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Amel-Marduk

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[[File:Chaldean_King_and_Princess_of_Ur_2015-05-04_04-41.jpg|thumbnail|King of Babylon and his Chaldean Queen]]
 
{{Infobox monarch
| name = Amel-Marduk
| image =
| caption =
| reign = cac. 562 – 560 BC
| coronation =
| predecessor = [[Nebuchadnezzar II]]
| birth_date = ?
| birth_place =
| death_date = cac. 560 BC
| death_place =
| buried =}}
'''Amel-Marduk''' ({{lang-akk|𒈬𒇽[[Akkadian language𒀭]][[Marduk|Akk.𒀫𒌓]]: (|''Amēl-Marduk'<sup>m</sup>Amîl <sup>[[DINGIR|d]]</sup>Maruk') (''Evil-Merodach'') (''Awil, spelled Amēl-Marduk'') (''/Amil-Mardukbut pronounced Awēl-Marduk/Awîl-Marduk}}; {{hebrew Name|אֱוִיל מְרֹדַךְ|'Evīl Mərōdaḵ|'Éwīl Merōḏaḵ}}; {{lang-en|Evil-Merodach}}), 'man of [[Marduk]]'<ref name=sack>Sack, 1992.</ref><ref>Me'moires de la mission archeologique de Susiane, by V. Scheil, Paris 1913, vol XIV</ref> (died c. 560 BC) was the son and successor of [[Nebuchadnezzar II]], king of [[Neo-Babylonian Empire|Babylon]].
== Biography ==
His name, along with the length of his reign, are recorded in the 'Uruk King List' and the [[Canon of Ptolemy]], however no surviving cuneiform document records anything concerning his life or deeds.<ref name=sack /> [[Berossus]] writes that he was murdered in a plot orchestrated by [[Neriglissar|Nergal-sharezer]], his successor and brother-in-law.<ref>[[Josephus]], [[Against Apion|Apion]] 1.20</ref> Berossus also notes that "he governed public affairs after an illegal and impure manner," possibly an allusion to actions that infuriated the priestly class,<ref>Hirsch 1901-1906</ref> including reforms made to the policies of NebuchadrezzarNebuchadnezzar.<ref>Oded 2007</ref>
One such reform is recorded in the [[Hebrew Bible]],<ref>[[2 Kings]] 25:27, [[Jeremiah]] 52:31</ref> where '''Evil-Merodach''' ([[Hebrew language|Heb.]]: אֱוִיל מְרֹדַךְ, ˒ĕwı̂l merōdak) is remembered for releasing the Jewish king [[Jehoiachin]] from prison after thirty seven 37 years in captivity.
Later Jewish and Christian texts expand the Biblical account. [[Josephus]] and the [[Avot of Rabbi Natan]] state that the king believed that Jehoiachin was held by his father without cause, and thus decided to release him upon the latter's death.<ref name=sack /> Originally, Josephus assigned eighteen years to his reign,<ref>Antiquities of the Jews by Flavius Josephus, Book X, chapter 11 pg. 216</ref> but in a later work, Josephus states that Berossus, a third century B.C. Chaldean priest of Bel in Babylon, assigned a reign of only two years.<ref>[[Against Apion]] by Flavius Josephus, Book 1, paragraph 20</ref> [[Seder Olam Rabbah]] assigned twenty -three years to his reign.<ref>''Transactions of the Chronological Institute of London'', T. Richards 18521861, pg volume II, part 2, page 120...see also pg -121</ref> [[Leviticus Rabbah]] 18:2 states that Evil-Merodach was made king while Nebuchadrezzar was still living, and was punished for this act of rebellion by his father, who had him imprisoned.<ref name=sack /> In [[Esther Rabbah]], Evil-Merodach, owing to his father's actions before his death, is heir to a bankrupt treasury.<ref name=sack />
== See also ==
{{s-end}}
{{Authority control|VIAF=46230886}}
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Amel-Marduk
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Babylonian king
| DATE OF BIRTH =
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Amel-Marduk}}
[[Category:560s BC deaths]]
[[Category:6th-century BC murdered monarchs]]
[[Category:6th-century BC rulers]]
[[Category:Babylonian kings]]
[[Category:Monarchs of the Hebrew Bible]]
[[Category:Biblical murder victims]]
[[Category:560 BC deaths]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:6th-century BC rulers]]
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