{{Main|Chaldean Neo-Aramaic languages}}
{{Chaldean alphabet}}
The Neo-Aramaic languages are ultimately descended from [[Old AramaicFile:Chaldean Language Course.pdf|thumb|Chaldean Language Course]] The Chaldean Language is native language of [Mesopotamia | Mesopotamia], the lingua franca in the later phase of the Neo- Chaldean Empire, displacing the [[East Semitic]] [[Akkadian language|Chaldean dialect of Akkadian]]. Aramaic was the language of commerce, trade and communication and became the vernacular language of Chaldea in classical antiquity.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kaldaya.net/2012/Images/KaldTv/ChaldeanCourse.pdf | format=PDF |accessdate=2013-11-16| archiveurl=http://www.kaldaya.net/2012/Images/KaldTv/ChaldeanCourse.pdf| archivedate=2 December 2013 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl=no}} {{dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref><ref>Chaldean as a Lingua Franca in Mesopotamia (5,300 BC to 2015 AD). .</ref><ref name="Chaldean Language">[http://www.kaldaya.net/2012/Images/KaldTv/ChaldeanCourse.pdf]</ref>
By the 1st century AD, Akkadian was extinct, although some loaned vocabulary still survives in Chaldean Neo-Aramaic to this day.<ref name="Akkadian words">[http://www.kaldaya.net/2012/Images/KaldTv/ChaldeanCourse.pdf Akkadian Words in Modern Chaldean]</ref><ref name="Kaufman">Kaufman, Stephen A. (1974),The Akkadian influences on Aramaic. University of Chicago Press</ref>