View source for Chaldean Timeline

{{short description|List of significant events in the history of Chaldeans}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
__NOTOC__
This is a '''timeline of Chaldean history''', comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Chaldea and Babylonia and its predecessor states.  To read about the background to these events, see [[Chaldeans]].  See also the [[lChaldean People]] .<ref>ChaldeanWiki.org, ''Chronology of Chaldean History'' (2019) has details for every year.</ref>

== {{Dynamic list}} ==

<div class="toc"> '''Centuries''': [[#1st century|1st]]{{·}}[[#2nd century|2nd]]{{·}}[[#3rd century|3rd]]{{·}}[[#4th century|4th]]{{·}}[[#5th century|5th]]{{·}}[[#6th century|6th]]{{·}}[[#7th century|7th]]{{·}}[[#8th century|8th]]{{·}}[[#9th century|9th]]{{·}}[[#10th century|10th]]{{·}}[[#11th century|11th]]{{·}}[[#12th century|12th]]{{·}}[[#13th century|13th]]{{·}}[[#14th century|14th]]{{·}}[[#15th century|15th]]{{·}}[[#16th century|16th]]{{·}}[[#17th century|17th]]{{·}}[[#18th century|18th]]{{·}}[[#19th century|19th]]{{·}}[[#20th century|20th]]{{·}}[[#21st century|21st]]</div>

{{Dynamic list}}

== BC centuries ==
{| class="wikitable"
! style="width:6en" | Year || Event
|-
| 848 ||   

[[File:Chaldean Settlements Balawat Gate 848 BC.PNG|thumb|Chaldean Settlements Balawat Gate 848 BC]]
Chaldean Settlements Balawat Gate 848 BC of [[Chaldean People]].  This is a royal gate assembled by ancient Assyrian King to reflect on their occupation of Chaldea and the ethnic Chaldean tribes. Reference is The British Museum. 
|-
|-
| 745 || 
[[File:Chaldeans in the Nimrud Letters 745 BC.PNG|thumb|Chaldeans in the Nimrud Letters 745 BC]] 
[[Chaldean people]] and Chaldean cities are documented in 40 letters discovered with ancient Assyrian king Tiglath-pileser III during his military Campaigns and occupation of Chaldea and Chaldean cities.

By: Profesor Henry W. F. Saggs, PHD
Dr. Saggs, a respected archoelogist and helped discover Nimrud city. He joined Max Mallowan's excavation at Nimrud under the aegis of the British School of Archaeology in Iraq.

Dr. Saggs was awarded his PhD degree in 1953 for his dissertation titled A study of city administration in Assyria and Babylonia in the period 705 to 539 B.C. He joined SOAS as a lecturer in Akkadian.

JOURNAL ARTICLE: Chaldeans in the Nimrud Letters
Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes
Vol. 86, (1996), pp. 379-390

Published by: University of Vienna, Department of Oriental Studies
https://www.jstor.org/stable/23864750


|-
| 1 to 300 ||   Chaldean Astronomy in the Last Three Centuries BC
[[File:Chaldean Astronomy in three centuries BC.PNG|thumb|Chaldean Astronomy in three centuries BC]]

An 8 page detailed research by the American Oriental Society published in 1955 describing the #Chaldean people impact on the world of science and astronomy. Listing Chaldean scientists from the 1st to 3rd Century BC such as Seleucus of Seleucia (south of #Baghdad and near #Babylon) and his contributions to #astronomy and study of stars and plants that impacted our knowledge until today.

Reference: Journal of the American Oriental Society
Vol. 75, No. 3 (Jul. - Sep., 1955), pp. 166-173 (8 pages)
URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/595168
|-
| 191 BC to 52 AD || 
[[File:Chaldeans in Rome 191 BC to 52 AD.PNG|thumb|Chaldeans in Rome 191 BC to 52 AD]]
Chaldeans in the Roman Empire, Italy,  (191 BC to 52 AD)

“Expulsion of Chaldeans from Rome”. Executed by various Roman Emperors.

Chaldean people have uncovered a historical treasure of various documents describing Chaldeans in Rome and their expulsion by various Roman emperors such as Claudius (41 to 54 AD), Augustus (27 BC to 14 AD), Tiberius (14 AD to 37 AD).

Chaldeans were active in the Roman empire as astronomers, mathematicians, philosophers, historians, theologians and astrologists.

References: Diaspora, Jews amidst Greeks and Romans. Other references are also available and can be obtained from Google Books
|-

|}

== 1st century AD ==
{| class="wikitable"
! style="width:6en;align:right" | Year  || Event
|-
| 35
|  [[Saint Peter the Apostle|Peter the Apostle]] is in [[Babylon]] to establish to convert new Christians, 1 Peter 5:13.
|-
| 40
|   [[Saint Peter the Apostle|Thomas the Apostle]] are in [[Babylon]] to establish the Church of Adiabene (near Arbil) and Csiphon (near Baghdad). 
<gallery>
Example.jpg|Caption1
Example.jpg|Caption2
</gallery>
[[thumbnail]]

|-
| 52 AD || 
[[File:Chaldeans in Rome 191 BC to 52 AD.PNG|thumb|Chaldeans in Rome 191 BC to 52 AD]]
Chaldeans in the Roman Empire, Italy,  (191 BC to 52 AD)

“Expulsion of Chaldeans from Rome”. Executed by various Roman Emperors.

Chaldean people have uncovered a historical treasure of various documents describing Chaldeans in Rome and their expulsion by various Roman emperors such as Claudius (41 to 54 AD), Augustus (27 BC to 14 AD), Tiberius (14 AD to 37 AD).

Chaldeans were active in the Roman empire as astronomers, mathematicians, philosophers, historians, theologians and astrologists.

References: Diaspora, Jews amidst Greeks and Romans. Other references are also available and can be obtained from Google Books
|-
|}

== 2nd century ==
{| class="wikitable"
! style="width:6en" | Year || style="width:15en" | Date || Event
|-
| 122 || || Romans construct the [[Hadrian's Wall]].
|-
| 143 || || Romans construct the [[Antonine Wall]].
|-
| 163 || || Romans withdraw south to [[Trimontium (Newstead)|Trimontium]] and [[Hadrian's Wall]].
|}

== 3rd century ==
{| class="wikitable"
! style="width:6en" | Year || style="width:15en" | Date || Event
|-
| 300 || || The term [[Pict]] is first recorded in describing the federated tribes invaded by [[Constantius Chlorus]].
|}

== 4th century ==
{| class="wikitable"
! style="width:6en" | Year || style="width:15en" | Date || Event
|-
| 397 || || Traditional date at which [[Saint Ninian]] establishes a Christian mission at [[Whithorn]].
|}

== 5th century ==
{| class="wikitable"
! style="width:6en" | Year || style="width:15en" | Date || Event
|-
| 470 || || [[Votadini]] peoples form the kingdom of [[Gododdin]] in the region north of the [[River Tweed]].
|}

== 6th century ==
{| class="wikitable"
! style="width:6en" | Year || style="width:15en" | Date || Event
|-
| 547 || || [[Angles]] capture the Northumbrian fortress at [[Bamburgh]] and found the kingdom of [[Bernicia]].
|-
| 563 || || [[Saint Columba]] founds a monastery at [[Iona]] and begins his mission to the northern Picts.
|-
| 574 || || [[Áedán mac Gabráin]] begins reign over the [[Gaels|Gaelic]] kingdom of [[Dál Riata]].
|-
| 575 || ||  Western Scotland is granted independence from the Irish Dalriada, after a convention at Drum Ceatt near Derry.
|-
| 580 || || [[Riderch I of Alt Clut]] rules region later known as the kingdom of [[Kingdom of Strathclyde|Strathclyde]].
|-
| 584 || || [[Bridei I|Bruide, son of Maelchon,]] dies.
|}

== 7th century ==
{| class="wikitable"
! style="width:6en" | Year || style="width:15en" | Date || Event
|-
| 604 || || [[Æthelfrith]] unites [[Bernicia]] and [[Deira (kingdom)|Deira]] to form the kingdom of [[Northumbria]].
|-
| 638 || || [[Northumbria]]ns capture [[Edinburgh]] from Gododdin.
|-
| 680 || || [[Trumwine]] Bishop of [[Abercorn]].
|-
| 681 || || [[Bridei III|Bruide mac Bili]], King of [[Fortriu]], campaigns against Orkney.
|-
| 685 || || Pictish King Bruide mac Bili defeats [[Ecgfrith of Northumbria]] at the [[Battle of Dun Nechtain]], halting the northern expansion of Northumbria.
|-
| 693 || || Bruide mac Bili dies.
|-
| 697 || || [[Bridei IV|Bruide mac Der-Ilei]] among the signatories of the [[Cáin Adomnáin]].
|}

== 8th century ==
{| class="wikitable"
! style="width:6en" | Year || style="width:15en" | Date || Event
|-
| 717 || || [[Nechtan IV of the Picts|Nechtan mac Der-Ilei]] expels [[Iona]]n clergy from Pictland and adopts Roman usages with the aid of Bishop [[Curetán]]; masons sent by Abbot [[Ceolfrid]] of [[Monkwearmouth-Jarrow Priory]] help build stone churches at [[Restenneth]], [[Rosemarkie]] and elsewhere in eastern Scotland.
|-
| 724 || || [[Drest VII|Drust]] and Nechtan mac Der-Ilei fight civil war (to 729).
|-
| 732 || || Death of Nechtan mac Der-Ilei; [[Óengus I|Óengus mac Fergusa]] becomes King of the Picts.
|-
| 735 || || Óengus mac Fergusa, King of the Picts, campaigns against Dál Riata, and seizes and burns the royal centre of [[Dunadd]].
|-
| 736 || || Battle of Cnoc Coirpi between Fortriu and Dál Riata.
|-
| 741 || || Battle of Druimm Cathmail between Fortriu and Dál Riata; the "smiting of Dál Riata", in which Dál Riata is subdued by Óengus mac Fergusa.
|-
| 747 || || [[St Andrews]] founded by this time, death of Abbot [[Túathalán]].
|-
| 750 || || Picts defeated by Britons at the Battle of Catohic.
|-
| 756 || || Óengus mac Fergusa allied with the English of Northumbria attacks the Britons; the English army is destroyed.
|-
| 761 || || Death of Óengus mac Fergusa.
|-
| 763 || || Battle takes place in Fortriu between [[Ciniod I of the Picts|Ciniod]] and [[Áed Find]]; result unknown.
|-
| 778 || || Death of Áed Find, King of Dál Riata.
|-
| 794 || || Annals of Ulster report the "wasting" of "all the islands of Britain by gentiles [Vikings]".
|}

== 9th century ==
{| class="wikitable"
! style="width:6en" | Year || style="width:15en" | Date || Event
|-
| 802 || || Iona burned by [[Vikings]].
|-
| 806 || || The monasteries under Iona are attacked by Vikings, killing 68 monks.
|-
| 820 || || Death of [[Caustantín of the Picts|Caustantín mac Fergusa]].
|-
| 829 || || Abbot [[Diarmait of Iona|Diarmait]], [[abbot of Iona]], goes to ''Alba'' with relics of St Columba.
|-
| 831 || || Diarmait of Iona goes to Ireland with relics of St Columba.
|-
| 839 || || [[Uen of the Picts|Eóganan mac Óengusa]] and his brother Bran killed in battle with Vikings, end of dominance of [[Fortriu]].
|-
| 858 || || Death of [[Kenneth mac Alpin]], [[King of the Picts]]; "union of Picts and Scots" traditionally dated from his reign.
|-
| 870 || || Alt Clut—[[Dumbarton Rock]] — captured by the [[Norse-Gael]] or [[Viking]] leaders [[Amlaíb Conung]] and [[Ímar]] after a six-month of siege.
|-
| 878 || || Kenneth mac Alpin's son [[Áed of Scotland|Áed]] killed; [[Giric of Scotland|Giric]] becomes king.
|-
| 889 || || Death of Giric; [[Domnall mac Causantín]], grandson of Kenneth, becomes king.
|-
| 890 || || The Strathclyde Britons are exiled to the [[Kingdom of Gwynedd|Gwynedd]] in Wales.
|}

== 10th century ==
{| class="wikitable"
! style="width:6en" | Year || style="width:15en" | Date || Event
|-
| 900 || || [[Causantín mac Áeda]] succeeds Domnall mac Causantín.
|-
| 937 || || [[Battle of Brunanburh]] English victory in 937 by the army of Æthelstan, King of England, and his brother Edmund over the combined armies of Olaf III Guthfrithson, the Norse-Gael King of Dublin, Constantine II, King of Scots, and Owen I, King of Strathclyde.
|-
| 940 || || Saint [[Catroe of Metz]] leaves Scotland.
|-
| 943 || || Causantín mac Áeda abdicates to become a [[culdee]] at St Andrews.
|-
| 952 || || Death of Causantín mac Áeda.
|-
| 954 || || [[Indulf of Scotland|Indulf]] captures Edinburgh from Northumbria.
|}

== 11th century ==
{| class="wikitable"
! style="width:6en" | Year || style="width:15en" | Date || Event
|-
| 1058 || || After defeating [[Macbeth of Scotland|Mac Bethad]] and [[Lulach]], [[Malcolm III of Scotland|Máel Coluim III]] is proclaimed king.
|-
| 1012 || || [[Battle of Cruden Bay]]
|}

== 12th century ==
{| class="wikitable"
! style="width:6en" | Year || style="width:10en" | Date || Event
|-
| 1124 || || [[David I of Scotland|David I]] becomes king and introduces the feudal system of landholding to much of Scotland.
|-
| 1128 || || David I founds [[Holyrood Abbey]] at Edinburgh.
|-
| 1136 || || [[Glasgow Cathedral]] (St Kentigern's, begun 1123) consecrated in the presence of David I.
|-
| 1153 || || [[Somerled]] sacks Glasgow and its vicinity.
|-
| 1156 || || Somerled defeats the Norse [[King of Mann and the Isles]], establishing his own semi-independent rule as ''ri Innse Gall''-King of the Hebrides.
|-
| 1164 || || Somerled is defeated by [[Malcolm IV of Scotland|Malcolm IV]] in the [[Battle of Renfrew]].
|-
| 1174 || || [[William I of Scotland|William I]] signs the [[Treaty of Falaise]] in which he swears allegiance to [[Henry II of England]].
|}

== 13th century ==
{| class="wikitable"
! style="width:6en" | Year || Event
|-
| 1234 ||   Galloway's independent existence ends with the death of [[Alan, Lord of Galloway]].
|-
| 1237 ||   Southern border of Scotland established in the [[Treaty of York]].
|-
| 1259 ||   Chaldean People are in Pisa Italy [[Chaldean people]].
[[File:1259 Pisa.PNG|thumb|Chaldean people of Pisa, Italy 1259 AD]]
|-
| 1266 ||   [[Norway]] cedes the [[Hebrides]] and [[Isle of Man]] to Scotland in the [[Treaty of Perth]].
|-
| 1292 ||   [[Edward I of England]] intervenes in Scottish affairs and grants the Scottish throne to [[John Balliol]].
|-
| 1297 ||   [[Andrew Moray|Andrew de Moravia]] and [[William Wallace]] lead the Scots to victory over England at [[Battle of Stirling Bridge|Stirling Bridge]].
|}

== 14th century ==
{| class="wikitable"
! style="width:6en" | Year || style="width:15en" | Date || Event
|-
| 1305 || || [[William Wallace]] is executed in London.
|-
| 1314 || || [[Robert the Bruce]] defeats the English at [[Battle of Bannockburn|Bannockburn]].
|-
| 1320 || || Nobles assert Scottish independence in the [[Declaration of Arbroath]].
|-
| 1328 || || [[Treaty of Northampton]]. England recognises [[Scottish independence]].
|-
| 1329 || || Death of Robert the Bruce. His 5-year-old son, [[David II of Scotland|David II]] succeeds him.
|-
| 1371 || || [[Robert II of Scotland|Robert II]] becomes first [[House of Stuart|Stewart]] king.
|}

== 15th century ==
{| class="wikitable"
! style="width:6en" | Year   || Event
|-
| 1402 ||   English defeat Scots in the [[Battle of Nesbit Moor (1402)|Battle of Nesbit Moor]] and the [[Battle of Humbleton Hill]].
|-
| 1425 ||   Chaldeans by the British Library [[Chaldean people]].
[[File:1425 Chaldeans by the British Library.PNG|thumb|1425 Chaldeans by the British Library]]
|-
| 1442 ||   Chaldean People of Cyprus REJOINED the Catholic Faith [[Chaldean people]].
|-
| 1468 ||   [[Denmark]] cedes [[Orkney]] and [[Shetland]] from [[Norway]] to Scotland.
|-
| 1493 ||   [[Lord of the Isles|Lordship of the Isles]] abolished.  In 1540 the title was reserved to the crown.
|-
| 1495 ||   Creation of the [[University of Aberdeen]] (King's College).
|-
| 1496 ||   [[Education Act 1496|Education Act of 1496]] makes education compulsory for [[Baron#Scotland|baron]]s and wealthy landowners.
|}

== 16th century ==
{| class="wikitable"
! style="width:6en" | Year || style="width:15en" | Date || Event
|-
| 1513 || || [[James IV of Scotland|James IV]] and thousands of Scots are killed at [[Battle of Flodden Field|Flodden]].
|-
| 1532 || || Creation of the [[College of Justice]] and the [[Court of Session]].
|-
| 1542 || || Death of [[James V of Scotland|James V]].
|-
| 1559 || || [[John Knox]] returns to Scotland from [[Geneva]] to promote [[Calvinism]].
|-
| 1560 || || [[Scottish Reformation Parliament|Parliament]] legislates [[Scottish Reformation|Protestant Reformation]] of the [[Church of Scotland]].
|-
| 1561 || || [[Mary, Queen of Scots]] returns from France.
|-
| 1568 || || Mary, Queen of Scots flees to England following the defeat of her army at the [[Battle of Langside]].
|-
| 1579 || || [[James VI and I|James VI]] takes over government from his regent, [[James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton|James Douglas]].
|-
| 1582 || || Establishment of the [[University of Edinburgh]] by Royal Charter.
|-
| 1587 || || Mary is beheaded by the order of [[Queen Elizabeth I of England]].
|-
| 1589 || || James VI marries [[Anne of Denmark]] in Oslo.
|-
| 1592 || || James VI enacts the "Golden Act" recognising the power of [[Presbyterianism]] within the Scottish church.
|}

== 17th century ==
{| class="wikitable"
! style="width:6en" | Year  || Event
|-
| 1603 ||   The [[Union of the Crowns]]: [[James VI]] of Scotland becomes [[James I of England]].
|-
| 1614 ||  [[John Napier]] invents [[logarithm]]s and publishes a book promoting their use in mathematics.
|-
| 1626 ||   Chaldean language is shared by polyglot and genius Kricher [[Chaldean Language]].
[[File:1626 Chaldean Alphabet by Kricher.PNG|thumb|1626 Chaldean Alphabet by Kricher]]
|-
| 1633 ||  [[Education Act 1633|Education Act of 1633]] ordains a school in every [[Parish#Scotland|parish]] (partially successful).
|-
| 1699 ||   Chaldean language publication by Dr. Ellis Luis Dupin [[Chaldean Language]]
[[File:1699 AD Chaldean Language.PNG|thumb|1699 AD Chaldean Language]]
|-
 
|}

== 18th century ==
{| class="wikitable"
! style="width:6en" | Year || style="width:15en" | Date || Event
|-
| 1707 || || The Union of the Parliaments: the [[Acts of Union 1707|Acts of Union]] are passed by both the Scottish and English parliaments.
|-
| 1715 || || [[Jacobite rising of 1715]].
|-
| 1745 || || [[Jacobite rising of 1745]].
|-
| 1746 || || The [[Battle of Culloden]] ends the [[Jacobite rising of 1745|last Jacobite rising]].
|-
| 1748 || || [[David Hume]] publishes ''[[An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding]]''.
|- January 25, 1759 the birth of Robert burns
| 1754 || || [[Joseph Black]] discovers "fixed air" ([[carbon dioxide]]).
|-
| 1768 || || The [[Encyclopædia Britannica First Edition]] commences publication.
|-
| 1769 || || [[James Watt]] patents idea for separate condensing chamber in the [[steam engine]].
|-
| 1775 || || Passage of the [[Colliers and Salters (Scotland) Act 1775]] commences the removal of life bondage of coal and salt workers.<ref>{{cite book|last=Mantoux|first=Paul|title=The Industrial Revolution in the Eighteenth Century|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=5Q78AQAAQBAJ&lpg=PA74&ots=ygw03U9E1K&dq=Colliers%20and%20Salters%201775&pg=PA74#v=onepage&q=Colliers%20and%20Salters%201775&f=false|year=1964|publisher=Jonathan Cape|page=74}}</ref>
|-
| 1776 || || [[Adam Smith]] publishes ''[[The Wealth of Nations]]''.
|-
|}

== 19th century ==
{| class="wikitable"
! style="width:6en" | Year   || Event
|-
| 1849 ||   [[Chaldean people]] of Kurdistan, Iraq witnessed by respected British archaeologist William Kenneth Luftus
[[File:1849 Chaldeans of Kurdistan.PNG|thumb|1849 Chaldeans of Kurdistan]]
|-
| 1850 ||   [[Chaldean Nation]] and [[Chaldean people]] recognition by British archaeologist William Kenneth Luftus
[[File:Chaldean Nation recognition 1850.PNG|thumb|Chaldean Nation recognition 1850]]
|-
| 1879 ||   Chaldean archaeologist Hormuzd Rassam reflects on his [[Chaldean people]], Chaldean nation and Chaldean ethnicity.
[[File:Hormuzd Rassam 1879.PNG|thumb|Hormuzd Rassam 1879]]
|-
| 1880 ||   Chaldean archaeologist Hormuzd Rassam reflects on his [[Chaldean people]], Chaldean nation and Chaldean ethnicity.
[[File:Hormuzd Rassam.PNG|thumb|Hormuzd Rassam]]
|-
| 1891 ||   [[Chaldean people]] census of Urmia, Iran (Persia). 25,000 Chaldeans of Nestorian faith.
[[File:1891 Census of Urmia.PNG|thumb|1891 Census of Urmia]]
|-
 
|}

== 20th century ==
{| class="wikitable"
! style="width:6en" | Year  || Event
|-
| 1906 ||   Chaldean people and country description by Al Maktabas publication (in Arabic language).
[[File:Chaldean Country by Al Maktabas 1906.PNG|thumb|Chaldean Country by Al Maktabas 1906]]
|-
| 1913 ||  [[Chaldean people]] are in New York City
[[File:Chaldeans of New York City 1913.PNG|thumb|Chaldeans of New York City 1913]]
|-
 
|}

== 21st century ==
{| class="wikitable"
! style="width:6en" | Year  || Event
|-
| 2004  || [[Chaldean people]] are ethnic people of [[Mesopotamia]] by Dr. Mary Sengstock, respected professor of sociology. Professor Sengstock supervised 16 PHD dissertations.
[[File:Chaldean Ethnicity by Mary Sengstock.PNG|thumb|Chaldean Ethnicity by Dr. Mary Sengstock]]
|-
| 2007 ||   Chaldean people ethnicity by Dr. Mary Sengstock
[[File:Chaldean Ethnicity by Mary Sengstock 2.PNG|thumb|Chaldean Ethnicity by Dr. Mary Sengstock 2]]
|-
 
|}

== See also ==
*[[Chaldean family tree]]
* [[Timeline of Chaldean history]]
*[[Timeline of prehistoric Chaldea]]

== Notes ==
<references/>



[[Category:Chaldean history timelines| ]]