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The '''Chaldean Catholic Church''' ({{lang-syc|ܥܕܬܐ ܟܠܕܝܬܐ ܩܬܘܠܝܩܝܬܐ}}, ''ʿītha kaldetha qāthuliqetha''), is an [[Eastern Catholic Churches|Eastern]] [[Syriac Christianity|Syriac]] [[Particular church#Autonomous particular Churches or Rites|particular church]] of the [[Catholic Church]], under the [[Apostolic see|Holy See]] of the [[Catholicos]]-[[Patriarch of Babylon]], maintaining [[full communion]] with the [[Bishop of Rome]] and the rest of the Catholic Church. The Chaldean Catholic Church presently comprises an estimated 2,500,000 people who are ethnic [[Chaldean people|Chaldeans]]
The connections with Rome loosened up under Sulaqa's successors: The last patriarch to be formally recognized by the Pope died in 1600, the hereditary of the office was reintroduced and, in 1692, the [[Full communion|communion]] with Rome was formally broken, with this part of the church once more rejoining the [[Church of the East]].
[[File:Chaldean Bishops worldwide.jpg|thumb|Chaldean Bishops worldwide representing the Chaldean Church led by Chaldean Cardinal Emmanuel Delly III visit the Holy Pope, The Vatican, Italy, 2013]]
{{See also|Shimun VIII Yohannan Sulaqa}}
All Joseph I's successors took the name of Joseph. The life of this patriarchate was difficult: at the beginning due to the vexations from the traditionalists, under which they were subject from a legal point of view, and later it struggled with financial difficulties due to the tax burden imposed by the [[Ottoman Empire|Turkish]] authorities.
[[File:Two Chaldean bishops ordination (Bishop Baselio Yaldo and Bishop Shaleta).jpg|thumb|Chaldean Bishops Ordination in Michigan 2015 (Bishop Yaldo and Bishop Shalita)]]
[[File:Diyarbakir P1050612 20080427130622.JPG|thumb|Chaldean Monastery, Dyar Bakir, Turkey, Established 3rd Century AD]]
===19th century: expansion and disaster===
[[File:King Faisal I with Chaldean bishops (1852 1947).jpg|thumbnail|[[Faisal I of Iraq]] with all the Chaldean bishops and the Patriarch [[Yousef VI Emmanuel II Thomas]], 1921 ]]
The following years of the Chaldean Church were marked by externally originating violence: in 1838 the monastery of [[Rabban Hormizd Monastery|Rabban Hormizd]] and the town of Alqosh was attacked by the [[Kurds]] of [[Soran Emirate|Soran]] and hundreds of Christian Chaldeans died.<ref name="Wilm">David Wilmshurst, ''The Ecclesiastical Organisation of the Church of the East, 1318-1913'', Peeters Publishers, 2000 ISBN 90-429-0876-9</ref>{{rp|32}} In 1843 the Kurds started to collect as much money as they could from Chaldean villages, killing those who refused: more than 10,000 Chaldean Christians of all denominations were killed and the icons of the Rabban Hormizd monastery defaced.<ref name="Frazee" />{{rp|298}} {{Eastern Catholicism}}In 1846 the Chaldean Church was recognized by the [[Ottoman Empire]] as a '[[millet (Ottoman Empire)|millet]]', a distinctive 'religious community' in the Empire, thus obtaining its civic emancipation.<ref name="angold">Michael Angold ''Eastern Christianity'', Cambridge University Press, 2006 ISBN 0-521-81113-9 pag 528</ref> The most famous patriarch of the Chaldean Church in the 19th century was [[Joseph Audo|Joseph VI Audo]] who is remembered also for his clashes with [[Pope Pius IX]] mainly about his attempts to extend the Chaldean jurisdiction over the Indian [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]]. This was a period of expansion for the Chaldean Catholic Church.[[File:Church-In Basra-Iraq كنيسة في البصرة العراق.JPG|thumbnail|A [[Chaldean Catholic]] Church in [[Basra]] 2014]]In the early 20th century massacres and continuation of the [[Chaldean Genocide]] died from cold in the winter or hunger. The disaster struck mainly the regions of the Chaldean Church of the East and the Chaldean dioceses in north Chaldea (Amid, [[Siirt]] and [[Gazarta]]) were ruined (the Chaldeans metropolitans [[Addai Scher]] of [[Siirt]] and [[Philip Abraham]] of [[Gazarta]] were killed in 1915).<ref name="Wilm"/>{{rp|37}}
A further massacre occurred in 1933 at the hands of the [[Iraqi Army]], in the form of the [[Simele massacre]], which resulted in thousands of deaths.
