Changes
/* Dynasty IX of Babylon */
The following is a '''list of the kings of [[Babylonia]]''' (ancient [[Sumer|southern]]-[[Akkadian Empire|central]] [[Iraq]]), compiled from the traditional [[Babylonia]]n king lists and modern archaeological findings.
==The Babylonian King List==
The Babylonian King List is not merely a list of kings of Babylon, but is a very specific ancient list of supposed Babylonian kings recorded in several ancient locations, and related to its predecessor, the [[Sumerian King List]]. As in the latter, contemporaneous dynasties are listed chronologically without comment.
There are three versions, which are known as "King List A"<ref>BM 33332.</ref> (containing all the kings from the [[First Dynasty of Babylon]] to the [[Neo-Assyria]]n king [[Kandalanu]]), "King List B"<ref>BM 38122.</ref> (containing only the two first dynasties), and "King List C"<ref>The text is in a private collection and was published in: {{cite journal | title = Second Dynasty of Isin According to a New King-List Tablet | author = Arno Poebel | journal = Assyriological studies | issue = 15 | publisher = University of Chicago Press | year = 1955 }}</ref> (containing the first seven kings of the Second Dynasty of Isin). A fourth version was written in [[Ancient Greek language|Greek]] by [[Berossus]]. The "Babylonian King List of the Hellenistic Age" is a continuation that mentions all the [[Seleucid]] kings from [[Alexander the Great]] to [[Demetrius II Nicator]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Meissner
|first=Bruno |title=Reallexikon der Assyriologie |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |location=Berlin |year=1990 |volume=6 |page=90 |isbn=3-11-010051-7 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=OIeiZaIo91IC&printsec=frontcover&cad=0#PPA90,M1}}</ref>
==Middle [[Bronze Age]]==
===Early [[Amorite]] city-states===
====Kings of [[Larsa]]====
[[Image:Kings Larsa Louvre AO7025.jpg|thumb|upright|List of the kings of Larsa (39th year of the reign of [[Hammurabi]])]]
[[Image:Milkau Oberer Teil der Stele mit dem Text von Hammurapis Gesetzescode 369-2.jpg|thumb|upright|King [[Hammurabi|Hammurabi of Babylon]] (right) (r. 1728–1686 BC) on his [[Code of Hammurabi|law code stele]]]]
{{Further|Larsa}}
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|- bgcolor="#F6E6AE"
! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
|-
| [[Naplanum]] || ca. 1961–1940 BC || Contemporary of [[Ibbi-Suen]] of [[Ur III]]
|-
| [[Emisum]] || ca. 1940–1912 BC ||
|-
| [[Samium]] || ca. 1912–1877 BC ||
|-
| [[Zabaia]] || ca. 1877–1868 BC || Son of Samium, First royal inscription
|-
| [[Gungunum]] || ca. 1868–1841 BC || [[Gutian people|Gutian]] king who Gained independence from [[Lipit-Eshtar]] of [[Isin]]
|-
| [[Abisare]] || ca. 1841–1830 BC ||
|-
| [[Sumuel]] || ca. 1830–1801 BC ||
|-
| [[Nur-Adad]] || ca. 1801–1785 BC || Contemporary of [[Sumu-la-El]] of Babylon
|-
| [[Sin-Iddinam]] || ca. 1785–1778 BC || Son of Nur-Adad
|-
| [[Sin-Eribam]] || ca. 1778–1776 BC ||
|-
| [[Sin-Iqisham]] || ca. 1776–1771 BC || Contemporary of [[Zambiya]] of [[Isin]], Son of Sin-Eribam
|-
| [[Silli-Adad]] || ca. 1771–1770 BC ||
|-
| [[Warad-Sin]] || ca. 1770–1758 BC || Possible co-regency with [[Kudur-Mabuk]] his father
|-
| [[Rim-Sin I]] || ca. 1758–1699 BC || Contemporary of [[Irdanene]] of [[Uruk]], Defeated by [[Hammurabi]] of Babylon, Brother of Warad-Sin
|-
| [[Hammurabi]] of Babylon || ca. 1699–1686 BC || Official Babylonian rule, code of Hammurabi
|-
| [[Samsu-iluna]] of Babylon || ca. 1686–1678 BC || Official Babylonian rule
|-
| [[Rim-Sin II]] || ca. 1678–1674 BC || Killed in revolt against Babylon
|}
==[[Babylonian Empire]] (Middle [[Bronze Age]])==
===[[First Dynasty of Babylon]], ([[Amorite]] Dynasty)===
[[Image:Hammurabi's Babylonia 1.svg|thumb|upright|[[First Dynasty of Babylon]] (ca. (1830–1531 BC)]]
{{Further|First Dynasty of Babylon}}
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|- bgcolor="#F6E6AE"
! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
|-
| [[Sumu-abum]] or [[Su-abu]] ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| ca. 1830–1817 BC || [[Amorite]] chieftain, founder of independent Babylonian State, Contemporary of [[Erishum I]] of [[Assyria]]
|-
| [[Sumu-la-El]] || ca. 1817–1781 BC || Contemporary of [[Ikunum]] of [[Assyria]]
|-
| [[Sabium]] or [[Sabum]] || ca. 1781–1767 BC || Son of Sumu-la-El
|-
| [[Apil-Sin]] || ca. 1767–1749 BC || Son of Sabium
|-
| [[Sin-muballit]] || ca. 1748–1729 BC || Son of Apil-Sin
|-
| [[Hammurabi]] || ca. 1728–1686 BC || Founded Babylonian Empire. Contemporary of [[Zimri-Lim]] of [[Mari, Syria|Mari]], [[Siwe-palar-huppak]] of [[Elam]] and [[Shamshi-Adad I]] of [[Assyria]]
|-
| [[Samsu-iluna]] || ca. 1686–1648 BC || Son of Hammurabi
|-
| [[Abi-eshuh]] or [[Abieshu]] || ca. 1648–1620 BC || Son of Samsu-iluna
|-
| [[Ammi-ditana]] || ca. 1620–1583 BC || Son of Abi-eshuh
|-
| [[Ammi-saduqa]] or [[Ammisaduqa]] || ca. 1582–1562 BC || [[Venus tablet of Ammisaduqa]]
|-
| [[Samsu-Ditana]] || ca. 1562–1531 BC || Deposed by [[Hitite]] king [[Mursili I|Mursilis]] in the Sack of Babylon. Last [[Amorite]] ruler.
|}
===Sealand Dynasty (Dynasty II of Babylon)===
{{Further|Sealand Dynasty}}
''These rulers may ''not'' have ruled Babylonia itself for more than the briefest of periods, but rather the formerly [[Sumer]]ian regions south of it. Nevertheless, it is often traditionally numbered the Second Dynasty of Babylon, and so is listed here.''
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|- bgcolor="#F6E6AE"
! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
|-
| [[Ilum-ma-ili]] || fl. ca. 1732 BC || Contemporary of [[Samsu-iluna]] and [[Abi-Eshuh|Abi-ešuh]]
|-
| [[Itti-ili-nibi]] || ||
|-
| [[Damqi-ilishu]] || || His city walls for [[Der (Sumer)|Der]] demolished by [[Ammi-Ditana]]
|-
| [[Ishkibal]] || ||
|-
| [[Shushushi]] || ||
|-
| [[Gulkishar]] || ||
|-
| [[Sealand Dynasty|<sup>m</sup>DIŠ+U-EN]] || || Contemporary of [[Iptar-Sin|LIK.KUD-Šamaš]] (Assyria)
|-
| [[Peshgaldaramesh]] || ||
|-
| [[Ayadaragalama]] || || May have ruled briefly over [[Babylon]]
|-
| [[Akurduana]] || ||
|-
| [[Melamkurkurra]] || ||
|-
| [[Ea-gamil]] || fl. ca. 1460 BC || Overthrown by [[Kassites|Kassite]] [[Ulamburiash|Ulam Buriaš]]
|}
===Early [[Kassites|Kassite]] Monarchs===
{{Further|Early Kassite rulers}}
''This dynasty also did not actually rule Babylon, but their [[numbering scheme]] was continued by later Kassite Kings of Babylon, and so they are listed here.''
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|- bgcolor="#F6E6AE"
! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
|-
| [[Gandash|Gandaš]] || fl. ca. 1730 BC ||
|-
| [[Agum I]] || || Known as ''Maḫrû'', "the first," or ''rabi'', "the great."
|-
| [[Kashtiliashu I|Kaštiliašu I]] || || Son of Agum I *according to the [[Agum II#Agum-Kakrime Inscription|Agum-Kakrime Inscription]]
|-
| [[Abi-Rattash|Abi-Rattaš]] || || Son of Kaštiliašu I *; may occupy fifth place, then ''Ušši'' or ''Uššiašu'' may come here
|-
| [[Kashtiliashu II|Kaštiliašu II]] || ||
|-
| [[Ur-zigurumash|Ur-zigurumaš]] || || ''Descendant'' of Abi-Rattaš *; alternative reading ''Tazzigurumaš''
|-
| [[Hurbazum|Ḫurbazum]] || || Tell Muḥammed level 3, alternatively ''Ḫarba-Šipak/Šihu''
|-
| [[Shipta'ulzi|Šipta’ulzi]] || || Tell Muḥammed level 2, alternatively ''Tiptakzi''
|}
==Late [[Bronze Age]]==
===Kassite Dynasty (Third Dynasty of Babylon)===
[[Image:Kassite Babylonia EN.svg|thumb|right|180px|[[Kassites|Kassite]] Dynasty (ca. 1507–1155 BC)]]
[[File:Kudurru Melishipak Louvre Sb23 n02.jpg|thumb|right|180px|King [[Meli-Shipak II]] (centre) (ca. 1186–1172 BC)]]
{{Further|Kassites}}
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|- bgcolor="#F6E6AE"
! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
|-
| [[Agum II]] or [[Agum-Kakrime]] || ca. 1507 BC ||
|-
| [[Burnaburiash I]] || || Treaty with [[Puzur-Ashur III]] of [[Assyria]]
|-
| [[Kashtiliash III]] || ||
|-
| [[Ulamburiash]] || || Conquers the first [[List of Kings of Babylon#Sealand Dynasty .28Dynasty II of Babylon.29|Sealand]] dynasty
|-
| [[Agum III]] || ||
|-
| [[Karaindash]] || || Contemporary of [[Amenophis III]] of [[Ancient Egypt|Egypt]]
|-
| [[Kadashman-harbe I]] || ||
|-
| [[Kurigalzu I]] || ||
|-
| [[Kadashman-Enlil I]] ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| ca. 1374–1360 BC || Contemporary of [[Amenophis III]] of the [[Ancient Egypt|Egyptian]] [[Amarna letters]]
|-
| [[Burnaburiash II]] || ca. 1359–1333 BC || Contemporary of [[Akhenaten]] and [[Ashur-uballit I]]
|-
| [[Kara-hardash]] || ca. 1333 BC || Grandson of [[Ashur-uballit I]] of [[Assyria]]
|-
| [[Nazi-Bugash]] or [[Shuzigash]] || ca. 1333 BC || Deposed by [[Ashur-uballit I]] of [[Assyria]]
|-
| [[Kurigalzu II]] || ca. 1332–1308 BC || Son of Burnaburiash II, Fought [[Battle of Sugagi]] with [[Enlil-nirari]] of [[Assyria]]
|-
| [[Nazi-Maruttash]] || ca. 1307–1282 BC || Contemporary of [[Adad-nirari I]] of [[Assyria]]
|-
| [[Kadashman-Turgu]] || ca. 1281–1264 BC || Contemporary of [[Hattusili III]] of the [[Hittites]]
|-
| [[Kadashman-Enlil II]] || ca. 1263–1255 BC || Contemporary of [[Hattusili III]] of the [[Hittites]]
|-
| [[Kudur-Enlil]] || ca. 1254–1246 BC ||
|-
| [[Shagarakti-Shuriash]] || ca. 1245–1233 BC || Son of Kudur-Enlil
|-
| [[Kashtiliashu IV]] || ca. 1232–1225 BC || Deposed by [[Tukulti-Ninurta I]] of [[Assyria]]
|-
| [[Enlil-nadin-shumi]] || ca. 1224 BC || [[Assyria]] installed governor under [[Tukulti-Ninurta I]]
|-
| [[Kadashman-Harbe II]] || ca. 1223 BC || [[Assyria]] installed governor under [[Tukulti-Ninurta I]]
|-
| [[Adad-shuma-iddina]] || ca. 1222–1217 BC || [[Assyria]] installed governor under [[Tukulti-Ninurta I]]
|-
| [[Adad-shuma-usur]] || ca. 1216–1187 BC || Contemporary of [[Ashur-nirari III]] of [[Assyria]]
|-
| [[Meli-Shipak II]] || ca. 1186–1172 BC ||
|-
| [[Marduk-apla-iddina I]] || ca. 1171–1159 BC ||
|-
| [[Zababa-shuma-iddin]] || ca. 1158 BC ||
|-
| [[Enlil-nadin-ahi]] || ca. 1157–1155 BC|| Deposed by [[Shutruk-Nahhunte]] of [[Elam]], ending the [[Kassite]] Dynasty
|}
==[[Iron Age]]==
===Dynasty IV of Babylon, from [[Isin]]===
The name of the dynasty, ''BALA PA.ŠE'', is a paronomasia on the term ''išinnu'', “stalk,” written as ''PA.ŠE'' and is the only apparent reference to the actual city of [[Isin]].<ref>{{cite book | title = Reallexikon Der Assyriologie Und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie: Ia – Kizzuwatna | author = J. A. Brinkman | volume = 5 | editor = Dietz Otto Edzard | publisher = Walter De Gruyter | year = 1999 | pages = 183–184 }}</ref> It is therefore also known as the '''Second Dynasty of Isin''' or '''Isin II'''.
[[Image:Amran Kudurru 01.jpg|right|thumb|170px|King [[Marduk-nadin-ahhe]] (r. 1100–1082 BC)]]
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|- bgcolor="#F6E6AE"
! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
|-
| [[Marduk-kabit-ahheshu]] || ca. 1155–1140 BC || Founded first native Mesopotamian Dynasty in Babylon
|-
| [[Itti-Marduk-balatu (king)|Itti-Marduk-balatu]] || ca. 1140–1132 BC ||
|-
| [[Ninurta-nadin-shumi]] || ca. 1132–1126 BC ||
|-
| [[Nebuchadnezzar I|Nabu-kudurri-usur]] ([[Nebuchadnezzar I]]) || ca. 1126–1103 BC || Contemporary and rival of [[Ashur-resh-ishi I]] of [[Assyria]]
|-
| [[Enlil-nadin-apli]] || ca. 1103–1100 BC || Fought with [[Tiglath-Pileser I]] of Assyria
|-
| [[Marduk-nadin-ahhe]] || ca. 1100–1082 BC || Fought with [[Tiglath-Pileser I]] of Assyria
|-
| [[Marduk-shapik-zeri]] || ca. 1082–1069 BC || Entente cordial with [[Ashur-bel-kala|Aššur-bêl-kala]] of Assyria
|-
| [[Adad-apla-iddina]] || ca. 1069–1046 BC || Married daughter to [[Ashur-bel-kala|Aššur-bêl-kala]] of Assyria
|-
| [[Marduk-ahhe-eriba]] || ca. 1046 BC ||
|-
| [[Marduk-zer-X]] || ca. 1046–1033 BC ||
|-
| [[Nabu-shum-libur]] || ca. 1033–1025 BC || Dynasty ends with incursions of the [[Arameans]]
|}
===Dynasty V of Babylon===
Known as the 2nd Sealand Dynasty, the evidence that this was a [[Kassite]] Dynasty is rather tenuous.<ref>{{cite book | title = Reallexikon Der Assyriologie Und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie: Meek - Mythologie | author = Bruno Meissner | editor = Dietz Otto Edzard | publisher = Walter De Gruyter | year = 1999 | page = 8 }} “The Kassite name of Simbar-Šipak, the Kassite derived theothoric element (<sup>d</sup>Kaššû = “the Kassite (god)”) in the name of the third king, and the tribal affiliation of the second monarch could suggest that this dynasty represented a revival of Kassite power following the native Babylonian rulers of the Second Dynasty of Isin; but the evidence at present must be regarded as tenuous.”</ref>
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|- bgcolor="#F6E6AE",
! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
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| [[Simbar-shipak]] || ca. 1025–1008 BC || Deposed native dynasty, assassinated by his successor
|-
| [[Ea-mukin-zeri]] || ca. 1008 BC || Usurper
|-
| [[Kashshu-nadin-ahi]] || ca. 1008–1004 BC || Distressed times and famine
|}
===Dynasty VI of Babylon===
Known as the Bīt-Bazi Dynasty after the region from where this minor [[Kassites|Kassite]] clan drew its ancestry.<ref>{{cite book | title = The Cambridge Ancient History (Volume 3, Part 1) | chapter = Babylonia, c. 1000 – 748 B.C. | author = J. A. Brinkman | editor = John Boardman, I. E. S. Edwards, N. G. L. Hammond, E. Sollberger | publisher = Cambridge University Press | year = 1982 | pages = 296–297 }}</ref>
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|- bgcolor="#F6E6AE"
! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
|-
| [[Eulmash-shakin-shumi]] || ca. 1004 – 987 BC || Founded Bīt-Bazi dynasty
|-
| [[Ninurta-kudurri-usur I]] || ca. 987 – 985 BC ||
|-
| [[Shirikti-shuqamuna]] || ca. 985 BC ||
|}
===Dynasty VII of Babylon===
This was an [[Elamite]] Dynasty.
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|- bgcolor="#F6E6AE"
! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
|-
| [[Mar-biti-apla-usur]] || ca. 985 – 979 BC || [[Elamite]] king who deposed the [[Arameans]]
|}
===Dynasty VIII of Babylon===
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|- bgcolor="#F6E6AE"
! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
|-
| [[Nabu-mukin-apli]] || ca. 979 – 943 BC || Native [[Babylonia]]n dynasty
|}
===Dynasty IX of Babylon===
[[Image:Nabu-apla-iddina confirming a grant of land.jpg|right|thumb|170px|King [[Nabu-apla-iddina]] (right) (r. 888–855 BC)]]
{| class="nowraplinks" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" width="600px" rules="all" style="background:#fbfbfb; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; font-size:90%; empty-cells:show; border-collapse:collapse"
|- bgcolor="#F6E6AE"
! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
|-
| [[Ninurta-kudurri-usur II]] || ca. 943 BC || Succeeded his father Nabu-mukin-apli
|-
| [[Mar-biti-ahhe-iddina]] || ca. 943 – 920 BC || Contemporary of [[Ashur-Dan II]] of Assyria
|-
| [[Shamash-mudammiq]] || ca. 920 – 900 BC || Lost territory to [[Adad-nirari II]] of Assyria
|-
| [[Nabu-shuma-ukin I]] || ca. 900 – 888 BC || Gained territory from [[Adad-nirari II]] of Assyria
|-
| [[Nabu-apla-iddina]] || ca. 888 – 855 BC ||
|-
| [[Marduk-zakir-shumi I]] || ca. 855 – 819 BC || Subjugated by [[Shalmaneser III]] of Assyria
|-
| [[Marduk-balassu-iqbi]] || ca. 819 – 813 BC || Subjugated by [[Shalmaneser III]] of Assyria
|-
| [[Baba-aha-iddina]] || ca. 813 – 811 BC || Subjugated by [[Adad-nirari III]] of Assyria
|-
| 5 kings || ca. 811 – 800 BC || Subjugated by [[Adad-nirari III]] of Assyria
|-
| [[Ninurta-apla-X]] || ca. 800 – 790 BC || Briefly Freed Babylonia from Assyrian influence
|-
| [[Marduk-bel-zeri]] || ca. 790 – 780 BC ||
|-
| [[Marduk-apla-usur]] || ca. 780 – 769 BC || [[Chaldean]] usurper, subjected by Assyria
|-
| [[Eriba-Marduk]] || ca. 769 – 761 BC || [[Chaldean]] usurper, subjected by Assyria
|-
| [[Nabu-shuma-ishkun]] || ca. 761 – 748 BC || [[Chaldean]] usurper, subjected by Assyria
|-
| colspan="3" |
''From this point on, the Babylonian chronology is securely known via [[Claudius Ptolemy|Ptolemy's]] [[Canon of Kings]] and other sources.''
|-
| [[Nabu-nasir]] ([[Nabonassar]]) || 748 – 734 BC || Overthrew Chaldeans, restored native Babylonian rule,Subjugated by [[Tiglath-Pileser III]] of Assyria
|-
| [[Nabu-nadin-zeri]] || 734 – 732 BC ||
|-
| [[Nabu-suma-ukin II]] || 732 BC ||
|}
===Dynasty X of Babylon (Assyrian)===
[[Image:Marduk-apla-iddina II.jpg|right|thumb|170px|King [[Marduk-apla-iddina II]] (left) (r. 722–710 BC)]]
{{Further|Neo-Assyrian Empire}}
{| class="nowraplinks" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" width="600px" rules="all" style="background:#fbfbfb; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; font-size:90%; empty-cells:show; border-collapse:collapse"
|- bgcolor="#F6E6AE"
! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
|-
| [[Nabu-mukin-zeri]] || 732 – 729 BC ||
|-
| [[Tiglath-Pileser III]] || 729 – 727 BC || [[Assyria]]n king
|-
| [[Shalmaneser V]] || 727 – 722 BC || Assyrian king
|-
| [[Marduk-apla-iddina II]] || 722 – 710 BC || A [[Chaldea]]n king, (the [[Bible|Biblical]] Merodach-Baladan)
|-
| [[Sharrukin II]] ([[Sargon II]]) || 710 – 705 BC || Assyrian king
|-
| [[Sin-ahhe-eriba]] ([[Sennacherib]]) || 705 – 703 BC || Assyrian king
|-
| [[Marduk-zakir-shumi II]] || 703 BC || Assyrian vassal
|-
| [[Marduk-apla-iddina II]] || 703 BC || [[Chaldea]]n ruler retook Babylon from Assyria during uprising
|-
| [[Bel-ibni]] || 703 – 700 BC || Assyrian vassal
|-
| [[Ashur-nadin-shumi]] || 700 – 694 BC || Assyrian king, son of [[Sennacherib]]
|-
| [[Nergal-ushezib]] || 694 – 693 BC || [[Elamite]] ruler, murdered [[Ashur-nadin-shumi]]
|-
| [[Mushezib-Marduk]] || 693 – 689 BC || [[Elamite]] ruler
|-
| colspan="3" |
''Assyrian Sack of Babylon by [[Sennacherib]] , 689 BC; Babylon is rebuilt by [[Esarhaddon]] of Assyria in the 670s BC''
|-
| [[Sin-ahhe-eriba]] ([[Sennacherib]]) || 689 – 681 BC || Assyrian king, destroyed Babylon
|-
| [[Ashur-ahha-iddina]] ([[Esarhaddon]]) || 681 – 669 BC || Assyrian king, rebuilt Babylon
|-
| [[Shamash-shum-ukin]] || 668 – 648 BC || Assyrian king, son of [[Esarhaddon]], rebelled against his brother, [[Ashurbanipal]] and was killed.
|-
| [[Kandalanu]] || 648 – 627 BC || Assyrian governor under [[Ashurbanipal]], rumoured to have been Ashurbanipal himself, also governor under [[Ashur-etil-ilani]] of Assyria between 631 BC and 627 BC
|-
| [[Sin-shumu-lishir]] || 626 BC || Assyrian king, Ruled Babylon, but lost control over regions in Babylonia.
|-
| [[Sinsharishkun]] || ca. 626 – 620 BC || Assyrian king. Lost control over Babylonia in 620 BC.
|}
===Dynasty XI of Babylon (Neo-Babylonian or [[Chaldea]]n Dynasty)===
{{Further|Neo-Babylonian Empire}}
[[Image:Nebukadnessar II.jpg|right|thumb|170px|King [[Nebuchadnezzar II|Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon]] (r. 605–562 BC)]]
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|- bgcolor="#F6E6AE"
! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
|-
| [[Nabu-apla-usur]] ([[Nabopolassar]]) || 626 – 605 BC || [[Chaldea]]n king. Took control of Babylonia from [[Sinsharishkun]] of Assyria, ejected Assyrian armies from Babylonia in 616 BC. Entered into alliance with [[Cyaxares]] and destroyed Assyrian empire.
|-
| [[Nabu-kudurri-usur]] ([[Nebuchadnezzar II]]) || 604 – 562 BC || [[Chaldea]]n king. Defeated the [[Egyptians]] and Assyrians at [[Carchemish]]. Is associated with [[Daniel (biblical figure)|Daniel]] in the Bible.
|-
| [[Amel-Marduk]] (Evil-Merodach) || 562 – 560 BC || Released Jehoiachin after 37 years in captivity.
|-
| [[Neriglissar|Nergal-shar-usur]] (Nergal-sharezer/Neriglissar) || 560 – 556 BC ||
|-
| [[Labashi-Marduk]] || 556 BC ||
|-
| [[Nabu-na'id]] ([[Nabonidus]]) || 556 – 539 BC || Last Mesopotamian king of Babylon, originated in [[Harran]] in Assyria. Was not a Chaldean, often left rule to his son [[Belshazzar]].
|-
| [[Cyrus II of Persia]] || 539 – 529 BC || Commonly known as "Cyrus the Great" or "Cyrus the Elder", founder of the Achaemenid Empire, see below
|}
==Achaemenid Babylonia==
{{Further|Persian Mesopotamia|Achaemenid Empire}}
In 539 BC, Babylon was captured by [[Cyrus the Great]]. His son was later crowned formally as King of Babylonia. This list uses the Greek names of the achaemenid Persian kings.
{| class="nowraplinks" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" width="600px" rules="all" style="background:#fbfbfb; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; font-size:90%; empty-cells:show; border-collapse:collapse"
|- bgcolor="#F6E6AE"
! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
|-
| [[Cambyses II]] || 529 – 522 BC || son of Cyrus the Great
|-
| [[Smerdis]] || 522 BC || son of Cyrus the Great (possible an usurper named Gaumata)<br>Reigned only for seven months
|-
| [[Darius I of Persia|Darius I the Great]] || 521 – 486 BC || son-in-law of Cyrus the Great and son of [[Hystaspes (father of Darius I)|Hystaspes]]
|-
| [[Xerxes I of Persia|Xerxes I the Great]] || 485 – 465 BC || son of Darius the Great and grandson of Cyrus the Great.<br>Maybe the [[Ahasuerus]] mentioned in the [[Book of Esther]].
|-
| [[Artaxerxes I of Persia|Artaxerxes I Longimanus]] || 465 – 424 BC || son of Xerxes the Great.<br>Mentioned in the [[book of Ezra]] and the [[book of Nehemiah]].
|-
| [[Xerxes II of Persia|Xerxes II]] || 424 BC || son of Artaxerxes Longimanus, reigned only for forty-five days.
|-
| [[Sogdianus of Persia|Sogdianus]] || 424 – 423 BC || illegitimate half-brother and rival of Xerxes II
|-
| [[Darius II of Persia|Darius II Nothus]] || 423 – 405 BC || illegitimate half-brother and rival of Xerxes II
|-
| [[Artaxerxes II of Persia|Artaxerxes II Mnemon]] || 404 – 359 BC || son of Darius Nothus, mentioned by [[Xenophon]]
|-
| [[Artaxerxes III of Persia|Artaxerxes III Ochus]] || 358 – 338 BC || son of Artaxerxes Mnenon
|-
| [[Arses of Persia|Artaxerxes IV Arses]] || 338 – 336 BC || son of Artaxerxes Ochus
|-
| [[Darius III of Persia|Darius III Codomannus]] || 336 – 330 BC || great-grandson of Darius Nothus
|}
==Seleucid Babylonia==
{{Further|Seleucid Empire}}
Babylon was captured by [[Alexander the Great]] in 330 BC. It was captured by the Parthians in 141 BC.
{| class="nowraplinks" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" width="600px" rules="all" style="background:#fbfbfb; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; font-size:90%; empty-cells:show; border-collapse:collapse"
|- bgcolor="#F6E6AE"
! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
|-
| [[Alexander the Great|Alexander III the Great]] || 330 – 323 BC ||
|-
| [[Alexander IV of Macedon|Alexander IV]] || 323 – 309 BC ||
|-
| [[Seleucus I Nicator]] || [[Satrap]] 311 – 305 BC, King 305 – 281 BC ||
|-
| [[Antiochus I Soter]] || co-ruler from 291, ruled 281 – 261 BC ||
|-
| [[Antiochus II Theos]] || 261 – 246 BC ||
|-
| [[Seleucus II Callinicus]] || 246 – 225 BC ||
|-
| [[Seleucus III Ceraunus]] (or Soter) || 225 – 223 BC ||
|-
| [[Antiochus III the Great]] || 223 – 187 BC ||
|-
| [[Seleucus IV Philopator]] || 187 – 175 BC ||
|-
| [[Antiochus IV Epiphanes]] || 175 – 164 BC ||
|-
| [[Antiochus V Eupator]] || 164 – 162 BC ||
|-
| [[Demetrius I Soter]] || 161 – 150 BC ||
|-
| [[Alexander Balas|Alexander III Balas]] || 150 – 145 BC ||
|-
| [[Demetrius II Nicator]] || first reign, 145 – 141 BC ||
|-
| [[Antiochus VI Dionysus]] || jointly with Demetrius II, 145 – 142 BC ||
|-
|}
==See also==
{{Portal|Ancient Near East}}
*[[List of Assyrian kings]]
*[[List of Mesopotamian dynasties]]
*[[Sumerian King List]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Babylonian kings}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Kings Of Babylon}}
[[Category:Babylonian kings| ]]
[[Category:Babylonia]]
[[Category:Lists of monarchs|Babylon]]
[[Category:Iraq-related lists|Kings of Babylon]]
==The Babylonian King List==
The Babylonian King List is not merely a list of kings of Babylon, but is a very specific ancient list of supposed Babylonian kings recorded in several ancient locations, and related to its predecessor, the [[Sumerian King List]]. As in the latter, contemporaneous dynasties are listed chronologically without comment.
There are three versions, which are known as "King List A"<ref>BM 33332.</ref> (containing all the kings from the [[First Dynasty of Babylon]] to the [[Neo-Assyria]]n king [[Kandalanu]]), "King List B"<ref>BM 38122.</ref> (containing only the two first dynasties), and "King List C"<ref>The text is in a private collection and was published in: {{cite journal | title = Second Dynasty of Isin According to a New King-List Tablet | author = Arno Poebel | journal = Assyriological studies | issue = 15 | publisher = University of Chicago Press | year = 1955 }}</ref> (containing the first seven kings of the Second Dynasty of Isin). A fourth version was written in [[Ancient Greek language|Greek]] by [[Berossus]]. The "Babylonian King List of the Hellenistic Age" is a continuation that mentions all the [[Seleucid]] kings from [[Alexander the Great]] to [[Demetrius II Nicator]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Meissner
|first=Bruno |title=Reallexikon der Assyriologie |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |location=Berlin |year=1990 |volume=6 |page=90 |isbn=3-11-010051-7 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=OIeiZaIo91IC&printsec=frontcover&cad=0#PPA90,M1}}</ref>
==Middle [[Bronze Age]]==
===Early [[Amorite]] city-states===
====Kings of [[Larsa]]====
[[Image:Kings Larsa Louvre AO7025.jpg|thumb|upright|List of the kings of Larsa (39th year of the reign of [[Hammurabi]])]]
[[Image:Milkau Oberer Teil der Stele mit dem Text von Hammurapis Gesetzescode 369-2.jpg|thumb|upright|King [[Hammurabi|Hammurabi of Babylon]] (right) (r. 1728–1686 BC) on his [[Code of Hammurabi|law code stele]]]]
{{Further|Larsa}}
{| class="nowraplinks" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" width="600px" rules="all" style="background:#fbfbfb; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; font-size:90%; empty-cells:show; border-collapse:collapse"
|- bgcolor="#F6E6AE"
! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
|-
| [[Naplanum]] || ca. 1961–1940 BC || Contemporary of [[Ibbi-Suen]] of [[Ur III]]
|-
| [[Emisum]] || ca. 1940–1912 BC ||
|-
| [[Samium]] || ca. 1912–1877 BC ||
|-
| [[Zabaia]] || ca. 1877–1868 BC || Son of Samium, First royal inscription
|-
| [[Gungunum]] || ca. 1868–1841 BC || [[Gutian people|Gutian]] king who Gained independence from [[Lipit-Eshtar]] of [[Isin]]
|-
| [[Abisare]] || ca. 1841–1830 BC ||
|-
| [[Sumuel]] || ca. 1830–1801 BC ||
|-
| [[Nur-Adad]] || ca. 1801–1785 BC || Contemporary of [[Sumu-la-El]] of Babylon
|-
| [[Sin-Iddinam]] || ca. 1785–1778 BC || Son of Nur-Adad
|-
| [[Sin-Eribam]] || ca. 1778–1776 BC ||
|-
| [[Sin-Iqisham]] || ca. 1776–1771 BC || Contemporary of [[Zambiya]] of [[Isin]], Son of Sin-Eribam
|-
| [[Silli-Adad]] || ca. 1771–1770 BC ||
|-
| [[Warad-Sin]] || ca. 1770–1758 BC || Possible co-regency with [[Kudur-Mabuk]] his father
|-
| [[Rim-Sin I]] || ca. 1758–1699 BC || Contemporary of [[Irdanene]] of [[Uruk]], Defeated by [[Hammurabi]] of Babylon, Brother of Warad-Sin
|-
| [[Hammurabi]] of Babylon || ca. 1699–1686 BC || Official Babylonian rule, code of Hammurabi
|-
| [[Samsu-iluna]] of Babylon || ca. 1686–1678 BC || Official Babylonian rule
|-
| [[Rim-Sin II]] || ca. 1678–1674 BC || Killed in revolt against Babylon
|}
==[[Babylonian Empire]] (Middle [[Bronze Age]])==
===[[First Dynasty of Babylon]], ([[Amorite]] Dynasty)===
[[Image:Hammurabi's Babylonia 1.svg|thumb|upright|[[First Dynasty of Babylon]] (ca. (1830–1531 BC)]]
{{Further|First Dynasty of Babylon}}
{| class="nowraplinks" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" width="600px" rules="all" style="background:#fbfbfb; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; font-size:90%; empty-cells:show; border-collapse:collapse"
|- bgcolor="#F6E6AE"
! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
|-
| [[Sumu-abum]] or [[Su-abu]] ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| ca. 1830–1817 BC || [[Amorite]] chieftain, founder of independent Babylonian State, Contemporary of [[Erishum I]] of [[Assyria]]
|-
| [[Sumu-la-El]] || ca. 1817–1781 BC || Contemporary of [[Ikunum]] of [[Assyria]]
|-
| [[Sabium]] or [[Sabum]] || ca. 1781–1767 BC || Son of Sumu-la-El
|-
| [[Apil-Sin]] || ca. 1767–1749 BC || Son of Sabium
|-
| [[Sin-muballit]] || ca. 1748–1729 BC || Son of Apil-Sin
|-
| [[Hammurabi]] || ca. 1728–1686 BC || Founded Babylonian Empire. Contemporary of [[Zimri-Lim]] of [[Mari, Syria|Mari]], [[Siwe-palar-huppak]] of [[Elam]] and [[Shamshi-Adad I]] of [[Assyria]]
|-
| [[Samsu-iluna]] || ca. 1686–1648 BC || Son of Hammurabi
|-
| [[Abi-eshuh]] or [[Abieshu]] || ca. 1648–1620 BC || Son of Samsu-iluna
|-
| [[Ammi-ditana]] || ca. 1620–1583 BC || Son of Abi-eshuh
|-
| [[Ammi-saduqa]] or [[Ammisaduqa]] || ca. 1582–1562 BC || [[Venus tablet of Ammisaduqa]]
|-
| [[Samsu-Ditana]] || ca. 1562–1531 BC || Deposed by [[Hitite]] king [[Mursili I|Mursilis]] in the Sack of Babylon. Last [[Amorite]] ruler.
|}
===Sealand Dynasty (Dynasty II of Babylon)===
{{Further|Sealand Dynasty}}
''These rulers may ''not'' have ruled Babylonia itself for more than the briefest of periods, but rather the formerly [[Sumer]]ian regions south of it. Nevertheless, it is often traditionally numbered the Second Dynasty of Babylon, and so is listed here.''
{| class="nowraplinks" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" width="600px" rules="all" style="background:#fbfbfb; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; font-size:90%; empty-cells:show; border-collapse:collapse"
|- bgcolor="#F6E6AE"
! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
|-
| [[Ilum-ma-ili]] || fl. ca. 1732 BC || Contemporary of [[Samsu-iluna]] and [[Abi-Eshuh|Abi-ešuh]]
|-
| [[Itti-ili-nibi]] || ||
|-
| [[Damqi-ilishu]] || || His city walls for [[Der (Sumer)|Der]] demolished by [[Ammi-Ditana]]
|-
| [[Ishkibal]] || ||
|-
| [[Shushushi]] || ||
|-
| [[Gulkishar]] || ||
|-
| [[Sealand Dynasty|<sup>m</sup>DIŠ+U-EN]] || || Contemporary of [[Iptar-Sin|LIK.KUD-Šamaš]] (Assyria)
|-
| [[Peshgaldaramesh]] || ||
|-
| [[Ayadaragalama]] || || May have ruled briefly over [[Babylon]]
|-
| [[Akurduana]] || ||
|-
| [[Melamkurkurra]] || ||
|-
| [[Ea-gamil]] || fl. ca. 1460 BC || Overthrown by [[Kassites|Kassite]] [[Ulamburiash|Ulam Buriaš]]
|}
===Early [[Kassites|Kassite]] Monarchs===
{{Further|Early Kassite rulers}}
''This dynasty also did not actually rule Babylon, but their [[numbering scheme]] was continued by later Kassite Kings of Babylon, and so they are listed here.''
{| class="nowraplinks" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" width="600px" rules="all" style="background:#fbfbfb; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; font-size:90%; empty-cells:show; border-collapse:collapse"
|- bgcolor="#F6E6AE"
! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
|-
| [[Gandash|Gandaš]] || fl. ca. 1730 BC ||
|-
| [[Agum I]] || || Known as ''Maḫrû'', "the first," or ''rabi'', "the great."
|-
| [[Kashtiliashu I|Kaštiliašu I]] || || Son of Agum I *according to the [[Agum II#Agum-Kakrime Inscription|Agum-Kakrime Inscription]]
|-
| [[Abi-Rattash|Abi-Rattaš]] || || Son of Kaštiliašu I *; may occupy fifth place, then ''Ušši'' or ''Uššiašu'' may come here
|-
| [[Kashtiliashu II|Kaštiliašu II]] || ||
|-
| [[Ur-zigurumash|Ur-zigurumaš]] || || ''Descendant'' of Abi-Rattaš *; alternative reading ''Tazzigurumaš''
|-
| [[Hurbazum|Ḫurbazum]] || || Tell Muḥammed level 3, alternatively ''Ḫarba-Šipak/Šihu''
|-
| [[Shipta'ulzi|Šipta’ulzi]] || || Tell Muḥammed level 2, alternatively ''Tiptakzi''
|}
==Late [[Bronze Age]]==
===Kassite Dynasty (Third Dynasty of Babylon)===
[[Image:Kassite Babylonia EN.svg|thumb|right|180px|[[Kassites|Kassite]] Dynasty (ca. 1507–1155 BC)]]
[[File:Kudurru Melishipak Louvre Sb23 n02.jpg|thumb|right|180px|King [[Meli-Shipak II]] (centre) (ca. 1186–1172 BC)]]
{{Further|Kassites}}
{| class="nowraplinks" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" width="600px" rules="all" style="background:#fbfbfb; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; font-size:90%; empty-cells:show; border-collapse:collapse"
|- bgcolor="#F6E6AE"
! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
|-
| [[Agum II]] or [[Agum-Kakrime]] || ca. 1507 BC ||
|-
| [[Burnaburiash I]] || || Treaty with [[Puzur-Ashur III]] of [[Assyria]]
|-
| [[Kashtiliash III]] || ||
|-
| [[Ulamburiash]] || || Conquers the first [[List of Kings of Babylon#Sealand Dynasty .28Dynasty II of Babylon.29|Sealand]] dynasty
|-
| [[Agum III]] || ||
|-
| [[Karaindash]] || || Contemporary of [[Amenophis III]] of [[Ancient Egypt|Egypt]]
|-
| [[Kadashman-harbe I]] || ||
|-
| [[Kurigalzu I]] || ||
|-
| [[Kadashman-Enlil I]] ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| ca. 1374–1360 BC || Contemporary of [[Amenophis III]] of the [[Ancient Egypt|Egyptian]] [[Amarna letters]]
|-
| [[Burnaburiash II]] || ca. 1359–1333 BC || Contemporary of [[Akhenaten]] and [[Ashur-uballit I]]
|-
| [[Kara-hardash]] || ca. 1333 BC || Grandson of [[Ashur-uballit I]] of [[Assyria]]
|-
| [[Nazi-Bugash]] or [[Shuzigash]] || ca. 1333 BC || Deposed by [[Ashur-uballit I]] of [[Assyria]]
|-
| [[Kurigalzu II]] || ca. 1332–1308 BC || Son of Burnaburiash II, Fought [[Battle of Sugagi]] with [[Enlil-nirari]] of [[Assyria]]
|-
| [[Nazi-Maruttash]] || ca. 1307–1282 BC || Contemporary of [[Adad-nirari I]] of [[Assyria]]
|-
| [[Kadashman-Turgu]] || ca. 1281–1264 BC || Contemporary of [[Hattusili III]] of the [[Hittites]]
|-
| [[Kadashman-Enlil II]] || ca. 1263–1255 BC || Contemporary of [[Hattusili III]] of the [[Hittites]]
|-
| [[Kudur-Enlil]] || ca. 1254–1246 BC ||
|-
| [[Shagarakti-Shuriash]] || ca. 1245–1233 BC || Son of Kudur-Enlil
|-
| [[Kashtiliashu IV]] || ca. 1232–1225 BC || Deposed by [[Tukulti-Ninurta I]] of [[Assyria]]
|-
| [[Enlil-nadin-shumi]] || ca. 1224 BC || [[Assyria]] installed governor under [[Tukulti-Ninurta I]]
|-
| [[Kadashman-Harbe II]] || ca. 1223 BC || [[Assyria]] installed governor under [[Tukulti-Ninurta I]]
|-
| [[Adad-shuma-iddina]] || ca. 1222–1217 BC || [[Assyria]] installed governor under [[Tukulti-Ninurta I]]
|-
| [[Adad-shuma-usur]] || ca. 1216–1187 BC || Contemporary of [[Ashur-nirari III]] of [[Assyria]]
|-
| [[Meli-Shipak II]] || ca. 1186–1172 BC ||
|-
| [[Marduk-apla-iddina I]] || ca. 1171–1159 BC ||
|-
| [[Zababa-shuma-iddin]] || ca. 1158 BC ||
|-
| [[Enlil-nadin-ahi]] || ca. 1157–1155 BC|| Deposed by [[Shutruk-Nahhunte]] of [[Elam]], ending the [[Kassite]] Dynasty
|}
==[[Iron Age]]==
===Dynasty IV of Babylon, from [[Isin]]===
The name of the dynasty, ''BALA PA.ŠE'', is a paronomasia on the term ''išinnu'', “stalk,” written as ''PA.ŠE'' and is the only apparent reference to the actual city of [[Isin]].<ref>{{cite book | title = Reallexikon Der Assyriologie Und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie: Ia – Kizzuwatna | author = J. A. Brinkman | volume = 5 | editor = Dietz Otto Edzard | publisher = Walter De Gruyter | year = 1999 | pages = 183–184 }}</ref> It is therefore also known as the '''Second Dynasty of Isin''' or '''Isin II'''.
[[Image:Amran Kudurru 01.jpg|right|thumb|170px|King [[Marduk-nadin-ahhe]] (r. 1100–1082 BC)]]
{| class="nowraplinks" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" width="600px" rules="all" style="background:#fbfbfb; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; font-size:90%; empty-cells:show; border-collapse:collapse"
|- bgcolor="#F6E6AE"
! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
|-
| [[Marduk-kabit-ahheshu]] || ca. 1155–1140 BC || Founded first native Mesopotamian Dynasty in Babylon
|-
| [[Itti-Marduk-balatu (king)|Itti-Marduk-balatu]] || ca. 1140–1132 BC ||
|-
| [[Ninurta-nadin-shumi]] || ca. 1132–1126 BC ||
|-
| [[Nebuchadnezzar I|Nabu-kudurri-usur]] ([[Nebuchadnezzar I]]) || ca. 1126–1103 BC || Contemporary and rival of [[Ashur-resh-ishi I]] of [[Assyria]]
|-
| [[Enlil-nadin-apli]] || ca. 1103–1100 BC || Fought with [[Tiglath-Pileser I]] of Assyria
|-
| [[Marduk-nadin-ahhe]] || ca. 1100–1082 BC || Fought with [[Tiglath-Pileser I]] of Assyria
|-
| [[Marduk-shapik-zeri]] || ca. 1082–1069 BC || Entente cordial with [[Ashur-bel-kala|Aššur-bêl-kala]] of Assyria
|-
| [[Adad-apla-iddina]] || ca. 1069–1046 BC || Married daughter to [[Ashur-bel-kala|Aššur-bêl-kala]] of Assyria
|-
| [[Marduk-ahhe-eriba]] || ca. 1046 BC ||
|-
| [[Marduk-zer-X]] || ca. 1046–1033 BC ||
|-
| [[Nabu-shum-libur]] || ca. 1033–1025 BC || Dynasty ends with incursions of the [[Arameans]]
|}
===Dynasty V of Babylon===
Known as the 2nd Sealand Dynasty, the evidence that this was a [[Kassite]] Dynasty is rather tenuous.<ref>{{cite book | title = Reallexikon Der Assyriologie Und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie: Meek - Mythologie | author = Bruno Meissner | editor = Dietz Otto Edzard | publisher = Walter De Gruyter | year = 1999 | page = 8 }} “The Kassite name of Simbar-Šipak, the Kassite derived theothoric element (<sup>d</sup>Kaššû = “the Kassite (god)”) in the name of the third king, and the tribal affiliation of the second monarch could suggest that this dynasty represented a revival of Kassite power following the native Babylonian rulers of the Second Dynasty of Isin; but the evidence at present must be regarded as tenuous.”</ref>
{| class="nowraplinks" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" width="600px" rules="all" style="background:#fbfbfb; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; font-size:90%; empty-cells:show; border-collapse:collapse"
|- bgcolor="#F6E6AE",
! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
|-
| [[Simbar-shipak]] || ca. 1025–1008 BC || Deposed native dynasty, assassinated by his successor
|-
| [[Ea-mukin-zeri]] || ca. 1008 BC || Usurper
|-
| [[Kashshu-nadin-ahi]] || ca. 1008–1004 BC || Distressed times and famine
|}
===Dynasty VI of Babylon===
Known as the Bīt-Bazi Dynasty after the region from where this minor [[Kassites|Kassite]] clan drew its ancestry.<ref>{{cite book | title = The Cambridge Ancient History (Volume 3, Part 1) | chapter = Babylonia, c. 1000 – 748 B.C. | author = J. A. Brinkman | editor = John Boardman, I. E. S. Edwards, N. G. L. Hammond, E. Sollberger | publisher = Cambridge University Press | year = 1982 | pages = 296–297 }}</ref>
{| class="nowraplinks" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" width="600px" rules="all" style="background:#fbfbfb; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; font-size:90%; empty-cells:show; border-collapse:collapse"
|- bgcolor="#F6E6AE"
! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
|-
| [[Eulmash-shakin-shumi]] || ca. 1004 – 987 BC || Founded Bīt-Bazi dynasty
|-
| [[Ninurta-kudurri-usur I]] || ca. 987 – 985 BC ||
|-
| [[Shirikti-shuqamuna]] || ca. 985 BC ||
|}
===Dynasty VII of Babylon===
This was an [[Elamite]] Dynasty.
{| class="nowraplinks" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" width="600px" rules="all" style="background:#fbfbfb; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; font-size:90%; empty-cells:show; border-collapse:collapse"
|- bgcolor="#F6E6AE"
! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
|-
| [[Mar-biti-apla-usur]] || ca. 985 – 979 BC || [[Elamite]] king who deposed the [[Arameans]]
|}
===Dynasty VIII of Babylon===
{| class="nowraplinks" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" width="600px" rules="all" style="background:#fbfbfb; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; font-size:90%; empty-cells:show; border-collapse:collapse"
|- bgcolor="#F6E6AE"
! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
|-
| [[Nabu-mukin-apli]] || ca. 979 – 943 BC || Native [[Babylonia]]n dynasty
|}
===Dynasty IX of Babylon===
[[Image:Nabu-apla-iddina confirming a grant of land.jpg|right|thumb|170px|King [[Nabu-apla-iddina]] (right) (r. 888–855 BC)]]
{| class="nowraplinks" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" width="600px" rules="all" style="background:#fbfbfb; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; font-size:90%; empty-cells:show; border-collapse:collapse"
|- bgcolor="#F6E6AE"
! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
|-
| [[Ninurta-kudurri-usur II]] || ca. 943 BC || Succeeded his father Nabu-mukin-apli
|-
| [[Mar-biti-ahhe-iddina]] || ca. 943 – 920 BC || Contemporary of [[Ashur-Dan II]] of Assyria
|-
| [[Shamash-mudammiq]] || ca. 920 – 900 BC || Lost territory to [[Adad-nirari II]] of Assyria
|-
| [[Nabu-shuma-ukin I]] || ca. 900 – 888 BC || Gained territory from [[Adad-nirari II]] of Assyria
|-
| [[Nabu-apla-iddina]] || ca. 888 – 855 BC ||
|-
| [[Marduk-zakir-shumi I]] || ca. 855 – 819 BC || Subjugated by [[Shalmaneser III]] of Assyria
|-
| [[Marduk-balassu-iqbi]] || ca. 819 – 813 BC || Subjugated by [[Shalmaneser III]] of Assyria
|-
| [[Baba-aha-iddina]] || ca. 813 – 811 BC || Subjugated by [[Adad-nirari III]] of Assyria
|-
| 5 kings || ca. 811 – 800 BC || Subjugated by [[Adad-nirari III]] of Assyria
|-
| [[Ninurta-apla-X]] || ca. 800 – 790 BC || Briefly Freed Babylonia from Assyrian influence
|-
| [[Marduk-bel-zeri]] || ca. 790 – 780 BC ||
|-
| [[Marduk-apla-usur]] || ca. 780 – 769 BC || [[Chaldean]] usurper, subjected by Assyria
|-
| [[Eriba-Marduk]] || ca. 769 – 761 BC || [[Chaldean]] usurper, subjected by Assyria
|-
| [[Nabu-shuma-ishkun]] || ca. 761 – 748 BC || [[Chaldean]] usurper, subjected by Assyria
|-
| colspan="3" |
''From this point on, the Babylonian chronology is securely known via [[Claudius Ptolemy|Ptolemy's]] [[Canon of Kings]] and other sources.''
|-
| [[Nabu-nasir]] ([[Nabonassar]]) || 748 – 734 BC || Overthrew Chaldeans, restored native Babylonian rule,Subjugated by [[Tiglath-Pileser III]] of Assyria
|-
| [[Nabu-nadin-zeri]] || 734 – 732 BC ||
|-
| [[Nabu-suma-ukin II]] || 732 BC ||
|}
===Dynasty X of Babylon (Assyrian)===
[[Image:Marduk-apla-iddina II.jpg|right|thumb|170px|King [[Marduk-apla-iddina II]] (left) (r. 722–710 BC)]]
{{Further|Neo-Assyrian Empire}}
{| class="nowraplinks" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" width="600px" rules="all" style="background:#fbfbfb; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; font-size:90%; empty-cells:show; border-collapse:collapse"
|- bgcolor="#F6E6AE"
! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
|-
| [[Nabu-mukin-zeri]] || 732 – 729 BC ||
|-
| [[Tiglath-Pileser III]] || 729 – 727 BC || [[Assyria]]n king
|-
| [[Shalmaneser V]] || 727 – 722 BC || Assyrian king
|-
| [[Marduk-apla-iddina II]] || 722 – 710 BC || A [[Chaldea]]n king, (the [[Bible|Biblical]] Merodach-Baladan)
|-
| [[Sharrukin II]] ([[Sargon II]]) || 710 – 705 BC || Assyrian king
|-
| [[Sin-ahhe-eriba]] ([[Sennacherib]]) || 705 – 703 BC || Assyrian king
|-
| [[Marduk-zakir-shumi II]] || 703 BC || Assyrian vassal
|-
| [[Marduk-apla-iddina II]] || 703 BC || [[Chaldea]]n ruler retook Babylon from Assyria during uprising
|-
| [[Bel-ibni]] || 703 – 700 BC || Assyrian vassal
|-
| [[Ashur-nadin-shumi]] || 700 – 694 BC || Assyrian king, son of [[Sennacherib]]
|-
| [[Nergal-ushezib]] || 694 – 693 BC || [[Elamite]] ruler, murdered [[Ashur-nadin-shumi]]
|-
| [[Mushezib-Marduk]] || 693 – 689 BC || [[Elamite]] ruler
|-
| colspan="3" |
''Assyrian Sack of Babylon by [[Sennacherib]] , 689 BC; Babylon is rebuilt by [[Esarhaddon]] of Assyria in the 670s BC''
|-
| [[Sin-ahhe-eriba]] ([[Sennacherib]]) || 689 – 681 BC || Assyrian king, destroyed Babylon
|-
| [[Ashur-ahha-iddina]] ([[Esarhaddon]]) || 681 – 669 BC || Assyrian king, rebuilt Babylon
|-
| [[Shamash-shum-ukin]] || 668 – 648 BC || Assyrian king, son of [[Esarhaddon]], rebelled against his brother, [[Ashurbanipal]] and was killed.
|-
| [[Kandalanu]] || 648 – 627 BC || Assyrian governor under [[Ashurbanipal]], rumoured to have been Ashurbanipal himself, also governor under [[Ashur-etil-ilani]] of Assyria between 631 BC and 627 BC
|-
| [[Sin-shumu-lishir]] || 626 BC || Assyrian king, Ruled Babylon, but lost control over regions in Babylonia.
|-
| [[Sinsharishkun]] || ca. 626 – 620 BC || Assyrian king. Lost control over Babylonia in 620 BC.
|}
===Dynasty XI of Babylon (Neo-Babylonian or [[Chaldea]]n Dynasty)===
{{Further|Neo-Babylonian Empire}}
[[Image:Nebukadnessar II.jpg|right|thumb|170px|King [[Nebuchadnezzar II|Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon]] (r. 605–562 BC)]]
{| class="nowraplinks" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" width="600px" rules="all" style="background:#fbfbfb; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; font-size:90%; empty-cells:show; border-collapse:collapse"
|- bgcolor="#F6E6AE"
! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
|-
| [[Nabu-apla-usur]] ([[Nabopolassar]]) || 626 – 605 BC || [[Chaldea]]n king. Took control of Babylonia from [[Sinsharishkun]] of Assyria, ejected Assyrian armies from Babylonia in 616 BC. Entered into alliance with [[Cyaxares]] and destroyed Assyrian empire.
|-
| [[Nabu-kudurri-usur]] ([[Nebuchadnezzar II]]) || 604 – 562 BC || [[Chaldea]]n king. Defeated the [[Egyptians]] and Assyrians at [[Carchemish]]. Is associated with [[Daniel (biblical figure)|Daniel]] in the Bible.
|-
| [[Amel-Marduk]] (Evil-Merodach) || 562 – 560 BC || Released Jehoiachin after 37 years in captivity.
|-
| [[Neriglissar|Nergal-shar-usur]] (Nergal-sharezer/Neriglissar) || 560 – 556 BC ||
|-
| [[Labashi-Marduk]] || 556 BC ||
|-
| [[Nabu-na'id]] ([[Nabonidus]]) || 556 – 539 BC || Last Mesopotamian king of Babylon, originated in [[Harran]] in Assyria. Was not a Chaldean, often left rule to his son [[Belshazzar]].
|-
| [[Cyrus II of Persia]] || 539 – 529 BC || Commonly known as "Cyrus the Great" or "Cyrus the Elder", founder of the Achaemenid Empire, see below
|}
==Achaemenid Babylonia==
{{Further|Persian Mesopotamia|Achaemenid Empire}}
In 539 BC, Babylon was captured by [[Cyrus the Great]]. His son was later crowned formally as King of Babylonia. This list uses the Greek names of the achaemenid Persian kings.
{| class="nowraplinks" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" width="600px" rules="all" style="background:#fbfbfb; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; font-size:90%; empty-cells:show; border-collapse:collapse"
|- bgcolor="#F6E6AE"
! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
|-
| [[Cambyses II]] || 529 – 522 BC || son of Cyrus the Great
|-
| [[Smerdis]] || 522 BC || son of Cyrus the Great (possible an usurper named Gaumata)<br>Reigned only for seven months
|-
| [[Darius I of Persia|Darius I the Great]] || 521 – 486 BC || son-in-law of Cyrus the Great and son of [[Hystaspes (father of Darius I)|Hystaspes]]
|-
| [[Xerxes I of Persia|Xerxes I the Great]] || 485 – 465 BC || son of Darius the Great and grandson of Cyrus the Great.<br>Maybe the [[Ahasuerus]] mentioned in the [[Book of Esther]].
|-
| [[Artaxerxes I of Persia|Artaxerxes I Longimanus]] || 465 – 424 BC || son of Xerxes the Great.<br>Mentioned in the [[book of Ezra]] and the [[book of Nehemiah]].
|-
| [[Xerxes II of Persia|Xerxes II]] || 424 BC || son of Artaxerxes Longimanus, reigned only for forty-five days.
|-
| [[Sogdianus of Persia|Sogdianus]] || 424 – 423 BC || illegitimate half-brother and rival of Xerxes II
|-
| [[Darius II of Persia|Darius II Nothus]] || 423 – 405 BC || illegitimate half-brother and rival of Xerxes II
|-
| [[Artaxerxes II of Persia|Artaxerxes II Mnemon]] || 404 – 359 BC || son of Darius Nothus, mentioned by [[Xenophon]]
|-
| [[Artaxerxes III of Persia|Artaxerxes III Ochus]] || 358 – 338 BC || son of Artaxerxes Mnenon
|-
| [[Arses of Persia|Artaxerxes IV Arses]] || 338 – 336 BC || son of Artaxerxes Ochus
|-
| [[Darius III of Persia|Darius III Codomannus]] || 336 – 330 BC || great-grandson of Darius Nothus
|}
==Seleucid Babylonia==
{{Further|Seleucid Empire}}
Babylon was captured by [[Alexander the Great]] in 330 BC. It was captured by the Parthians in 141 BC.
{| class="nowraplinks" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" width="600px" rules="all" style="background:#fbfbfb; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; font-size:90%; empty-cells:show; border-collapse:collapse"
|- bgcolor="#F6E6AE"
! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
|-
| [[Alexander the Great|Alexander III the Great]] || 330 – 323 BC ||
|-
| [[Alexander IV of Macedon|Alexander IV]] || 323 – 309 BC ||
|-
| [[Seleucus I Nicator]] || [[Satrap]] 311 – 305 BC, King 305 – 281 BC ||
|-
| [[Antiochus I Soter]] || co-ruler from 291, ruled 281 – 261 BC ||
|-
| [[Antiochus II Theos]] || 261 – 246 BC ||
|-
| [[Seleucus II Callinicus]] || 246 – 225 BC ||
|-
| [[Seleucus III Ceraunus]] (or Soter) || 225 – 223 BC ||
|-
| [[Antiochus III the Great]] || 223 – 187 BC ||
|-
| [[Seleucus IV Philopator]] || 187 – 175 BC ||
|-
| [[Antiochus IV Epiphanes]] || 175 – 164 BC ||
|-
| [[Antiochus V Eupator]] || 164 – 162 BC ||
|-
| [[Demetrius I Soter]] || 161 – 150 BC ||
|-
| [[Alexander Balas|Alexander III Balas]] || 150 – 145 BC ||
|-
| [[Demetrius II Nicator]] || first reign, 145 – 141 BC ||
|-
| [[Antiochus VI Dionysus]] || jointly with Demetrius II, 145 – 142 BC ||
|-
|}
==See also==
{{Portal|Ancient Near East}}
*[[List of Assyrian kings]]
*[[List of Mesopotamian dynasties]]
*[[Sumerian King List]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Babylonian kings}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Kings Of Babylon}}
[[Category:Babylonian kings| ]]
[[Category:Babylonia]]
[[Category:Lists of monarchs|Babylon]]
[[Category:Iraq-related lists|Kings of Babylon]]
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