Changes
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
| name = Cizre
| image_skyline = Noah-Mausoleum-Cizre-Turkey-August-2009-7.jpg
| image_caption = Noah's Mausoleum in Cizre
| image_shield =
| pushpin_map = Turkey
| latd = 37 |latm = 19 |lats = 30 |latNS = N
| longd = 42 |longm = 11 |longs = 45 |longEW = E
| coordinates_display = inline,title
| coordinates_format = dms
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[Turkey]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Turkey|Province]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Şırnak Province|Şırnak]]
| subdivision_type2 =
| subdivision_name2 =
| leader_party = [[Peace and Democracy Party|BDP]]
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Leyla İmret
| leader_title1 = [[Kaymakam]]
| leader_name1 = Mehmet Ali Sağlam
| area_footnotes = {{Turkey district areas|SOURCE}}
| area_blank1_title = District
| area_blank1_km2 = {{Turkey district areas|Şırnak|Cizre}}
| elevation_m =
| population_footnotes = {{Turkey district populations|SOURCE|Şırnak}}
| population_urban = {{Turkey district populations|Şırnak|Cizre|şehir}}
| population_as_of = {{Turkey district populations|YEAR}}
| population_blank1_title = District
| population_blank1 = {{Turkey district populations|Şırnak|Cizre|toplam}}
| population_density_blank1_km2 = auto
| postal_code_type = Post code
| postal_code = 73200
| website = {{URL| www.cizre.bel.tr | www.cizre.bel.tr }}
}}
[[Image:Şırnak districts.png|thumb|300px|Districts of Şırnak]]
'''Cizre''' ({{IPA-tr|dʒizˈɾe|pron}}; ''{{lang-ku|Cizîr}}'' or ''{{lang|ku|Cizîra Botan}}'', {{lang-ar|جزيرة ابن عمر}} ''{{transl|ar|Jazīrat Ibn ʿUmar}}'', {{lang-syc|ܓܙܝܪܐ}} ''Gzirā'' or ''Gziro'') is a town and district of [[Şırnak Province]] in the [[Southeastern Anatolia Region]] of [[Turkey]], located at the border to [[Syria]], just to the north-west of the Turkish-Syrian-[[Iraqi people|Iraqi]] [[tripoint]].
It is populated by a majority of [[Kurdish people|Kurds]] in addition to [[Assyrian/Syriac people]] and other minorities. It is surrounded by the [[Tigris]] from the North, East and South, which has given it its name, which means "island" in [[Arabic]] ({{lang|ar|جزيرة}}, ''{{transl|ar|jazīra}}'').
== History ==
Cizre is historical '''Gazarta''' and '''Jazīrat Ibn ʿUmar''' ({{lang-ar|جزيرة ابن عمر}}), an important town during the [[Abbasid]] period and the [[Crusades]] as a gateway connecting [[Upper Mesopotamia]] to [[Armenian Highlands|Armenia]].
During the [[Early Iron Age]], Cizre was in the kingdom of [[Kumme]], north of Assyria.
In classical antiquity, it was located in [[Corduene]] (''Kardu''). In 19th century scholarship, it was often named as the location of [[Alexander the Great|Alexander]]'s crossing of the Tigris in 331 BC, further identified with the Roman stronghold of '''Bethzabde''' ({{lang-syr|ܒܝܬ ܙܒܕܝ}}, ''{{transl|syr|Bēṯ Zaḇdai}}''), although Stein (1942) is sceptical of this.
Bethzabde was part of the [[Roman province]] of [[Mesopotamia (Roman province)|Mesopotamia]]. The chronicler Msiha Zkha speaks of three bishops of Beth Zabdai in the 2nd and 3rd centuries: Merza, Soubha-liso e Sabtha.<ref>G. Levenq, v. ''Béth Zabdai'' in [http://booksnow.scholarsportal.info/ebooks/oca2/4/dictionnairedhis08bauduoft/dictionnairedhis08bauduoft.pdf ''Dictionnaire d'Histoire et de Géographie ecclésiastiques''], vol. VIII, Paris 1935, coll. 1241-1244</ref> In 360 Bishop Theodorus was deported by the Persians, along with the general population, and died as a result of the forced march. Another bishop, Maras, was one of the Fathers of the [[Council of Chalcedon]] in 451 and in 458 was one of the signatories of the letter of the bishops of Mesopotamia to Emperor [[Leo I the Thracian]] after the death of [[Proterius of Alexandria]].<ref>Michel Lequien, [http://books.google.com/books?id=86weAemI-e4C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus''], Paris 1740, Vol. II, coll. 1003-1004</ref><ref>Pius Bonifacius Gams, [http://www.wbc.poznan.pl/dlibra/doccontent?id=65154&dirids=1 ''Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae''], Leipzig 1931, p. 437</ref>
In the late 4th or early 5th century Beth Zabdai or Jezira became a [[Nestorian Christianity|Nestorian]] bishopric, known as [[Nisibis (East Syrian Ecclesiastical Province)|Beth Zabdai]] (later Gazarta d'Beth Zabdai). On entering into communion with [[Holy See|Rome]], it became the eparchy of [[Gazarta (Chaldean Diocese)|Gazarta]] of the [[Chaldean Catholic Church]]. In 639 it became the seat also of the [[Syriac Orthodox Church]] and in 1863 the eparchy [[Gazarta (Chaldean Diocese)|Gazarta]] of the [[Syriac Catholic Church]]. These Christians were severely reduced in the 1915 [[Seyfo massacres]] and the structures were allowed to lapse or were incorporated into other jurisdictions. Bethzabda is today listed by the [[Catholic Church]] as a [[titular see]],<ref>''Annuario Pontificio 2013'' (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1), p. 849</ref> but has not been assigned to any bishop.
In medieval Islamic tradition, Cizre is the location of ''Thamanin'', the town founded by [[Noah]] at the foot of [[Mount Judi]] where [[Noah's Ark]] came to rest, and a "tomb of Noah" as well as a "tomb of [[Mem and Zin]]" can be visited in Cizre. [[Al-Masudi]] (d. 956) reports that the spot where the ark landed could still be seen in his time. [[Benjamin of Tudela]] in the 12th century adds that [[Umar |ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb]] had made the remnants of the ark into a mosque.
In the 19th century, it was the site of a Kurdish rebellion against the [[Ottoman Empire]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Turkey and its Kurds: Dreams of self-rule|url=http://www.economist.com/news/europe/21643200-dance-kurds-seeking-autonomy-government-wanting-support-dreams-self-rule|accessdate=20 February 2015|work=The Economist|date=14 February 2015}}</ref>
== Cizre today ==
Cizre is located on the [[River Tigris]], which forms the border line with [[Syria]] at this area. The state roads {{TUR-D|380}} (via [[Midyat]]) and {{TUR-D|400}} (European route {{Highway E (Europe)|90}}) (via [[Nusaybin]]) that connect [[Mardin]] with [[Şırnak]], as well as the route {{TUR-D|430}} to [[Silopi]] run through the town.
The [[border checkpoint]] in Cizre, the gate to Malikiye in [[Syria]], was in use between 1940-1972.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cizretso.org/default.asp?goster=50&Sayfa=148 |publisher=Cizre Ticaret ve Sanayi Odası |title=Letter to the Minister of Foreign Affairs |date=November 29, 2005 |accessdate=March 15, 2009 |language=Turkish }}</ref>
Cizre, with +48.9 °C (119.5 °F) on July 30, 2000, holds the record for the highest temperature ever recorded in Turkey.
== Government ==
The mayor of Cizre, [[Aydin Budak]], was arrested in December 2009 as part of the KCK investigation.{{what?|date=February 2015}} In October 2011 he was removed from office by the Ministry of the Interior before his trial had concluded.
<ref>{{cite web
|title= Ministry of Interior, the PKK's hidden structure of the city of KCK / TM to begin operations on September 21, was arrested in Sirnak
|publisher=Haber Monitor
|date=2011-10-15
|url= http://www.habermonitor.com/en/haber/trend/pkk
|accessdate=2011-10-23}}</ref>
The current mayor of Cizre is Leyla Imret. As a 27 year-old woman, she is currently the youngest mayor in Turkey.
<ref>{{cite web
|title= Leyla İmret, Cizre'de rekor oyla seçildi
|publisher=Hurriyet
|date=2014-03-31
|url= http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/26124183.asp
|accessdate=2014-03-31}}</ref>
==Population ==
{{Turkey districts' population / Sirnak / Cizre}}
==Riots ==
In October 2014 least 35 people were killed when Riots broke out in the city over Turkey’s response to neighbouring Syria, blocking Kurdish fighters from crossing the border into Syria.<ref>http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2015/01/how-turkey-misread-kurds-201511910421859659.html</ref> It has lost 17 of its citizens who fought with fellow Kurds in Syria during the [[Siege of Kobanî]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Turkey and its Kurds: Dreams of self-rule|url=http://www.economist.com/news/europe/21643200-dance-kurds-seeking-autonomy-government-wanting-support-dreams-self-rule|accessdate=20 February 2015|work=The Economist|date=14 February 2015}}</ref>
==See also==
* [[Tomb of Noah]]
== References ==
{{reflist}}
* [[Jacob Obermeyer|J. Obermeyer]], Die Landschaft Babylonien (1929)
* A. Ben-Jacob, Kehillot Yehudei Kurdistan (1961), 22, 24–25, 30.
* [http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0011_0_10028.html Encyclopaedia Judaica] (2008)
*[[Aurel Stein]], ''Notes on Alexander's Crossing of the Tigris and the Battle of Arbela'', 1942, The Royal Geographical Society.
{{commons category|Noah's Mausoleum, Cizre, Turkey|Noah's Mausoleum}}
{{Districts of Turkey|provname=Şırnak|image=Sirnak|}}
{{Tigris}}
{{Land border crossings of Turkey}}
[[Category:Assyrian settlements]]
[[Category:Syria–Turkey border crossings]]
[[Category:Populated places in Şırnak Province]]
[[Category:Noah's Ark]]
[[Category:Districts of Şırnak Province]]
[[Category:Tomb of Noah]]
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
| name = Cizre
| image_skyline = Noah-Mausoleum-Cizre-Turkey-August-2009-7.jpg
| image_caption = Noah's Mausoleum in Cizre
| image_shield =
| pushpin_map = Turkey
| latd = 37 |latm = 19 |lats = 30 |latNS = N
| longd = 42 |longm = 11 |longs = 45 |longEW = E
| coordinates_display = inline,title
| coordinates_format = dms
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[Turkey]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Turkey|Province]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Şırnak Province|Şırnak]]
| subdivision_type2 =
| subdivision_name2 =
| leader_party = [[Peace and Democracy Party|BDP]]
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Leyla İmret
| leader_title1 = [[Kaymakam]]
| leader_name1 = Mehmet Ali Sağlam
| area_footnotes = {{Turkey district areas|SOURCE}}
| area_blank1_title = District
| area_blank1_km2 = {{Turkey district areas|Şırnak|Cizre}}
| elevation_m =
| population_footnotes = {{Turkey district populations|SOURCE|Şırnak}}
| population_urban = {{Turkey district populations|Şırnak|Cizre|şehir}}
| population_as_of = {{Turkey district populations|YEAR}}
| population_blank1_title = District
| population_blank1 = {{Turkey district populations|Şırnak|Cizre|toplam}}
| population_density_blank1_km2 = auto
| postal_code_type = Post code
| postal_code = 73200
| website = {{URL| www.cizre.bel.tr | www.cizre.bel.tr }}
}}
[[Image:Şırnak districts.png|thumb|300px|Districts of Şırnak]]
'''Cizre''' ({{IPA-tr|dʒizˈɾe|pron}}; ''{{lang-ku|Cizîr}}'' or ''{{lang|ku|Cizîra Botan}}'', {{lang-ar|جزيرة ابن عمر}} ''{{transl|ar|Jazīrat Ibn ʿUmar}}'', {{lang-syc|ܓܙܝܪܐ}} ''Gzirā'' or ''Gziro'') is a town and district of [[Şırnak Province]] in the [[Southeastern Anatolia Region]] of [[Turkey]], located at the border to [[Syria]], just to the north-west of the Turkish-Syrian-[[Iraqi people|Iraqi]] [[tripoint]].
It is populated by a majority of [[Kurdish people|Kurds]] in addition to [[Assyrian/Syriac people]] and other minorities. It is surrounded by the [[Tigris]] from the North, East and South, which has given it its name, which means "island" in [[Arabic]] ({{lang|ar|جزيرة}}, ''{{transl|ar|jazīra}}'').
== History ==
Cizre is historical '''Gazarta''' and '''Jazīrat Ibn ʿUmar''' ({{lang-ar|جزيرة ابن عمر}}), an important town during the [[Abbasid]] period and the [[Crusades]] as a gateway connecting [[Upper Mesopotamia]] to [[Armenian Highlands|Armenia]].
During the [[Early Iron Age]], Cizre was in the kingdom of [[Kumme]], north of Assyria.
In classical antiquity, it was located in [[Corduene]] (''Kardu''). In 19th century scholarship, it was often named as the location of [[Alexander the Great|Alexander]]'s crossing of the Tigris in 331 BC, further identified with the Roman stronghold of '''Bethzabde''' ({{lang-syr|ܒܝܬ ܙܒܕܝ}}, ''{{transl|syr|Bēṯ Zaḇdai}}''), although Stein (1942) is sceptical of this.
Bethzabde was part of the [[Roman province]] of [[Mesopotamia (Roman province)|Mesopotamia]]. The chronicler Msiha Zkha speaks of three bishops of Beth Zabdai in the 2nd and 3rd centuries: Merza, Soubha-liso e Sabtha.<ref>G. Levenq, v. ''Béth Zabdai'' in [http://booksnow.scholarsportal.info/ebooks/oca2/4/dictionnairedhis08bauduoft/dictionnairedhis08bauduoft.pdf ''Dictionnaire d'Histoire et de Géographie ecclésiastiques''], vol. VIII, Paris 1935, coll. 1241-1244</ref> In 360 Bishop Theodorus was deported by the Persians, along with the general population, and died as a result of the forced march. Another bishop, Maras, was one of the Fathers of the [[Council of Chalcedon]] in 451 and in 458 was one of the signatories of the letter of the bishops of Mesopotamia to Emperor [[Leo I the Thracian]] after the death of [[Proterius of Alexandria]].<ref>Michel Lequien, [http://books.google.com/books?id=86weAemI-e4C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus''], Paris 1740, Vol. II, coll. 1003-1004</ref><ref>Pius Bonifacius Gams, [http://www.wbc.poznan.pl/dlibra/doccontent?id=65154&dirids=1 ''Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae''], Leipzig 1931, p. 437</ref>
In the late 4th or early 5th century Beth Zabdai or Jezira became a [[Nestorian Christianity|Nestorian]] bishopric, known as [[Nisibis (East Syrian Ecclesiastical Province)|Beth Zabdai]] (later Gazarta d'Beth Zabdai). On entering into communion with [[Holy See|Rome]], it became the eparchy of [[Gazarta (Chaldean Diocese)|Gazarta]] of the [[Chaldean Catholic Church]]. In 639 it became the seat also of the [[Syriac Orthodox Church]] and in 1863 the eparchy [[Gazarta (Chaldean Diocese)|Gazarta]] of the [[Syriac Catholic Church]]. These Christians were severely reduced in the 1915 [[Seyfo massacres]] and the structures were allowed to lapse or were incorporated into other jurisdictions. Bethzabda is today listed by the [[Catholic Church]] as a [[titular see]],<ref>''Annuario Pontificio 2013'' (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1), p. 849</ref> but has not been assigned to any bishop.
In medieval Islamic tradition, Cizre is the location of ''Thamanin'', the town founded by [[Noah]] at the foot of [[Mount Judi]] where [[Noah's Ark]] came to rest, and a "tomb of Noah" as well as a "tomb of [[Mem and Zin]]" can be visited in Cizre. [[Al-Masudi]] (d. 956) reports that the spot where the ark landed could still be seen in his time. [[Benjamin of Tudela]] in the 12th century adds that [[Umar |ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb]] had made the remnants of the ark into a mosque.
In the 19th century, it was the site of a Kurdish rebellion against the [[Ottoman Empire]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Turkey and its Kurds: Dreams of self-rule|url=http://www.economist.com/news/europe/21643200-dance-kurds-seeking-autonomy-government-wanting-support-dreams-self-rule|accessdate=20 February 2015|work=The Economist|date=14 February 2015}}</ref>
== Cizre today ==
Cizre is located on the [[River Tigris]], which forms the border line with [[Syria]] at this area. The state roads {{TUR-D|380}} (via [[Midyat]]) and {{TUR-D|400}} (European route {{Highway E (Europe)|90}}) (via [[Nusaybin]]) that connect [[Mardin]] with [[Şırnak]], as well as the route {{TUR-D|430}} to [[Silopi]] run through the town.
The [[border checkpoint]] in Cizre, the gate to Malikiye in [[Syria]], was in use between 1940-1972.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cizretso.org/default.asp?goster=50&Sayfa=148 |publisher=Cizre Ticaret ve Sanayi Odası |title=Letter to the Minister of Foreign Affairs |date=November 29, 2005 |accessdate=March 15, 2009 |language=Turkish }}</ref>
Cizre, with +48.9 °C (119.5 °F) on July 30, 2000, holds the record for the highest temperature ever recorded in Turkey.
== Government ==
The mayor of Cizre, [[Aydin Budak]], was arrested in December 2009 as part of the KCK investigation.{{what?|date=February 2015}} In October 2011 he was removed from office by the Ministry of the Interior before his trial had concluded.
<ref>{{cite web
|title= Ministry of Interior, the PKK's hidden structure of the city of KCK / TM to begin operations on September 21, was arrested in Sirnak
|publisher=Haber Monitor
|date=2011-10-15
|url= http://www.habermonitor.com/en/haber/trend/pkk
|accessdate=2011-10-23}}</ref>
The current mayor of Cizre is Leyla Imret. As a 27 year-old woman, she is currently the youngest mayor in Turkey.
<ref>{{cite web
|title= Leyla İmret, Cizre'de rekor oyla seçildi
|publisher=Hurriyet
|date=2014-03-31
|url= http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/26124183.asp
|accessdate=2014-03-31}}</ref>
==Population ==
{{Turkey districts' population / Sirnak / Cizre}}
==Riots ==
In October 2014 least 35 people were killed when Riots broke out in the city over Turkey’s response to neighbouring Syria, blocking Kurdish fighters from crossing the border into Syria.<ref>http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2015/01/how-turkey-misread-kurds-201511910421859659.html</ref> It has lost 17 of its citizens who fought with fellow Kurds in Syria during the [[Siege of Kobanî]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Turkey and its Kurds: Dreams of self-rule|url=http://www.economist.com/news/europe/21643200-dance-kurds-seeking-autonomy-government-wanting-support-dreams-self-rule|accessdate=20 February 2015|work=The Economist|date=14 February 2015}}</ref>
==See also==
* [[Tomb of Noah]]
== References ==
{{reflist}}
* [[Jacob Obermeyer|J. Obermeyer]], Die Landschaft Babylonien (1929)
* A. Ben-Jacob, Kehillot Yehudei Kurdistan (1961), 22, 24–25, 30.
* [http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0011_0_10028.html Encyclopaedia Judaica] (2008)
*[[Aurel Stein]], ''Notes on Alexander's Crossing of the Tigris and the Battle of Arbela'', 1942, The Royal Geographical Society.
{{commons category|Noah's Mausoleum, Cizre, Turkey|Noah's Mausoleum}}
{{Districts of Turkey|provname=Şırnak|image=Sirnak|}}
{{Tigris}}
{{Land border crossings of Turkey}}
[[Category:Assyrian settlements]]
[[Category:Syria–Turkey border crossings]]
[[Category:Populated places in Şırnak Province]]
[[Category:Noah's Ark]]
[[Category:Districts of Şırnak Province]]
[[Category:Tomb of Noah]]
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