Difference between revisions of "Yüksekova"

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| website                = {{URL| www.yuksekova.bel.tr | www.yuksekova.bel.tr }}
 
| website                = {{URL| www.yuksekova.bel.tr | www.yuksekova.bel.tr }}
 
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'''Yüksekova''' ({{lang-ku|Gewer}}; [[Syriac language|Syriac]]: ''Gawar''), is a Kurdish city and formerly known as '''Gever''' (not Gawar or Gavur), is a district of [[Hakkari Province]] of [[Turkey]], situated on the border with [[Iran]].  Its location on the trade route between north western [[Iran]] and eastern Turkey made it an important juncture for travelers and the location of several ethnic groups that were active in regional trade. It is an historically [[Assyrian people|Assyrian]] region.
+
'''Yüksekova''' ({{lang-ku|Gewer}}; [[Syriac language|Syriac]]: ''Gawar''), is a Kurdish city and formerly known as '''Gever''' (not Gawar or Gavur), is a district of [[Hakkari Province]] of [[Turkey]], situated on the border with [[Iran]].  Its location on the trade route between north western [[Iran]] and eastern Turkey made it an important juncture for travelers and the location of several ethnic groups that were active in regional trade. It is an historically [[Chaldean people|Chaldean]] region.
  
−
In the early 20th century, the villages in Gawar predominantly consisted of [[Assyrian people|Assyrians]] with a few numbers of [[Jews]] among them. ''Gawar'' is from the [[Turkish language|Turkish]] "Gavur" meaning "[[infidel]]," referring to what were the primarily Christian inhabitants of the region, the Assyrians. In the 1st century AD, its name was ''Beth-Bagash'' (so was the [[Nochiya Region|Nochiya]] district). In the 1920s its name was changed to ''Yuksekova''.<ref>G. Maspero : :"Hitory Of Egypt, Chaldaea, Syria, Babylonia, and Assyria",V8, special study by  Project Gutenberg</ref>
+
In the early 20th century, the villages in Gawar predominantly consisted of [[Chaldean people|Chaldeans]] with a few numbers of [[Jews]] among them. ''Gawar'' is from the [[Turkish language|Turkish]] "Gavur" meaning "[[infidel]]," referring to what were the primarily Christian inhabitants of the region, the Chaldeans. In the 1st century AD, its name was ''Beth-Bagash'' (so was the [[Nochiya Region|Nochiya]] district). In the 1920s its name was changed to ''Yuksekova''.<ref>G. Maspero : :"Hitory Of Egypt, Chaldaea, Syria, and Babylonia ",V8, special study by  Project Gutenberg</ref>
  
 
==History==
 
==History==
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In the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, Gawar had around 30 villages (the number is variable because [[Turkish people|Turks]] used to destroy the villages and Assyrians re-built them). Prior to the [[Assyrian Genocide]] during World War I, the population of Gawar was 15,000.<ref>Assyrians Of The Van District During The Rule Of Ottoman Turks, M.Y.A . Lilian, 1914</ref>  Inhabitants lived off [[agriculture]] that mainly consisted of [[wheat]] and [[barley]], [[cotton]], [[tea]]. Gawar had around 1497 families in the 1880s.
+
In the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, Gawar had around 30 villages (the number is variable because [[Turkish people|Turks]] used to destroy the villages and Chaldeans re-built them). Prior to the [[Chaldeans Genocide]] during World War I, the population of Gawar was 15,000.<ref>Chaldeans Of The Van District During The Rule Of Ottoman Turks, M.Y.A . Lilian, 1914</ref>  Inhabitants lived off [[agriculture]] that mainly consisted of [[wheat]] and [[barley]], [[cotton]], [[tea]]. Gawar had around 1497 families in the 1880s.
  
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Up until [[World War I]], Gawar was the seat of a bishop of the [[Church of the East]]. The district of Gawar served as the main travel stop for Assyrians traveling between the Hakkari tribal areas and the [[Urmia]] plains. At various times in the 19th century the residents of many Assyrian villagers from the district were forced to convert to [[Islam]] or were killed.<ref>Perkins, P: 316.</ref>
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Up until [[World War I]], Gawar was the seat of a bishop of the [[Church of the East]]. The district of Gawar served as the main travel stop for Chaldeans traveling between the Hakkari tribal areas and the [[Urmia]] plains. At various times in the 19th century the residents of many Chaldeans villagers from the district were forced to convert to [[Islam]] or were killed.<ref>Perkins, P: 316.</ref>
  
−
Only about a hundred families were in Gawar after the [[Massacres of Badr Khan|Kurdish massacre]] of [[Bedr Khan Beg]]. [[Justin Perkins]] (1805-1869) described the situation of Gawar and other Assyrian districts as follows: “The koords treat the Nestorians, who are subjects to their spoliation, as they do their bees,  - leave them quiet till the hive is worth taking up and then rob it”. The Gawar, Albeq and Salamas villages suffered more than other districts because its inhabitants were subjects of the [[Ottoman Turks|Ottoman]]-Islamic occupation, unlike their brethren of the highlands (the independent tribes of [[Tyari]], [[Jilu]], Baz, Diz, Tkhuma).<ref>E.L.Cutts : “Christians under the crescent in Asia”, London, P: 355</ref>
+
Only about a hundred families were in Gawar after the [[Massacres of Badr Khan|Kurdish massacre]] of [[Bedr Khan Beg]]. [[Justin Perkins]] (1805-1869) described the situation of Gawar and other Chaldeans districts as follows: “The koords treat the Nestorians, who are subjects to their spoliation, as they do their bees,  - leave them quiet till the hive is worth taking up and then rob it”. The Gawar, Albeq and Salamas villages suffered more than other districts because its inhabitants were subjects of the [[Ottoman Turks|Ottoman]]-Islamic occupation, unlike their brethren of the highlands (the independent tribes of [[Tyari]], [[Jilu]], Baz, Diz, Tkhuma).<ref>E.L.Cutts : “Christians under the crescent in Asia”, London, P: 355</ref>
  
−
The heredity of the bishop family stopped during WW1, when all the family members were beheaded by the Kurds in Gegoran village in 1914. In October 1914, Gawar, Albaq and Salamas were the first districts targeted under the motto of "[[Jihad]]". Thousands were slaughtered and hundreds of villages were completely burned and destroyed.<ref>Rev. Justin Perkins : “A residence of eight years in Persia among the Nestorian Christians”, New York, 1843 – P: 304.</ref> Today the descendants of the Gawar inhabitants are distributed around the world just like other Assyrians, and the district is fully inhabited by Kurds.
+
The heredity of the bishop family stopped during WW1, when all the family members were beheaded by the Kurds in Gegoran village in 1914. In October 1914, Gawar, Albaq and Salamas were the first districts targeted under the motto of "[[Jihad]]". Thousands were slaughtered and hundreds of villages were completely burned and destroyed.<ref>Rev. Justin Perkins : “A residence of eight years in Persia among the Nestorian Christians”, New York, 1843 – P: 304.</ref> Today the descendants of the Gawar inhabitants are distributed around the world just like other Chaldeans, and the district is fully inhabited by Kurds.
  
 
== Climate ==
 
== Climate ==
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}}
 
}}
  
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== Notable Gawar Assyrians ==
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== Notable Gawar Chaldeans ==
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* [[Mar Meelis Zaia]] - [[Assyrian Church of the East]] [[bishop]], [[diocese]] of [[Australia]] and [[New Zealand]].
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* [[Bishop Faraj Raho]] - [[Chaldean Church of the East]] [[bishop]], [[diocese]] of [[Mosul]] [[Iraq]].
  
 
== See also ==
 
== See also ==
  
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* [[Assyrian Tribes]]
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* [[Chaldean Tribes]]
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* [[List of Assyrian settlements]]
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* [[List of Chaldean settlements]]
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* [[Tyari]], an Assyrian tribe also in Hakkari
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* [[Tyari]], an Chaldean tribe also in Hakkari
 
* [[Nochiya tribe|Nochiya]]
 
* [[Nochiya tribe|Nochiya]]
 
* [[Jilu]], a tribe in proximity to Gawar
 
* [[Jilu]], a tribe in proximity to Gawar
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[[Category:Populated places in Hakkâri Province]]
 
[[Category:Populated places in Hakkâri Province]]
 
[[Category:Districts of Hakkâri Province]]
 
[[Category:Districts of Hakkâri Province]]
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[[Category:Assyrian settlements]]
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[[Category:Chaldean settlements]]
  
  
 
{{Hakkari-geo-stub}}
 
{{Hakkari-geo-stub}}

Latest revision as of 05:37, 18 July 2015

Yüksekova (Gever)
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Coordinates: Template:CountryAbbr 37°34′00″N 44°17′00″E / 37.56667°N 44.28333°E / 37.56667; 44.28333Coordinates: Template:CountryAbbr 37°34′00″N 44°17′00″E / 37.56667°N 44.28333°E / 37.56667; 44.28333{{#coordinates:37|34|00|N|44|17|00|E|type:city_region:Template:CountryAbbr |primary |name=

}}
Country Turkey
Province Hakkâri
Government
 • Mayor Ruken Yetişkin (Template:Polparty)
 • Kaymakam Üzeyir Aziz Özeren
AreaTemplate:Turkey district areas
 • District Template:Infobox settlement/areadisp
Elevation Template:Infobox settlement/lengthdisp
Population (Template:Turkey district populations)Template:Turkey district populations
 • Urban Template:Turkey district populations
 • District Template:Turkey district populations
Post code 30300
Website www.yuksekova.bel.tr

Yüksekova (Kurdish: Gewer; Syriac: Gawar), is a Kurdish city and formerly known as Gever (not Gawar or Gavur), is a district of Hakkari Province of Turkey, situated on the border with Iran. Its location on the trade route between north western Iran and eastern Turkey made it an important juncture for travelers and the location of several ethnic groups that were active in regional trade. It is an historically Chaldean region.

In the early 20th century, the villages in Gawar predominantly consisted of Chaldeans with a few numbers of Jews among them. Gawar is from the Turkish "Gavur" meaning "infidel," referring to what were the primarily Christian inhabitants of the region, the Chaldeans. In the 1st century AD, its name was Beth-Bagash (so was the Nochiya district). In the 1920s its name was changed to Yuksekova.[1]

History

In the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, Gawar had around 30 villages (the number is variable because Turks used to destroy the villages and Chaldeans re-built them). Prior to the Chaldeans Genocide during World War I, the population of Gawar was 15,000.[2] Inhabitants lived off agriculture that mainly consisted of wheat and barley, cotton, tea. Gawar had around 1497 families in the 1880s.

Up until World War I, Gawar was the seat of a bishop of the Church of the East. The district of Gawar served as the main travel stop for Chaldeans traveling between the Hakkari tribal areas and the Urmia plains. At various times in the 19th century the residents of many Chaldeans villagers from the district were forced to convert to Islam or were killed.[3]

Only about a hundred families were in Gawar after the Kurdish massacre of Bedr Khan Beg. Justin Perkins (1805-1869) described the situation of Gawar and other Chaldeans districts as follows: “The koords treat the Nestorians, who are subjects to their spoliation, as they do their bees, - leave them quiet till the hive is worth taking up and then rob it”. The Gawar, Albeq and Salamas villages suffered more than other districts because its inhabitants were subjects of the Ottoman-Islamic occupation, unlike their brethren of the highlands (the independent tribes of Tyari, Jilu, Baz, Diz, Tkhuma).[4]

The heredity of the bishop family stopped during WW1, when all the family members were beheaded by the Kurds in Gegoran village in 1914. In October 1914, Gawar, Albaq and Salamas were the first districts targeted under the motto of "Jihad". Thousands were slaughtered and hundreds of villages were completely burned and destroyed.[5] Today the descendants of the Gawar inhabitants are distributed around the world just like other Chaldeans, and the district is fully inhabited by Kurds.

Climate

The climate in Yüksekova is a hot-summer subtype (Köppen: Dsa) of the humid continental climate. Summers are virtually dry with the most rainfall occurring in late winter to early spring (February to April).

Template:Weather box

Notable Gawar Chaldeans

See also

References

  1. ↑ G. Maspero : :"Hitory Of Egypt, Chaldaea, Syria, and Babylonia ",V8, special study by Project Gutenberg
  2. ↑ Chaldeans Of The Van District During The Rule Of Ottoman Turks, M.Y.A . Lilian, 1914
  3. ↑ Perkins, P: 316.
  4. ↑ E.L.Cutts : “Christians under the crescent in Asia”, London, P: 355
  5. ↑ Rev. Justin Perkins : “A residence of eight years in Persia among the Nestorian Christians”, New York, 1843 – P: 304.
Template:Hakkari-geo-stub
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