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'''Chaldean Identity in Historical Documents,'''
''Research Published by Bishop Mar Sarhad Youssab Jammo, PHD''
[[File:Chaldeans with Chaldean Flag.jpg |thumbnail]]
When the messengers of Christ came to Mesopotamia and Persia, these places were under the control of the Parthian state, which was followed by the Sassanid dynasty, from the third century AD until the era of the Arab conquests. The Parthian state and then the Sassanid state divided the regions it ruled into small kingdoms, or into administrative regions called marzipans. Zoroastrianism was the official religion on the periphery of the Persian Empire, Aramaic and Chaldean, with its local dialects, was the dominant language among and around Mesopotamia. Because these elements of identity, including language, religion, and belonging to a state, were common to the people of Mesopotamia in general, belonging to a particular region or city took on the meaning of personal distinction and private belonging. One was from Hadiab, or from Mishan, or from Qatar or from Nineveh. Along these lines, the people are mentioned in the book of Acts of the Apostles: “Parithians, Medes, Elamites, and Mesopotamia… and Romanians… and Cretians and Arabs” (Acts 2,9-11) Although the congregation present in the Upper Room of Jerusalem on Pentecost was all Jewish pilgrims, their civic identity was defined by the Bible in relation to the territories in which they inhabited.
