Changes

The following is a '''list of the kings of [[File:Chaldean_King_hunting_a_lion_in_Babylon_2015Babylonia]]''' (ancient [[Sumer|southern]]-05-12_03-16.jpeg[[Akkadian Empire|thumbnail|Chaldean King hunting central]] [[Iraq]]), compiled from the traditional [[Babylonia]]n king lists and modern archaeological findings. One of the most popular kings known of ruling Babylonia and having a lion in Babylonvery important code of rules and rights, is [[Hammurabi]].

==Babylonian King List==The following Babylonian King List is a '''very specific ancient list of the supposed Babylonian kings of [[Babylonia]]''' (recorded in several ancient [[Sumer|southern]]-[[Akkadian Empire|central]] [[Iraq]])locations, and related to its predecessor, compiled from the traditional [[BabyloniaSumerian King List]]n king lists and modern archaeological findings.As in the latter, contemporaneous dynasties are misleadingly listed as successive without comment.{{cn|date=March 2017}}

==The Babylonian King List==The Babylonian King List is not merely a list of kings of Babylon, but is a very specific ancient list of supposed Babylonian kings recorded in several ancient locations, and related to its predecessor, the [[Sumerian King List]]. As in the latter, contemporaneous dynasties are listed chronologically without comment. There are three versions, which are known as "King List A"<ref>BM 33332.</ref> (containing all the kings from the [[First Dynasty of Babylon]] to the [[Neo-Assyria]]n king [[Kandalanu]]), "King List B"<ref>BM 38122.</ref> (containing only the two first dynasties), and "King List C"<ref>The text is in a private collection and was published in: {{cite journal | title = Second Dynasty of Isin According to a New King-List Tablet | author = Arno Poebel | journal = Assyriological studies Studies | issue = 15 | publisher = University of Chicago Press | year = 1955 }}</ref> (containing the first seven kings of the Second Dynasty of Isin). A fourth version was written in [[Ancient Greek language|Greek]] by [[Berossus]]. The "Babylonian King List of the Hellenistic Age" is a continuation that mentions all the [[Seleucid]] kings from [[Alexander the Great]] to [[Demetrius II Nicator]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Meissner|first=Bruno |title=Reallexikon der Assyriologie |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |location=Berlin |year=1990 |volume=6 |page=90 |isbn=3-11-010051-7 |url=httphttps://books.google.com/books?id=OIeiZaIo91IC&printsec=frontcover&cad=0#PPA90,M1}}</ref>

| [[Naplanum]] || cac. 1961–1940 BC || Contemporary of [[Ibbi-Suen]] of [[Ur III]]

| [[Emisum]] || cac. 1940–1912 BC ||

| [[Samium]] || cac. 1912–1877 BC ||

| [[Zabaia]] || cac. 1877–1868 BC || Son of Samium, First royal inscription

| [[Gungunum]] || cac. 1868–1841 BC || [[Gutian people|Gutian]] king who Gained independence from [[Lipit-Eshtar]] of [[Isin]]

| [[Abisare]] || cac. 1841–1830 BC ||

| [[Sumuel]] || cac. 1830–1801 BC ||

| [[Nur-Adad]] || cac. 1801–1785 BC || Contemporary of [[Sumu-la-El]] of Babylon

| [[Sin-Iddinam]] || cac. 1785–1778 BC || Son of Nur-Adad

| [[Sin-Eribam]] || cac. 1778–1776 BC ||

| [[Sin-Iqisham]] || cac. 1776–1771 BC || Contemporary of [[Zambiya]] of [[Isin]], Son of Sin-Eribam

| [[Silli-Adad]] || cac. 1771–1770 BC ||

| [[Warad-Sin]] || cac. 1770–1758 BC || Possible co-regency with [[Kudur-Mabuk]] his father

| [[Rim-Sin I]] || cac. 1758–1699 BC || Contemporary of [[Irdanene]] of [[Uruk]], Defeated by [[Hammurabi]] of Babylon, Brother of Warad-Sin

| [[Hammurabi]] of Babylon || cac. 1699–1686 BC || Official Babylonian rule, code of Hammurabi

| [[Samsu-iluna]] of Babylon || cac. 1686–1678 BC || Official Babylonian rule

| [[Rim-Sin II]] || cac. 1678–1674 BC || Killed in revolt against Babylon

| [[Sumu-abum]] or [[Su-abu]] ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| cac. 1830–1817 BC || [[Amorite]] chieftain, founder of independent Babylonian State, Contemporary of [[Erishum I]] of [[Assyria]]

| [[Sumu-la-El]] || cac. 1817–1781 BC || Contemporary of [[Ikunum]] of [[Assyria]]

| [[Sabium]] or [[Sabum]] || cac. 1781–1767 BC || Son of Sumu-la-El

| [[Apil-Sin]] || cac. 1767–1749 BC || Son of Sabium

| [[Sin-muballitMuballit]] || cac. 1748–1729 BC || Son of Apil-Sin

| [[Hammurabi]] || cac. 1728–1686 BC || Founded Babylonian Empire. Contemporary of [[Zimri-Lim]] of [[Mari, Syria|Mari]], [[Siwe-palar-huppak]] of [[Elam]] and [[Shamshi-Adad I]] of [[Assyria]]

| [[Samsu-iluna]] || cac. 1686–1648 BC || Son of Hammurabi

| [[Abi-eshuh]] or [[Abieshu]] || cac. 1648–1620 BC || Son of Samsu-iluna

| [[Ammi-ditana]] || cac. 1620–1583 BC || Son of Abi-eshuh

| [[Ammi-saduqa]] or [[Ammisaduqa]] || cac. 1582–1562 BC || [[Venus tablet of Ammisaduqa]]

| [[Samsu-Ditana]] || cac. 1562–1531 BC || Deposed by [[Hitite]] king [[Mursili I|Mursilis]] in the Sack of Babylon. Last [[Amorite]] ruler.

| [[Ilum-ma-ili]] || fl. cac. 1732 BC || Contemporary of [[Samsu-iluna]] and [[Abi-Eshuh|Abi-ešuh]]

| [[Ea-gamil]] || fl. cac. 1460 BC || Overthrown by [[Kassites|Kassite]] [[Ulamburiash|Ulam Buriaš]]

| [[Gandash|Gandaš]] || fl. cac. 1730 BC ||

| [[Agum II]] or [[Agum-Kakrime]] || cac. 1507 BC ||

| [[Kadashman-Enlil I]] ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| cac. 1374–1360 BC || Contemporary of [[Amenophis III]] of the [[Ancient Egypt|Egyptian]] [[Amarna letters]]

| [[Burnaburiash II]] || cac. 1359–1333 BC || Contemporary of [[Akhenaten]] and [[Ashur-uballit I]]

| [[Kara-hardash]] || cac. 1333 BC || Grandson of [[Ashur-uballit I]] of [[Assyria]]

| [[Nazi-Bugash]] or [[Shuzigash]] || cac. 1333 BC || Deposed by [[Ashur-uballit I]] of [[Assyria]]

| [[Kurigalzu II]] || cac. 1332–1308 BC || Son of Burnaburiash II, Fought [[Battle of Sugagi]] with [[Enlil-nirari]] of [[Assyria]]

| [[Nazi-Maruttash]] || cac. 1307–1282 BC || Contemporary of [[Adad-nirari I]] of [[Assyria]]

| [[Kadashman-Turgu]] || cac. 1281–1264 BC || Contemporary of [[Hattusili III]] of the [[Hittites]]

| [[Kadashman-Enlil II]] || cac. 1263–1255 BC || Contemporary of [[Hattusili III]] of the [[Hittites]]

| [[Kudur-Enlil]] || cac. 1254–1246 BC ||

| [[Shagarakti-Shuriash]] || cac. 1245–1233 BC || Son of Kudur-Enlil

| [[Kashtiliashu IV]] || cac. 1232–1225 BC || Deposed by [[Tukulti-Ninurta I]] of [[Assyria]]

| [[Enlil-nadin-shumi]] || cac. 1224 BC || [[Assyria]] installed governor under [[Tukulti-Ninurta I]]

| [[Kadashman-Harbe II]] || cac. 1223 BC || [[Assyria]] installed governor under [[Tukulti-Ninurta I]]

| [[Adad-shuma-iddina]] || cac. 1222–1217 BC || [[Assyria]] installed governor under [[Tukulti-Ninurta I]]

| [[Adad-shuma-usur]] || cac. 1216–1187 BC || Contemporary of [[Ashur-nirari III]] of [[Assyria]]

| [[Meli-Shipak II]] || cac. 1186–1172 BC ||

| [[Marduk-apla-iddina I]] || cac. 1171–1159 BC ||

| [[Zababa-shuma-iddin]] || cac. 1158 BC ||

| [[Enlil-nadin-ahi]] || cac. 1157–1155 BC|| Deposed by [[Shutruk-Nahhunte]] of [[Elam]], ending the [[Kassite]] Dynasty

| [[Marduk-kabit-ahheshu]] || cac. 1155–1140 BC || Founded first native Mesopotamian Dynasty in Babylon

| [[Itti-Marduk-balatu (king)|Itti-Marduk-balatu]] || cac. 1140–1132 BC ||

| [[Ninurta-nadin-shumi]] || cac. 1132–1126 BC ||

| [[Nebuchadnezzar I|Nabu-kudurri-usur]] ([[Nebuchadnezzar I]]) || cac. 1126–1103 BC || Contemporary and rival of [[Ashur-resh-ishi I]] of [[AssurAssyria]]

| [[Enlil-nadin-apli]] || cac. 1103–1100 BC || Fought with [[Tiglath-Pileser I]] of AssurAssyria

| [[Marduk-nadin-ahhe]] || cac. 1100–1082 BC || Fought with [[Tiglath-Pileser I]] of AssurAssyria

| [[Marduk-shapik-zeri]] || cac. 1082–1069 BC || Entente cordial with [[Ashur-bel-kala|Aššur-bêl-kala]] of Assyria

| [[Adad-apla-iddina]] || cac. 1069–1046 BC || Married daughter to [[Ashur-bel-kala|Aššur-bêl-kala]] of Assyria

| [[Marduk-ahhe-eriba]] || cac. 1046 BC ||

| [[Marduk-zer-X]] || cac. 1046–1033 BC ||

| [[Nabu-shum-libur]] || cac. 1033–1025 BC || Dynasty ends with incursions of the [[Arameans]]

Known as the 2nd Sealand Dynasty, the evidence that this was a [[Kassite]] Dynasty is rather tenuous.<ref>{{cite book | title = Reallexikon Der Assyriologie Und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie: Meek - Mythologie | author = Bruno Meissner | editor = Dietz Otto Edzard | publisher = Walter De Gruyter | year = 1999 | page = 8 }} “The Kassite name of Simbar-Šipak, the Kassite derived theothoric element (^dKaššû = “the Kassite (god)”) in the name of the third king, and the tribal affiliation of the second monarch could suggest that this dynasty represented a revival of Kassite power following the native Babylonian rulers of the Second Dynasty of Isin; but the evidence at present must be regarded as tenuous.”</ref>

| [[Simbar-shipak]] || cac. 1025–1008 BC || Deposed native dynasty, assassinated by his successor

| [[Ea-mukin-zeri]] || cac. 1008 BC || Usurper

| [[Kashshu-nadin-ahi]] || cac. 1008–1004 BC || Distressed times and famine

Known as the Bīt-Bazi Dynasty after the region from where this minor [[Kassites|Kassite]] clan drew its ancestry.<ref>{{cite book | title = The Cambridge Ancient History (Volume 3, Part 1) | chapter = Babylonia, c. 1000 – 748 B.C. | author = J. A. Brinkman | editor editor1= John Boardman, |editor2=I. E. S. Edwards, |editor3=N. G. L. Hammond, |editor4=E. Sollberger | publisher = Cambridge University Press | year = 1982 | pages = 296–297 }}</ref>

| [[Eulmash-shakin-shumi]] || cac. 1004 – 987 BC || Founded Bīt-Bazi dynasty

| [[Ninurta-kudurri-usur I]] || cac. 987 – 985 BC ||

| [[Shirikti-shuqamuna]] || cac. 985 BC ||

| [[Mar-biti-apla-usur]] || cac. 985 – 979 BC || [[Elamite]] king who deposed the [[Arameans]]

| [[Nabu-mukin-apli]] || cac. 979 – 943 BC || Native [[Babylonia]]n dynasty

===Dynasty IX of Babylon(Dynasty of E) ===

| [[Ninurta-kudurri-usur II]] || cac. 943 BC || Succeeded his father Nabu-mukin-apli

| [[Mar-biti-ahhe-iddina]] || cac. 943 – 920 BC || Contemporary of [[Ashur-Dan II]] of Assyria

| [[Shamash-mudammiq]] || cac. 920 – 900 BC || Lost territory to [[Adad-nirari II]] of Assyria

| [[Nabu-shuma-ukin I]] || cac. 900 – 888 BC || Gained territory from [[Adad-nirari II]] of Assyria

| [[Nabu-apla-iddina]] || cac. 888 – 855 BC ||

| [[Marduk-zakir-shumi I]] || cac. 855 – 819 BC || Subjugated by [[Shalmaneser III]] of Assyria

| [[Marduk-balassu-iqbi]] || cac. 819 – 813 BC || Subjugated by [[Shalmaneser III]] of Assyria

| [[Baba-aha-iddina]] || cac. 813 – 811 BC || Subjugated by [[Adad-nirari III]] of Assyria

| 5 kings || cac. 811 – 800 BC || Subjugated by [[Adad-nirari III]] of Assyria

| [[Ninurta-apla-X]] || cac. 800 – 790 BC || Briefly Freed Babylonia from Assyrian influence

| [[Marduk-bel-zeri]] || cac. 790 – 780 BC ||

| [[Marduk-apla-usur]] || cac. 780 – 769 BC || [[ChaldeanChaldea]] n usurper, subjected by Assyria

| [[Eriba-Marduk]] || cac. 769 – 761 BC || [[ChaldeanChaldea]] n usurper, subjected by Assyria

| [[Nabu-shuma-ishkun]] || cac. 761 – 748 BC || [[ChaldeanChaldea]] n usurper, subjected by Assyria

| [[Nabu-suma-ukin II]] || 732 BC || King of Babylon for one month and two days.|-| [[Nabu-mukin-zeri]] || 732 – 729 BC ||

| [[Nergal-ushezib]] || 694 – 693 BC || [[ElamiteChaldea]] n ruler, murdered [[Ashur-nadin-shumi]]

| [[Mushezib-Marduk]] || 693 – 689 BC || [[ElamiteChaldea]] n ruler

| [[Sinsharishkun]] || cac. 626 – 620 BC || Assyrian king. Lost control over Babylonia in 620 BC.

===Dynasty XI of Babylon (Neo-Babylonian or [[Chaldea]]n Dynasty)===

| [[Nabu-apla-usur]] ([[Nabopolassar]]) || 626 – 605 BC || [[Chaldea]]n king. Took control of Babylonia from [[Sinsharishkun]] of Assyria, ejected Assyrian armies from Babylonia in 616 BC. Entered into alliance with [[Cyaxares]] and destroyed Assyrian empire.

| [[Nabu-kudurri-usur]] ([[Nebuchadnezzar II]]) || 604 605 – 562 BC || [[Chaldea]]n king. Defeated the [[Egyptians]] and Assyrians at [[Carchemish]]. Is associated with [[Daniel (biblical figure)|Daniel]] in the Bible.

| [[Amel-Marduk]] (Evil-Merodach) || 562 – 560 BC || Released Jehoiachin [[Jeconiah]] after 37 years in captivity.

| [[Neriglissar|Nergal-shar-usur]] (Nergal-sharezer/Neriglissar) || 560 – 556 BC ||Son-in-law of Nebuchadnezzar II. Murdered Amel-Marduk.

| [[Labashi-Marduk]] || 556 BC ||Son of Neriglissar. Murdered after being deemed unfit to rule.

| [[Nabu-na'id]] ([[Nabonidus]]) || 556 – 539 BC || Last Mesopotamian king of Babylon, originated in [[Harran]] in Assyria. Was not a Chaldean, often left rule to his son [[Belshazzar]]in a co-regency arrangement.

In 539 BC, Babylon was captured by [[Cyrus the Great]]. His son was later crowned formally as King of Babylonia. This list uses the Greek names of the achaemenid Achaemenid Persian kings.

| [[Cambyses IICyrus the Great]] || 529 – 522 539-530 BC || son of Cyrus Conquered Babylon into the Great[[Achaemenid Empire|Persian Empire]].

| [[SmerdisCambyses II]] || 530 – 522 BC || son Son of Cyrus the Great (possible an usurper named Gaumata)<br>Reigned only for seven months.

| [[Darius I of Persia|Darius I the GreatBardiya]] || 521 – 486 522 BC || son-in-law Son of Cyrus the Great and son of [[Hystaspes (father of Darius Ipossible an usurper named Gaumata)|Hystaspes]]<br>Reigned only for seven months.

| [[Xerxes Darius I of Persia|Xerxes Darius I the Great]] || 485 521 – 465 486 BC || son Son-in-law of Darius Cyrus the Great and grandson son of Cyrus the Great.<br>Maybe the [[Ahasuerus]] mentioned in the [[Book Hystaspes (father of EstherDarius I)|Hystaspes]].

| [[Artaxerxes Xerxes I of Persia|Artaxerxes Xerxes I Longimanusthe Great]] || 465 485 – 424 465 BC || son Son of Xerxes Darius the Great and grandson of Cyrus the Great.<br>Mentioned in Maybe the [[book of EzraAhasuerus]] and mentioned in the [[book Book of NehemiahEsther]].

| [[Xerxes II Artaxerxes I of Persia|Xerxes IIArtaxerxes I Longimanus]] || 465 – 424 BC || son Son of Artaxerxes Longimanus, reigned only for forty-five daysXerxes the Great.<br>Mentioned in the [[book of Ezra]] and the [[book of Nehemiah]].

| [[Sogdianus Xerxes II of Persia|SogdianusXerxes II]] || 424 – 423 BC || illegitimate half-brother and rival Son of Xerxes IIArtaxerxes Longimanus, reigned only for forty-five days.

| [[Darius II Sogdianus of Persia|Darius II NothusSogdianus]] || 424 – 423 – 405 BC || illegitimate Illegitimate half-brother and rival of Xerxes II.

| [[Artaxerxes Darius II of Persia|Artaxerxes Darius II MnemonNothus]] || 404 423 – 359 405 BC || son Illegitimate half-brother and rival of Darius Nothus, mentioned by [[Xenophon]]Xerxes II.

| [[Artaxerxes III II of Persia|Artaxerxes III OchusII Mnemon]] || 358 404 – 338 359 BC || son Son of Artaxerxes MnenonDarius Nothus, mentioned by [[Xenophon]].

| [[Arses Artaxerxes III of Persia|Artaxerxes IV ArsesIII Ochus]] || 338 358 – 336 338 BC || son Son of Artaxerxes OchusMnenon.

| [[Arses of Persia|Artaxerxes IV Arses]] || 338 – 336 BC || Son of Artaxerxes Ochus.|-| [[Darius III of Persia|Darius III Codomannus]] || 336 – 330 BC || greatGreat-grandson Grandson of Darius Nothus.

==Seleucid Macedonian Babylonia=={{Further|Seleucid Empire}}Babylon was captured by [[Alexander the Great]] in 330 BC. It was captured by the Parthians in 141 BC.

| [[Philip III of Macedon|Philip III Arrhideus]] ||323 - 317 BC |||-| [[Alexander IV of Macedon|Alexander IV]] || 323 317 – 309 BC |||-|} ==Seleucid Babylonia=={{Further|Seleucid Empire}}Babylon was captured by [[Alexander the Great]] in 330 BC. It was captured by the Parthians in 141 BC.{| class="nowraplinks" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" width="600px" rules="all" style="background:#fbfbfb; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; font-size:90%; empty-cells:show; border-collapse:collapse"|- bgcolor="#F6E6AE"! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments

*[[List of Babylonian KingsAssyrian kings]]