Changes
{{Infobox prepared food
| name = Shawarma
| image = [[File:Shawarma (2223426004).jpg|250px]]
| caption = Shawarma in a pita
| country =
| region =
| creator =
| course =
| type = [[Meat]]
| served =
| main_ingredient = Meat: [[lamb and mutton|lamb]], [[Chicken (food)|chicken]], [[Turkey meat|turkey]], [[beef]]<br />Sandwich: Shawarma meat, [[pita]] or [[sandwich wrap|wrap]] bread, chopped or shredded vegetables, pickles and assorted condiments
| variations =
| calories =
| other =
}}
'''''Shawarma''''' or '''''Shawurma''''' ({{lang-ar|شاورما}} / [[ALA-LC]]: ''shāwarmā'';) is a [[Levantine cuisine|Levantine]] [[Arab cuisine|Arab]]<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=yqgUAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Shawarma+is+a+popular+Levantine+Arab+specialty.%22&dq=%22Shawarma+is+a+popular+Levantine+Arab+specialty.%22 |title=Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle Eastern |author=Philip Mattar|edition=Hardcover |publisher=Macmillan Library Reference |year=2004 |isbn=0028657713 |page=840 |quote=''Shawarma is a popular Levantine Arab specialty.''}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Ier6CmQ-e-kC&pg=PA115&dq=Shawarma+arab#v=onepage&q=Shawarma%20arab&f=false |title=Around the World of Food: Adventures in Culinary History |author=John A La Boone III |edition=Paperback |publisher=iUniverse, Inc|year=2006|isbn=0595389686|page=115 |quote=''Shawarma - An Arab sandwich similar to the gyro.''}}</ref> meat preparation, where [[lamb and mutton|lamb]], [[Chicken (food)|chicken]], [[turkey meat|turkey]], [[beef]], [[veal]], or mixed meats are placed on a [[Spit (cooking aide)|spit]] (commonly a vertical spit in [[restaurant]]s), and may be grilled for as long as a day. Shavings are cut off the block of meat for serving, and the remainder of the block of meat is kept heated on the rotating spit. Although it can be served in shavings on a plate (generally with accompaniments), ''shawarma'' also refers to a sandwich or [[sandwich wrap|wrap]] made with ''shawarma'' meat. Shawarma is usually eaten with [[tabbouleh]], [[fattoush]], [[taboon bread]], tomato, and cucumber. Toppings include [[tahini]], [[hummus]], pickled [[turnips]] and [[Amba (condiment)|amba]]. It is akin to the Turkish ''[[doner kebab]]'' and the Greek ''[[gyro (food)|gyros]]''.<ref>[[Aglaia Kremezi]] and Anissa Helou, "What's in a Dish's Name", "Food and Language", ''Proceedings of the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery'', 2009, ISBN 190301879X</ref>
The [[Arabic language|Arabic]] naming ''shawarma'' or ''shawurma'' comes from the [[Turkish language|Turkish]] word ''çevirme'' {{IPA-tr|tʃeviɾˈme|}} "turning".<ref name=Mansourip307>[http://books.google.ca/books?id=UYdGmhupj5AC&pg=PA307&dq=shawarma+turning&hl=en&ei=Gp7WTpmhGovm8QPTqsSqAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=shawarma%20turning&f=false Terrorism, the Origin and the Sources: An Anthology of Poetry Ambigrams and Political Oratories], p. 307.</ref>
==Preparation==
[[File:Jerusalem shawarma.jpg|right|thumb|Shawarma in [[Jerusalem]]]]
Shawarma is made by alternately stacking
additional flavoring. The meat is roasted slowly on all sides as the spit rotates in front of, or over, a flame for hours (see [[rotisserie]]). Traditionally, a wood fire was used; currently, a gas flame is common. While specialty restaurants might offer two or more meat selections, some establishments have just one skewer.
While cooking, the meat is shaved off the stack with a large knife, an electric knife or a small [[circular saw]], dropping to a circular tray below to be retrieved. Shawarma is eaten as a [[fast food]], made up into a sandwich wrap with [[pita]] bread or rolled up in an Azerbaijani lavash [[flatbread]] together with vegetables and dressing. A variety of vegetables come with the shawarma which include: cucumber, onion, tomato, lettuce, eggplant, [[parsley]], pickled [[turnip]]s, pickled [[gherkin]]s, pickles, rhubarb and cabbage. This will optionally be accompanied by [[French fries]] in some countries, including: [[Jordan]], [[Libya]], [[Syria]], [[State of Palestine|Palestine]], [[Israel]], [[Lebanon]], [[Pakistan]], [[Turkey]], [[Egypt]], [[India]], and [[Saudi Arabia]], also countries in Europe such as [[Belgium]], [[Romania]], [[Italy]], [[Germany]], [[Bulgaria]] and the [[United Kingdom]], and in [[Australia]] and [[Canada]].<ref>[http://www.yalla-yalla.co.uk/ yalla-yalla.co.uk], Beirut street food in London</ref> Other options include thick cut French fries served inside the lavash to help soak up the sauce and juices, keeping them inside the wrap.<ref>[http://www.mrfalafel.net/our-menu/ mrfalafel.net], item descriptions</ref>
Dressings include: [[tahini]] (or tahina), [[Amba (condiment)|amba]] sauce (pickled mango with chili), [[hummus]], or flavored with vinegar and spices such as [[cardamom]], [[cinnamon]], and [[nutmeg]]. Chicken shawarma is served with garlic mayonnaise, [[toumaia]] (garlic sauce), [[pomegranate]] concentrate, or [[skhug]] (a hot [[Chili pepper|chili]] sauce). Once the shawarma is made, it might be dipped in the fat dripping from the skewer and then briefly seared against the flame.
In the Philippines, it is very common to find beef and chicken as options for shawerma. Most shawerma restaurant, use a traditional bread called [[khubz]] which is round in shape; the sandwich usually includes toumaia, green pickles, french fries and may have optional hot sauce. The shawerma has a very rich flavour from the toumaia which marinates the meat.
In India, chicken and mutton are more common, and rumali roti is also used as a wrap, along with [[khubz]] and a long [[baguette]].{{Citation needed|date=May 2014}}
In Israel, Shawarma is mainly made of turkey, although chicken, beef and lamb shawarma can also be found.
==See also==
{{portal|Food}}
* [[Doner kebab]]
* [[Gyro (food)|Gyro]]
* [[Shish taouk]]
* [[List of sandwiches]]
* [[Street food]]
* [[Al pastor|Tacos al Pastor]]
== References ==
{{reflist|2}}
==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline}}
[[Category:Kebabs]]
[[Category:Spit-cooked foods]]
[[Category:Street food]]
[[Category:Sandwiches]]
[[Category:Arab cuisine]]
[[Category:Middle Eastern cuisine]]
[[Category:Israeli cuisine]]
[[Category:Turkish cuisine]]
[[Category:Levantine cuisine]]
[[Category:Middle Eastern grilled meats]]
| name = Shawarma
| image = [[File:Shawarma (2223426004).jpg|250px]]
| caption = Shawarma in a pita
| country =
| region =
| creator =
| course =
| type = [[Meat]]
| served =
| main_ingredient = Meat: [[lamb and mutton|lamb]], [[Chicken (food)|chicken]], [[Turkey meat|turkey]], [[beef]]<br />Sandwich: Shawarma meat, [[pita]] or [[sandwich wrap|wrap]] bread, chopped or shredded vegetables, pickles and assorted condiments
| variations =
| calories =
| other =
}}
'''''Shawarma''''' or '''''Shawurma''''' ({{lang-ar|شاورما}} / [[ALA-LC]]: ''shāwarmā'';) is a [[Levantine cuisine|Levantine]] [[Arab cuisine|Arab]]<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=yqgUAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Shawarma+is+a+popular+Levantine+Arab+specialty.%22&dq=%22Shawarma+is+a+popular+Levantine+Arab+specialty.%22 |title=Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle Eastern |author=Philip Mattar|edition=Hardcover |publisher=Macmillan Library Reference |year=2004 |isbn=0028657713 |page=840 |quote=''Shawarma is a popular Levantine Arab specialty.''}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Ier6CmQ-e-kC&pg=PA115&dq=Shawarma+arab#v=onepage&q=Shawarma%20arab&f=false |title=Around the World of Food: Adventures in Culinary History |author=John A La Boone III |edition=Paperback |publisher=iUniverse, Inc|year=2006|isbn=0595389686|page=115 |quote=''Shawarma - An Arab sandwich similar to the gyro.''}}</ref> meat preparation, where [[lamb and mutton|lamb]], [[Chicken (food)|chicken]], [[turkey meat|turkey]], [[beef]], [[veal]], or mixed meats are placed on a [[Spit (cooking aide)|spit]] (commonly a vertical spit in [[restaurant]]s), and may be grilled for as long as a day. Shavings are cut off the block of meat for serving, and the remainder of the block of meat is kept heated on the rotating spit. Although it can be served in shavings on a plate (generally with accompaniments), ''shawarma'' also refers to a sandwich or [[sandwich wrap|wrap]] made with ''shawarma'' meat. Shawarma is usually eaten with [[tabbouleh]], [[fattoush]], [[taboon bread]], tomato, and cucumber. Toppings include [[tahini]], [[hummus]], pickled [[turnips]] and [[Amba (condiment)|amba]]. It is akin to the Turkish ''[[doner kebab]]'' and the Greek ''[[gyro (food)|gyros]]''.<ref>[[Aglaia Kremezi]] and Anissa Helou, "What's in a Dish's Name", "Food and Language", ''Proceedings of the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery'', 2009, ISBN 190301879X</ref>
The [[Arabic language|Arabic]] naming ''shawarma'' or ''shawurma'' comes from the [[Turkish language|Turkish]] word ''çevirme'' {{IPA-tr|tʃeviɾˈme|}} "turning".<ref name=Mansourip307>[http://books.google.ca/books?id=UYdGmhupj5AC&pg=PA307&dq=shawarma+turning&hl=en&ei=Gp7WTpmhGovm8QPTqsSqAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=shawarma%20turning&f=false Terrorism, the Origin and the Sources: An Anthology of Poetry Ambigrams and Political Oratories], p. 307.</ref>
==Preparation==
[[File:Jerusalem shawarma.jpg|right|thumb|Shawarma in [[Jerusalem]]]]
Shawarma is made by alternately stacking
additional flavoring. The meat is roasted slowly on all sides as the spit rotates in front of, or over, a flame for hours (see [[rotisserie]]). Traditionally, a wood fire was used; currently, a gas flame is common. While specialty restaurants might offer two or more meat selections, some establishments have just one skewer.
While cooking, the meat is shaved off the stack with a large knife, an electric knife or a small [[circular saw]], dropping to a circular tray below to be retrieved. Shawarma is eaten as a [[fast food]], made up into a sandwich wrap with [[pita]] bread or rolled up in an Azerbaijani lavash [[flatbread]] together with vegetables and dressing. A variety of vegetables come with the shawarma which include: cucumber, onion, tomato, lettuce, eggplant, [[parsley]], pickled [[turnip]]s, pickled [[gherkin]]s, pickles, rhubarb and cabbage. This will optionally be accompanied by [[French fries]] in some countries, including: [[Jordan]], [[Libya]], [[Syria]], [[State of Palestine|Palestine]], [[Israel]], [[Lebanon]], [[Pakistan]], [[Turkey]], [[Egypt]], [[India]], and [[Saudi Arabia]], also countries in Europe such as [[Belgium]], [[Romania]], [[Italy]], [[Germany]], [[Bulgaria]] and the [[United Kingdom]], and in [[Australia]] and [[Canada]].<ref>[http://www.yalla-yalla.co.uk/ yalla-yalla.co.uk], Beirut street food in London</ref> Other options include thick cut French fries served inside the lavash to help soak up the sauce and juices, keeping them inside the wrap.<ref>[http://www.mrfalafel.net/our-menu/ mrfalafel.net], item descriptions</ref>
Dressings include: [[tahini]] (or tahina), [[Amba (condiment)|amba]] sauce (pickled mango with chili), [[hummus]], or flavored with vinegar and spices such as [[cardamom]], [[cinnamon]], and [[nutmeg]]. Chicken shawarma is served with garlic mayonnaise, [[toumaia]] (garlic sauce), [[pomegranate]] concentrate, or [[skhug]] (a hot [[Chili pepper|chili]] sauce). Once the shawarma is made, it might be dipped in the fat dripping from the skewer and then briefly seared against the flame.
In the Philippines, it is very common to find beef and chicken as options for shawerma. Most shawerma restaurant, use a traditional bread called [[khubz]] which is round in shape; the sandwich usually includes toumaia, green pickles, french fries and may have optional hot sauce. The shawerma has a very rich flavour from the toumaia which marinates the meat.
In India, chicken and mutton are more common, and rumali roti is also used as a wrap, along with [[khubz]] and a long [[baguette]].{{Citation needed|date=May 2014}}
In Israel, Shawarma is mainly made of turkey, although chicken, beef and lamb shawarma can also be found.
==See also==
{{portal|Food}}
* [[Doner kebab]]
* [[Gyro (food)|Gyro]]
* [[Shish taouk]]
* [[List of sandwiches]]
* [[Street food]]
* [[Al pastor|Tacos al Pastor]]
== References ==
{{reflist|2}}
==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline}}
[[Category:Kebabs]]
[[Category:Spit-cooked foods]]
[[Category:Street food]]
[[Category:Sandwiches]]
[[Category:Arab cuisine]]
[[Category:Middle Eastern cuisine]]
[[Category:Israeli cuisine]]
[[Category:Turkish cuisine]]
[[Category:Levantine cuisine]]
[[Category:Middle Eastern grilled meats]]
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