. Since the October 8, 2006 municipal elections they've got two more councilmen, in Etterbeek, the Liberal Sandrine Es (whose family came from Turkey) and the Christian Democrat Ibrahim Hanna (originally from Syria's Khabur region). The Christian Democrat candidate in Mechelen, Melikan Kucam, was not elected. The Flemish writer August Thiry wrote the book ''Mechelen aan de Tigris'' (Mechelen on Tigris) about the Assyrian/Syriac Chaldean refugees from the village of Hassana in SE Turkey, district of Silopi. Melikan Kucam was one of them.

{{main|Assyrians Chaldeans in France}}

{{main|Assyrians Chaldeans and Syriacs in Germany}}

The number of AssyriansChaldeans/Syriacs in Germany is estimated at around 100,000 people.<ref name="Borken">[http://web.archive.org/web/20111008014028/http://www.borkenerzeitung.de/lokales/kreis_borken/borken/1561426_Diskussion_zum_Thema_Aaramaeische_Christen_im_Kapitelshaus.html "Diskussion zum Thema 'Aaramäische Christen' im Kapitelshaus"] Borkener Zeitung {{de icon}} (archived link, 8 October 2011)</ref> Most of the Assyrian/Syriac Chaldean immigrants and their descendants in Germany live in the following places like in [[Munich]], [[Wiesbaden]], [[Paderborn]], [[Essen]], [[Bietigheim-Bissingen]], [[Ahlen]], [[Göppingen]], [[Köln]], [[Hamburg]], [[Berlin]], [[Augsburg]] and [[Gütersloh]].

Being oppressed and persecuted throughout the 20th century for their religion, many arrived from Turkey seeking a better life. The first large wave arrived in the 1960s and 1970s as part of the German economic plan of "[[Gastarbeiter]]"; as Germany was seeking immigrant workers (largely from Turkey), many AssyriansChaldeans/Syriacs saw an opportunity for freedom and success and applied for visas. Assyrians Chaldeans started working in restaurants or as construction workers for companies and many began running their own shops. The first Assyrian/Syriac Chaldean immigrants in Germany started organizing themselves by forming culture clubs and building churches. The second wave came in the 1980s 1990s as refugees from the [[Turkish-PKK conflict]] in the region of [[Turkish Kurdistan]] in which they lived.

{{main|Assyrians Chaldeans in Greece}}The first migrants of Assyrian Chaldean stock in Greece came in 1934, and settled in the areas of [[Makronisos]] (today uninhabited), [[Keratsini]] ([[Pireus]]), [[Egaleo]] and [[Kalamata]].<ref name="zindamagazine1999"/> Today, the vast majority of Assyrians Chaldeans live in [[Peristeri]], a suburb of [[Athens]], and they number about 2,000.<ref name="ethnologue8"/>There are five Assyrian Chaldean Christian marriages recorded at St. Pauls Anglican Church in Athens in 1924-25 (the transcripts can be viewed on St. Pauls Anglican Church website), thus indicating the beginning of the appearance of refugees at that time. The absence of further marriages at St. Pauls possibly indicates the arrival of a Nestorian clergyman in Athens shortly after 1925.

[[File:Assyriansinholland2.jpg|thumb|250px|Assyrians in the Netherlands protesting for the recognition of the [[Assyrian genocide]]]]{{Main|AssyriansChaldeans/Syriacs in the Netherlands}}

The first Assyrians Chaldeans came to the Netherlands in the 1970s; most of them belonged to the [[West Syrian Rite]] from Turkey. Today the number of Assyrians Chaldeans is estimated to be between 25,000 and 35,000 and they mainly live in the east of the country, in the province of [[Overijssel]], in such cities as [[Enschede]], [[Hengelo]], [[Almelo]] and [[Borne, Overijssel|Borne]].

{{main|Assyrians Chaldeans in Sweden}}

In the latter part of the 1970s, about 12,000 AssyriansChaldeans/Syriacs from [[Turkey]], [[Iran]], [[Iraq]] and [[Syria]] immigrated to [[Sweden]]. They considered themselves persecuted for religious reasons but were never acknowledged as refugees. Those who had already lived in Sweden for a longer period were finally granted residence permit for humanitarian reasons.<ref name="sweden2002"/>

As with other Northern European countries, there is a dividing line in Sweden between the Assyrian Chaldean speaking Christians. They are mostly members of the [[Syriac Orthodox Church]], but its important to note that not all Syriac Orthodox members identify with being Syriacs only, as the majority of those who call themselves Assyrians Chaldeans are Syriac Orthodox as well.<ref name="visarkiv"/>

[[Södertälje]] in [[Sweden]] is often seen as the unofficial Assyrian Chaldean capital of Europe due to the city's high percentage of AssyriansChaldeans. The international TV-channels [[Suryoyo Sat]] and [[Suroyo TV]] are also based in [[Södertälje]].

Between 2005 and 2006, there was an Assyrian/Syriac Chaldean minister in the Swedish government, [[Ibrahim Baylan]].

Assyrians Chaldeans in [[Switzerland]] came mostly as refugees from the towns of [[Midyat]], [[Mardin]] and [[Idil|Beth-Zabday (Idil)]] in [[Tur Abdin]], most of them are [[Syriac Orthodox Church|Syriac Orthodox]] (about 1,600 Families). The seat of the Syriac Orthodox bishop of the Swiss and Austrian diocese is in the St. Avgin (Eugene) Monastery in Arth, near [[Lucerne]], where a big part of the Assyrian Chaldean community lives. They also live in the east of the country in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|Canton]] of [[Canton of St. Gallen|St. Gallen (Wil-Area)]] and in [[Baden, Switzerland|Baden]] about 20&nbsp;km from [[Zurich]]. A big part of the Assyrians Chaldeans in Switzerland also live in the [[Linguistic geography of Switzerland|Italian part of Switzerland]] in the [[Cantons of Switzerland|Canton]] of [[Canton of Ticino|Ticino]], mostly in [[Lugano]] and [[Locarno]].

{{main|Assyrians Chaldeans in the United Kingdom}}

** 9,000 followers of the [[Assyrian Chaldean Church of the East]]

* 2010 Census: 33,505 Assyrians Chaldeans (Different Churches)

::[[Assyrian Chaldean Church of the East]]: 12,000

** "Unemployment rates highest for Somalis (37.2 percent) and Assyrians Chaldeans (40.0 percent)."** "The particular ethnic groups with the highest proportions affiliated to a Christian denomination were Assyrian Chaldean (99.0 percent) and Filipino (95.1 percent)."

{{Portal|Assyrians}}* [[Assyrian Chaldean people]]

* Talia, Peter. ''Assyrians in the West''. Chicago: Nineveh Printing Co. [199-]. 106 p. Without ISBNChaldean Communities{{Assyrian Chaldean communities}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Assyrian Chaldean Syriac Diaspora}}[[Category:Assyrian Chaldean diaspora| ]]