Difference between revisions of "Barwari"

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[[File:Dohuk map.svg|right|thumb|240px|Barwar is located in [[Northern Iraq]].]]
 
[[File:Dohuk map.svg|right|thumb|240px|Barwar is located in [[Northern Iraq]].]]
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'''Barwar''' ({{lang-syr|ܒܪܘܪ}}) also known as '''Barwari''' and '''Barwari Bala''', is a region situated in northern [[Dohuk Governorate]] in [[Iraq]]. The region is populated by [[Kurds]] and [[Assyrians]].
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'''Barwar''' ({{lang-syr|ܒܪܘܪ}}) also known as '''Barwari''' and '''Barwari Bala''', is a region situated in northern [[Dohuk Governorate]] in [[Iraq]]. The region is populated by [[Kurds]] and [[Chaldean people|Chaldeans]].
  
 
==History==
 
==History==
 
The mountainous region was part of the [[Adiabene (East Syrian Ecclesiastical Province)#The diocese of Beth Nuhadra|diocese of Beth Nuhadra]] (current day [[Dohuk, Iraq|Dohuk]]) since antiquities and have seen a mass migration of Nestorians after the [[Siege of Baghdad (1258)|fall of Baghdad]] in 1258 and [[Timurlane]]'s invasion from central Iraq.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=zHxsWspxGIIC&pg=PA318 Islamic desk reference], E. J. van Donzel</ref>
 
The mountainous region was part of the [[Adiabene (East Syrian Ecclesiastical Province)#The diocese of Beth Nuhadra|diocese of Beth Nuhadra]] (current day [[Dohuk, Iraq|Dohuk]]) since antiquities and have seen a mass migration of Nestorians after the [[Siege of Baghdad (1258)|fall of Baghdad]] in 1258 and [[Timurlane]]'s invasion from central Iraq.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=zHxsWspxGIIC&pg=PA318 Islamic desk reference], E. J. van Donzel</ref>
  
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Its Christian inhabitants were little affected by the Ottoman conquests, however starting from the 19th century [[Kurdish people|Kurdish]] [[Emir]]s sought to expand their territories at their expense. In the 1830s Muhammad Rawanduzi, the Emir of [[Soran Emirate|Soran]], tried to forcibly add the region to his dominion pillaging many Assyrian villages. [[Bedr Khan Beg]] of [[Bohtan]] renewed attacks on the region in the 1840s, killing tens of thousands of Assyrians in Barwari and [[Hakkari]] before being ultimately defeated by the [[Ottomans]].<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=dgDi9qFT41oC&pg=PA47 A modern history of the Kurds], David McDowall</ref>
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Its Christian inhabitants were little affected by the Ottoman conquests, however starting from the 19th century [[Kurdish people|Kurdish]] [[Emir]]s sought to expand their territories at their expense. In the 1830s Muhammad Rawanduzi, the Emir of [[Soran Emirate|Soran]], tried to forcibly add the region to his dominion pillaging many Chaldean villages. [[Bedr Khan Beg]] of [[Bohtan]] renewed attacks on the region in the 1840s, killing tens of thousands of Chaldeans in Barwari and [[Hakkari]] before being ultimately defeated by the [[Ottomans]].<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=dgDi9qFT41oC&pg=PA47 A modern history of the Kurds], David McDowall</ref>
  
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Many Assyrians who survived later suffered in the [[Assyrian Genocide]] by the Ottoman Army and their Kurdish allies during the [[First World War]]; others took refuge in [[Urmia]] led by their patriarch, [[Mar Shimun XXI Benyamin]].<ref>{{citation|last1=Gaunt|first1=David|last2= Beṯ-Şawoce|first2=Jan|title=Massacres, resistance, protectors: Muslim-Christian relations in Eastern Anatolia during World War I|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=4mug9LrpLKcC&pg=PA32|year=2006|page=32|publisher=Gorgias Press LLC|isbn=978-1-59333-301-0}}</ref> Later attempts for their resettlement in Barwar were largely unsuccessful.<ref>{{citation|last1=Stafford|first1=Ronald Sempill|title=The Tragedy of the Assyrians|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=LSzuzsRh37gC&pg=PA32|year=2006|page=41|publisher=Gorgias Press LLC|isbn=978-1-59333-413-0}}</ref>
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Many Chaldeans who survived later suffered in the [[Chaldean Genocide]] by the Ottoman Army and their Kurdish allies during the [[First World War]]; others took refuge in [[Urmia]] led by their patriarch, [[Mar Shimun XXI Benyamin]].<ref>{{citation|last1=Gaunt|first1=David|last2= Beṯ-Şawoce|first2=Jan|title=Massacres, resistance, protectors: Muslim-Christian relations in Eastern Anatolia during World War I|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=4mug9LrpLKcC&pg=PA32|year=2006|page=32|publisher=Gorgias Press LLC|isbn=978-1-59333-301-0}}</ref> Later attempts for their resettlement in Barwar were largely unsuccessful.<ref>{{citation|last1=Stafford|first1=Ronald Sempill|title=The Tragedy of the Chaldeans|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=LSzuzsRh37gC&pg=PA32|year=2006|page=41|publisher=Gorgias Press LLC|isbn=978-1-59333-413-0}}</ref>
  
 
All of the Barwari Jews left for [[Israel]] shortly after its independence. The region was heavily affected by the Kurdish uprisings during the 1950s and 60s and was largely depopulated during the [[Anfal campaign]] in the 1980s.
 
All of the Barwari Jews left for [[Israel]] shortly after its independence. The region was heavily affected by the Kurdish uprisings during the 1950s and 60s and was largely depopulated during the [[Anfal campaign]] in the 1980s.
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*[[Nahla plains]]
 
*[[Nahla plains]]
 
*[[Tur Abdin]]
 
*[[Tur Abdin]]
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*[[Alqosh]], [[Tel Keppe]] and [[Batnaya]] - Assyrian tribes also in Northern Iraq
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*[[Alqosh]], [[Tel Keppe]] and [[Batnaya]] - Chaldean tribes also in Northern Iraq
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*[[Tyari]], [[Jilu]], [[Gawar]] [[Nochiya tribe|Nochiya]] - Assyrian tribes to the north, in [[Hakkari province]], [[Turkey]]
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*[[Tyari]], [[Jilu]], [[Gawar]] [[Nochiya tribe|Nochiya]] - Chaldean tribes to the north, in [[Hakkari province]], [[Turkey]]
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
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{{coord|37.1|N|43.1|E|dim:30km_region:IQ-DA_source:GNS-enwiki|display=title|name=Barwar}}
 
{{coord|37.1|N|43.1|E|dim:30km_region:IQ-DA_source:GNS-enwiki|display=title|name=Barwar}}
  
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[[Category:Assyrian settlements]]
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[[Category:Chaldean settlements]]

Latest revision as of 10:24, 7 August 2015

Error creating thumbnail:
Barwar is located in Northern Iraq.

Barwar (Syriac: ܒܪܘܪ) also known as Barwari and Barwari Bala, is a region situated in northern Dohuk Governorate in Iraq. The region is populated by Kurds and Chaldeans.

History

The mountainous region was part of the diocese of Beth Nuhadra (current day Dohuk) since antiquities and have seen a mass migration of Nestorians after the fall of Baghdad in 1258 and Timurlane's invasion from central Iraq.[1]

Its Christian inhabitants were little affected by the Ottoman conquests, however starting from the 19th century Kurdish Emirs sought to expand their territories at their expense. In the 1830s Muhammad Rawanduzi, the Emir of Soran, tried to forcibly add the region to his dominion pillaging many Chaldean villages. Bedr Khan Beg of Bohtan renewed attacks on the region in the 1840s, killing tens of thousands of Chaldeans in Barwari and Hakkari before being ultimately defeated by the Ottomans.[2]

Many Chaldeans who survived later suffered in the Chaldean Genocide by the Ottoman Army and their Kurdish allies during the First World War; others took refuge in Urmia led by their patriarch, Mar Shimun XXI Benyamin.[3] Later attempts for their resettlement in Barwar were largely unsuccessful.[4]

All of the Barwari Jews left for Israel shortly after its independence. The region was heavily affected by the Kurdish uprisings during the 1950s and 60s and was largely depopulated during the Anfal campaign in the 1980s.

Villages

List of Settlements

  • Binavi
  • Annoneh (Kani Mase)
  • Trwanish
  • Bishmeeyayeh
  • Dooreh
  • Derishke
  • Eyit
  • Tashish
  • Maye
  • Jaqla
  • Sardashte
  • Halwa
  • Markajeya
  • Baz
  • Miska
  • Enishke
  • Totha Shmiaee
  • Khwara
  • Malkhtha
  • Jededee
  • Beqolke
  • Jalik
  • Eqri
  • Hayis
  • Bar Tanura (depopulated)

See also

References

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Coordinates: 37°06′N 43°06′E / 37.1°N 43.1°E / 37.1; 43.1 (Barwar){{#coordinates:37.1|N|43.1|E|dim:30km_region:IQ-DA_source:GNS-enwiki|||| |primary |name=Barwar

}}
  1. ↑ Islamic desk reference, E. J. van Donzel
  2. ↑ A modern history of the Kurds, David McDowall
  3. ↑ Gaunt, David; Beṯ-Şawoce, Jan (2006), Massacres, resistance, protectors: Muslim-Christian relations in Eastern Anatolia during World War I, Gorgias Press LLC, p. 32, ISBN 978-1-59333-301-0 
  4. ↑ Stafford, Ronald Sempill (2006), The Tragedy of the Chaldeans, Gorgias Press LLC, p. 41, ISBN 978-1-59333-413-0 
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