Difference between revisions of "Amel-Marduk"

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| reign = ca. 562 – 560 BC
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| reign = c. 562 – 560 BC
 
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| predecessor = [[Nebuchadnezzar II]]
 
| predecessor = [[Nebuchadnezzar II]]
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| death_date =  c. 560 BC
 
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'''Amel-Marduk''' ([[Akkadian language|Akk.]]: (''Amēl-Marduk'') (''Evil-Merodach'') (''Awil-Marduk'') (''Amil-Marduk''), 'man of [[Marduk]]'<ref name=sack>Sack, 1992.</ref><ref>Me'moires de la mission archeologique de Susiane, by V. Scheil, Paris 1913, vol XIV</ref> (died 560 BC) was the son and successor of [[Nebuchadnezzar II]], king of [[Neo-Babylonian Empire|Babylon]].
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'''Amel-Marduk''' ({{lang-akk|𒈬𒇽[[𒀭]][[Marduk|𒀫𒌓]]|'''<sup>m</sup>Amîl <sup>[[DINGIR|d]]</sup>Maruk''', spelled Amēl-Marduk/Amil-Marduk but pronounced Awēl-Marduk/Awîl-Marduk}}; {{hebrew Name|אֱוִיל מְרֹדַךְ|'Evīl Mərōdaḵ|'Éwīl Merōḏaḵ}}; {{lang-en|Evil-Merodach}}), 'man of [[Marduk]]'<ref name=sack>Sack, 1992.</ref><ref>Me'moires de la mission archeologique de Susiane, by V. Scheil, Paris 1913, vol XIV</ref> (died c. 560 BC) was the son and successor of [[Nebuchadnezzar II]], king of [[Neo-Babylonian Empire|Babylon]].
  
 
== Biography ==
 
== Biography ==
  
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His name, along with the length of his reign, are recorded in the 'Uruk King List' and the [[Canon of Ptolemy]], however no surviving cuneiform document records anything concerning his life or deeds.<ref name=sack /> [[Berossus]] writes that he was murdered in a plot orchestrated by [[Neriglissar|Nergal-sharezer]], his successor and brother-in-law.<ref>[[Josephus]], [[Against Apion|Apion]] 1.20</ref> Berossus also notes that "he governed public affairs after an illegal and impure manner," possibly an allusion to actions that infuriated the priestly class,<ref>Hirsch 1901-1906</ref> including reforms made to the policies of Nebuchadrezzar.<ref>Oded 2007</ref>
+
His name, along with the length of his reign, are recorded in the 'Uruk King List' and the [[Canon of Ptolemy]], however no surviving cuneiform document records anything concerning his life or deeds.<ref name=sack /> [[Berossus]] writes that he was murdered in a plot orchestrated by [[Neriglissar|Nergal-sharezer]], his successor and brother-in-law.<ref>[[Josephus]], [[Against Apion|Apion]] 1.20</ref> Berossus also notes that "he governed public affairs after an illegal and impure manner," possibly an allusion to actions that infuriated the priestly class,<ref>Hirsch 1901-1906</ref> including reforms made to the policies of Nebuchadnezzar.<ref>Oded 2007</ref>
  
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One such reform is recorded in the [[Hebrew Bible]],<ref>[[2 Kings]] 25:27, [[Jeremiah]] 52:31</ref> where '''Evil-Merodach''' ([[Hebrew language|Heb.]]: אֱוִיל מְרֹדַךְ, ˒ĕwı̂l merōdak) is remembered for releasing the Jewish king [[Jehoiachin]] from prison after thirty seven years in captivity.
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One such reform is recorded in the [[Hebrew Bible]],<ref>[[2 Kings]] 25:27, [[Jeremiah]] 52:31</ref> where ''Evil-Merodach'' ([[Hebrew language|Heb.]]: אֱוִיל מְרֹדַךְ, ˒ĕwı̂l merōdak) is remembered for releasing the Jewish king [[Jehoiachin]] from prison after 37 years in captivity.
  
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Later Jewish and Christian texts expand the Biblical account. [[Josephus]] and the [[Avot of Rabbi Natan]] state that the king believed that Jehoiachin was held by his father without cause, and thus decided to release him upon the latter's death.<ref name=sack /> Originally, Josephus assigned eighteen years to his reign,<ref>Antiquities of the Jews by Flavius Josephus, Book X, chapter 11 pg. 216</ref> but in a later work, Josephus states that Berossus, a third century B.C. Chaldean priest of Bel in Babylon, assigned a reign of only two years.<ref>[[Against Apion]] by Flavius Josephus, Book 1, paragraph 20</ref> [[Seder Olam Rabbah]] assigned twenty three years to his reign.<ref>Transactions of the Chronological Institute of London, T. Richards 1852, pg 120...see also pg 121</ref> [[Leviticus Rabbah]] 18:2 states that Evil-Merodach was made king while Nebuchadrezzar was still living, and was punished for this act of rebellion by his father, who had him imprisoned.<ref name=sack /> In [[Esther Rabbah]], Evil-Merodach, owing to his father's actions before his death, is heir to a bankrupt treasury.<ref name=sack />
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Later Jewish and Christian texts expand the Biblical account. [[Josephus]] and the [[Avot of Rabbi Natan]] state that the king believed that Jehoiachin was held by his father without cause, and thus decided to release him upon the latter's death.<ref name=sack /> Originally, Josephus assigned eighteen years to his reign,<ref>Antiquities of the Jews by Flavius Josephus, Book X, chapter 11 pg. 216</ref> but in a later work, Josephus states that Berossus assigned a reign of two years.<ref>[[Against Apion]] by Flavius Josephus, Book 1, paragraph 20</ref> [[Seder Olam Rabbah]] assigned twenty-three years to his reign.<ref>''Transactions of the Chronological Institute of London'', T. Richards 1861, volume II, part 2, page 120-121</ref> [[Leviticus Rabbah]] 18:2 states that Evil-Merodach was made king while Nebuchadrezzar was still living, and was punished for this act of rebellion by his father, who had him imprisoned.<ref name=sack /> In [[Esther Rabbah]], Evil-Merodach, owing to his father's actions before his death, is heir to a bankrupt treasury.<ref name=sack />
  
 
== See also ==
 
== See also ==
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{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
 
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| NAME              = Amel-Marduk
 
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| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
 
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| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Babylonian king
 
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[[Category:560s BC deaths]]
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[[Category:Babylonian kings]]
 
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[[Category:Monarchs of the Hebrew Bible]]
 
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Latest revision as of 11:29, 18 March 2018

Amel-Marduk
King of Babylon
Reign c. 562 – 560 BC
Predecessor Nebuchadnezzar II
Successor Neriglissar
Born ?
Died c. 560 BC
Father Nebuchadnezzar II

Amel-Marduk (Akkadian: 𒈬𒇽𒀭𒀫𒌓, translit. mAmîl dMaruk, spelled Amēl-Marduk/Amil-Marduk but pronounced Awēl-Marduk/Awîl-Marduk; Template:Hebrew Name; Template:Lang-en), 'man of Marduk'[1][2] (died c. 560 BC) was the son and successor of Nebuchadnezzar II, king of Babylon.

Biography

His name, along with the length of his reign, are recorded in the 'Uruk King List' and the Canon of Ptolemy, however no surviving cuneiform document records anything concerning his life or deeds.[1] Berossus writes that he was murdered in a plot orchestrated by Nergal-sharezer, his successor and brother-in-law.[3] Berossus also notes that "he governed public affairs after an illegal and impure manner," possibly an allusion to actions that infuriated the priestly class,[4] including reforms made to the policies of Nebuchadnezzar.[5]

One such reform is recorded in the Hebrew Bible,[6] where Evil-Merodach (Heb.: אֱוִיל מְרֹדַךְ, ˒ĕwı̂l merōdak) is remembered for releasing the Jewish king Jehoiachin from prison after 37 years in captivity.

Later Jewish and Christian texts expand the Biblical account. Josephus and the Avot of Rabbi Natan state that the king believed that Jehoiachin was held by his father without cause, and thus decided to release him upon the latter's death.[1] Originally, Josephus assigned eighteen years to his reign,[7] but in a later work, Josephus states that Berossus assigned a reign of two years.[8] Seder Olam Rabbah assigned twenty-three years to his reign.[9] Leviticus Rabbah 18:2 states that Evil-Merodach was made king while Nebuchadrezzar was still living, and was punished for this act of rebellion by his father, who had him imprisoned.[1] In Esther Rabbah, Evil-Merodach, owing to his father's actions before his death, is heir to a bankrupt treasury.[1]

See also

Notes

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References

  • Hirsch, E.G. et al. Evil-Merodach in Singer, Isidore; Adler, Cyrus; (eds.) et al. (1901–1906) The Jewish Encyclopedia. Funk and Wagnalls, New York. LCCN 16-014703
  • Oded, B. Evil-Merodach in Skolnik, F., & Berenbaum, M. (2007). Encyclopaedia Judaica, vol. 6, Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA in association with the Keter Pub. House.
  • Sack, R.H. Evil-Merodach in Freedman, et al. (1992). Anchor Bible Dictionary, vol. 2, New York: Doubleday.

External links

Preceded by
Nebuchadnezzar 		King of Babylon
562–560 BC 		Succeeded by
Neriglissar
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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Sack, 1992.
  2. ↑ Me'moires de la mission archeologique de Susiane, by V. Scheil, Paris 1913, vol XIV
  3. ↑ Josephus, Apion 1.20
  4. ↑ Hirsch 1901-1906
  5. ↑ Oded 2007
  6. ↑ 2 Kings 25:27, Jeremiah 52:31
  7. ↑ Antiquities of the Jews by Flavius Josephus, Book X, chapter 11 pg. 216
  8. ↑ Against Apion by Flavius Josephus, Book 1, paragraph 20
  9. ↑ Transactions of the Chronological Institute of London, T. Richards 1861, volume II, part 2, page 120-121
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