Difference between revisions of "List of kings of Babylon"

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[[File:Chaldean_King_hunting_a_lion_in_Babylon_2015-05-12_03-16.jpeg|thumbnail|Chaldean King hunting a lion in Babylon]]
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The following is a '''list of the kings of [[Babylonia]]''' (ancient [[Sumer|southern]]-[[Akkadian Empire|central]] [[Iraq]]), compiled from the traditional [[Babylonia]]n king lists and modern archaeological findings. One of the most popular kings known of ruling Babylonia and having a very important code of rules and rights, is [[Hammurabi]].
  
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The following is a '''list of the kings of [[Babylonia]]''' (ancient [[Sumer|southern]]-[[Akkadian Empire|central]] [[Iraq]]), compiled from the traditional [[Babylonia]]n king lists and modern archaeological findings.
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==Babylonian King List==
 +
The Babylonian King List is a very specific ancient list of supposed Babylonian kings recorded in several ancient locations, and related to its predecessor, the [[Sumerian King List]]. As in the latter, contemporaneous dynasties are misleadingly listed as successive without comment.{{cn|date=March 2017}}
  
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==The Babylonian King List==
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There are three versions, which are known as "King List A"<ref>BM 33332.</ref> (containing all the kings from the [[First Dynasty of Babylon]] to the [[Neo-Assyria]]n king [[Kandalanu]]), "King List B"<ref>BM 38122.</ref> (containing only the two first dynasties), and "King List C"<ref>The text is in a private collection and was published in: {{cite journal | title = Second Dynasty of Isin According to a New King-List Tablet | author = Arno Poebel | journal = Assyriological Studies | issue = 15 | publisher = University of Chicago Press | year = 1955 }}</ref> (containing the first seven kings of the Second Dynasty of Isin). A fourth version was written in [[Ancient Greek language|Greek]] by [[Berossus]]. The "Babylonian King List of the Hellenistic Age" is a continuation that mentions all the [[Seleucid]] kings from [[Alexander the Great]] to [[Demetrius II Nicator]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Meissner
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The Babylonian King List is not merely a list of kings of Babylon, but is a very specific ancient list of supposed Babylonian kings recorded in several ancient locations, and related to its predecessor, the [[Sumerian King List]]. As in the latter, contemporaneous dynasties are listed chronologically without comment.
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|first=Bruno |title=Reallexikon der Assyriologie |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |location=Berlin |year=1990 |volume=6 |page=90 |isbn=3-11-010051-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OIeiZaIo91IC&printsec=frontcover&cad=0#PPA90,M1}}</ref>
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There are three versions, which are known as "King List A"<ref>BM 33332.</ref> (containing all the kings from the [[First Dynasty of Babylon]] to the [[Neo-Assyria]]n king [[Kandalanu]]), "King List B"<ref>BM 38122.</ref> (containing only the two first dynasties), and "King List C"<ref>The text is in a private collection and was published in: {{cite journal | title = Second Dynasty of Isin According to a New King-List Tablet | author = Arno Poebel | journal = Assyriological studies | issue = 15 | publisher = University of Chicago Press | year = 1955 }}</ref> (containing the first seven kings of the Second Dynasty of Isin). A fourth version was written in [[Ancient Greek language|Greek]] by [[Berossus]]. The "Babylonian King List of the Hellenistic Age" is a continuation that mentions all the [[Seleucid]] kings from [[Alexander the Great]] to [[Demetrius II Nicator]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Meissner
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|first=Bruno |title=Reallexikon der Assyriologie |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |location=Berlin |year=1990 |volume=6 |page=90 |isbn=3-11-010051-7 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=OIeiZaIo91IC&printsec=frontcover&cad=0#PPA90,M1}}</ref>
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==Middle [[Bronze Age]]==
 
==Middle [[Bronze Age]]==
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! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
 
! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
 
|-
 
|-
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| [[Naplanum]] || ca. 1961–1940 BC || Contemporary of [[Ibbi-Suen]] of [[Ur III]]
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| [[Naplanum]] || c. 1961–1940 BC || Contemporary of [[Ibbi-Suen]] of [[Ur III]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Emisum]] || ca. 1940–1912 BC ||
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| [[Emisum]] || c. 1940–1912 BC ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Samium]] || ca. 1912–1877 BC ||
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| [[Samium]] || c. 1912–1877 BC ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Zabaia]] || ca. 1877–1868 BC || Son of Samium, First royal inscription
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| [[Zabaia]] || c. 1877–1868 BC || Son of Samium, First royal inscription
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Gungunum]] || ca. 1868–1841 BC || [[Gutian people|Gutian]] king who Gained independence from [[Lipit-Eshtar]] of [[Isin]]
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| [[Gungunum]] || c. 1868–1841 BC || [[Gutian people|Gutian]] king who Gained independence from [[Lipit-Eshtar]] of [[Isin]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Abisare]] || ca. 1841–1830 BC ||
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| [[Abisare]] || c. 1841–1830 BC ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Sumuel]] || ca. 1830–1801 BC ||
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| [[Sumuel]] || c. 1830–1801 BC ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Nur-Adad]] || ca. 1801–1785 BC || Contemporary of [[Sumu-la-El]] of Babylon
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| [[Nur-Adad]] || c. 1801–1785 BC || Contemporary of [[Sumu-la-El]] of Babylon
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Sin-Iddinam]] || ca. 1785–1778 BC || Son of Nur-Adad
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| [[Sin-Iddinam]] || c. 1785–1778 BC || Son of Nur-Adad
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Sin-Eribam]] || ca. 1778–1776 BC ||
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| [[Sin-Eribam]] || c. 1778–1776 BC ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Sin-Iqisham]] || ca. 1776–1771 BC || Contemporary of [[Zambiya]] of [[Isin]], Son of Sin-Eribam
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| [[Sin-Iqisham]] || c. 1776–1771 BC || Contemporary of [[Zambiya]] of [[Isin]], Son of Sin-Eribam
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Silli-Adad]] || ca. 1771–1770 BC ||
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| [[Silli-Adad]] || c. 1771–1770 BC ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Warad-Sin]] || ca. 1770–1758 BC || Possible co-regency with [[Kudur-Mabuk]] his father
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| [[Warad-Sin]] || c. 1770–1758 BC || Possible co-regency with [[Kudur-Mabuk]] his father
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Rim-Sin I]] || ca. 1758–1699 BC || Contemporary of [[Irdanene]] of [[Uruk]], Defeated by [[Hammurabi]] of Babylon, Brother of Warad-Sin
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| [[Rim-Sin I]] || c. 1758–1699 BC || Contemporary of [[Irdanene]] of [[Uruk]], Defeated by [[Hammurabi]] of Babylon, Brother of Warad-Sin
 
|-
 
|-
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| [[Hammurabi]] of Babylon || ca. 1699–1686 BC || Official Babylonian rule, code of Hammurabi
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| [[Hammurabi]] of Babylon || c. 1699–1686 BC || Official Babylonian rule, code of Hammurabi
 
|-
 
|-
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| [[Samsu-iluna]] of Babylon || ca. 1686–1678 BC || Official Babylonian rule
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| [[Samsu-iluna]] of Babylon || c. 1686–1678 BC || Official Babylonian rule
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Rim-Sin II]] || ca. 1678–1674 BC ||  Killed in revolt against Babylon
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| [[Rim-Sin II]] || c. 1678–1674 BC ||  Killed in revolt against Babylon
 
|}
 
|}
  
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! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
 
! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Sumu-abum]] or [[Su-abu]] ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| ca. 1830–1817 BC || [[Amorite]] chieftain, founder of independent Babylonian State, Contemporary of [[Erishum I]] of [[Assyria]]
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| [[Sumu-abum]] or [[Su-abu]] ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| c. 1830–1817 BC || [[Amorite]] chieftain, founder of independent Babylonian State, Contemporary of [[Erishum I]] of [[Assyria]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Sumu-la-El]] || ca. 1817–1781 BC || Contemporary of [[Ikunum]] of [[Assyria]]
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| [[Sumu-la-El]] || c. 1817–1781 BC || Contemporary of [[Ikunum]] of [[Assyria]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Sabium]] or [[Sabum]] || ca. 1781–1767 BC || Son of Sumu-la-El
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| [[Sabium]] or [[Sabum]] || c. 1781–1767 BC || Son of Sumu-la-El
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Apil-Sin]] || ca. 1767–1749 BC || Son of Sabium
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| [[Apil-Sin]] || c. 1767–1749 BC || Son of Sabium
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Sin-muballit]] || ca. 1748–1729 BC || Son of Apil-Sin
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| [[Sin-Muballit]] || c. 1748–1729 BC || Son of Apil-Sin
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Hammurabi]] || ca. 1728–1686 BC || Founded Babylonian Empire. Contemporary of [[Zimri-Lim]] of [[Mari, Syria|Mari]],  [[Siwe-palar-huppak]] of [[Elam]] and [[Shamshi-Adad I]] of [[Assyria]]
+
| [[Hammurabi]] || c. 1728–1686 BC || Founded Babylonian Empire. Contemporary of [[Zimri-Lim]] of [[Mari, Syria|Mari]],  [[Siwe-palar-huppak]] of [[Elam]] and [[Shamshi-Adad I]] of [[Assyria]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Samsu-iluna]] || ca. 1686–1648 BC || Son of Hammurabi
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| [[Samsu-iluna]] || c. 1686–1648 BC || Son of Hammurabi
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Abi-eshuh]] or [[Abieshu]] || ca. 1648–1620 BC || Son of Samsu-iluna
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| [[Abi-eshuh]] or [[Abieshu]] || c. 1648–1620 BC || Son of Samsu-iluna
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Ammi-ditana]] || ca. 1620–1583 BC || Son of Abi-eshuh
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| [[Ammi-ditana]] || c. 1620–1583 BC || Son of Abi-eshuh
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Ammi-saduqa]] or [[Ammisaduqa]] || ca. 1582–1562 BC || [[Venus tablet of Ammisaduqa]]
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| [[Ammi-saduqa]] or [[Ammisaduqa]] || c. 1582–1562 BC || [[Venus tablet of Ammisaduqa]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Samsu-Ditana]] || ca. 1562–1531 BC || Deposed by [[Hitite]] king [[Mursili I|Mursilis]] in the Sack of Babylon. Last [[Amorite]] ruler.
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| [[Samsu-Ditana]] || c. 1562–1531 BC || Deposed by [[Hitite]] king [[Mursili I|Mursilis]] in the Sack of Babylon. Last [[Amorite]] ruler.
 
|}
 
|}
  
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! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
 
! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
 
|-
 
|-
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| [[Ilum-ma-ili]] || fl. ca. 1732 BC || Contemporary of [[Samsu-iluna]] and [[Abi-Eshuh|Abi-ešuh]]
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| [[Ilum-ma-ili]] || fl. c. 1732 BC || Contemporary of [[Samsu-iluna]] and [[Abi-Eshuh|Abi-ešuh]]
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Itti-ili-nibi]] || ||
 
| [[Itti-ili-nibi]] || ||
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| [[Melamkurkurra]] || ||
 
| [[Melamkurkurra]] || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Ea-gamil]]  || fl. ca. 1460 BC || Overthrown by [[Kassites|Kassite]] [[Ulamburiash|Ulam Buriaš]]
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| [[Ea-gamil]]  || fl. c. 1460 BC || Overthrown by [[Kassites|Kassite]] [[Ulamburiash|Ulam Buriaš]]
 
|}
 
|}
  
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! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
 
! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Gandash|Gandaš]] || fl. ca. 1730 BC ||
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| [[Gandash|Gandaš]] || fl. c. 1730 BC ||
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Agum I]] || || Known as ''Maḫrû'', "the first," or ''rabi'', "the great."
 
| [[Agum I]] || || Known as ''Maḫrû'', "the first," or ''rabi'', "the great."
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! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
 
! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Agum II]] or [[Agum-Kakrime]] || ca. 1507 BC ||
+
| [[Agum II]] or [[Agum-Kakrime]] || c. 1507 BC ||
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Burnaburiash I]] || || Treaty with [[Puzur-Ashur III]] of [[Assyria]]
 
| [[Burnaburiash I]] || || Treaty with [[Puzur-Ashur III]] of [[Assyria]]
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| [[Kurigalzu I]] || ||
 
| [[Kurigalzu I]] || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Kadashman-Enlil I]] ||style="white-space:nowrap;"|  ca. 1374–1360 BC || Contemporary of  [[Amenophis III]] of the [[Ancient Egypt|Egyptian]] [[Amarna letters]]
+
| [[Kadashman-Enlil I]] ||style="white-space:nowrap;"|  c. 1374–1360 BC || Contemporary of  [[Amenophis III]] of the [[Ancient Egypt|Egyptian]] [[Amarna letters]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Burnaburiash II]] || ca. 1359–1333 BC || Contemporary of [[Akhenaten]] and [[Ashur-uballit I]]
+
| [[Burnaburiash II]] || c. 1359–1333 BC || Contemporary of [[Akhenaten]] and [[Ashur-uballit I]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Kara-hardash]] || ca. 1333 BC ||  Grandson of [[Ashur-uballit I]] of [[Assyria]]
+
| [[Kara-hardash]] || c. 1333 BC ||  Grandson of [[Ashur-uballit I]] of [[Assyria]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Nazi-Bugash]] or [[Shuzigash]] || ca. 1333 BC || Deposed by [[Ashur-uballit I]] of [[Assyria]]
+
| [[Nazi-Bugash]] or [[Shuzigash]] || c. 1333 BC || Deposed by [[Ashur-uballit I]] of [[Assyria]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Kurigalzu II]] || ca. 1332–1308 BC || Son of Burnaburiash II, Fought [[Battle of Sugagi]] with [[Enlil-nirari]] of [[Assyria]]
+
| [[Kurigalzu II]] || c. 1332–1308 BC || Son of Burnaburiash II, Fought [[Battle of Sugagi]] with [[Enlil-nirari]] of [[Assyria]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Nazi-Maruttash]] || ca. 1307–1282 BC ||  Contemporary of  [[Adad-nirari I]] of [[Assyria]]
+
| [[Nazi-Maruttash]] || c. 1307–1282 BC ||  Contemporary of  [[Adad-nirari I]] of [[Assyria]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Kadashman-Turgu]] || ca. 1281–1264 BC || Contemporary of [[Hattusili III]] of the [[Hittites]]
+
| [[Kadashman-Turgu]] || c. 1281–1264 BC || Contemporary of [[Hattusili III]] of the [[Hittites]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Kadashman-Enlil II]] || ca. 1263–1255 BC || Contemporary of [[Hattusili III]] of the [[Hittites]]
+
| [[Kadashman-Enlil II]] || c. 1263–1255 BC || Contemporary of [[Hattusili III]] of the [[Hittites]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Kudur-Enlil]] || ca. 1254–1246 BC ||
+
| [[Kudur-Enlil]] || c. 1254–1246 BC ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Shagarakti-Shuriash]] || ca. 1245–1233 BC || Son of Kudur-Enlil
+
| [[Shagarakti-Shuriash]] || c. 1245–1233 BC || Son of Kudur-Enlil
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Kashtiliashu IV]] || ca. 1232–1225 BC || Deposed by [[Tukulti-Ninurta I]] of [[Assyria]]
+
| [[Kashtiliashu IV]] || c. 1232–1225 BC || Deposed by [[Tukulti-Ninurta I]] of [[Assyria]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Enlil-nadin-shumi]] || ca. 1224 BC ||  [[Assyria]] installed governor under [[Tukulti-Ninurta I]]
+
| [[Enlil-nadin-shumi]] || c. 1224 BC ||  [[Assyria]] installed governor under [[Tukulti-Ninurta I]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Kadashman-Harbe II]] || ca. 1223 BC || [[Assyria]] installed governor under [[Tukulti-Ninurta I]]
+
| [[Kadashman-Harbe II]] || c. 1223 BC || [[Assyria]] installed governor under [[Tukulti-Ninurta I]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Adad-shuma-iddina]] || ca. 1222–1217 BC ||  [[Assyria]] installed governor under [[Tukulti-Ninurta I]]
+
| [[Adad-shuma-iddina]] || c. 1222–1217 BC ||  [[Assyria]] installed governor under [[Tukulti-Ninurta I]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Adad-shuma-usur]] || ca. 1216–1187 BC || Contemporary of [[Ashur-nirari III]] of [[Assyria]]
+
| [[Adad-shuma-usur]] || c. 1216–1187 BC || Contemporary of [[Ashur-nirari III]] of [[Assyria]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Meli-Shipak II]] || ca. 1186–1172 BC ||
+
| [[Meli-Shipak II]] || c. 1186–1172 BC ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Marduk-apla-iddina I]] || ca. 1171–1159 BC ||
+
| [[Marduk-apla-iddina I]] || c. 1171–1159 BC ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Zababa-shuma-iddin]] || ca. 1158 BC ||
+
| [[Zababa-shuma-iddin]] || c. 1158 BC ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Enlil-nadin-ahi]] || ca. 1157–1155 BC|| Deposed by [[Shutruk-Nahhunte]] of [[Elam]], ending the [[Kassite]] Dynasty
+
| [[Enlil-nadin-ahi]] || c. 1157–1155 BC|| Deposed by [[Shutruk-Nahhunte]] of [[Elam]], ending the [[Kassite]] Dynasty
 
|}
 
|}
  
Line 218: Line 216:
 
! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
 
! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Marduk-kabit-ahheshu]] || ca. 1155–1140 BC || Founded first native Mesopotamian Dynasty in Babylon
+
| [[Marduk-kabit-ahheshu]] || c. 1155–1140 BC || Founded first native Mesopotamian Dynasty in Babylon
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Itti-Marduk-balatu (king)|Itti-Marduk-balatu]] || ca. 1140–1132 BC ||
+
| [[Itti-Marduk-balatu (king)|Itti-Marduk-balatu]] || c. 1140–1132 BC ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Ninurta-nadin-shumi]] || ca. 1132–1126 BC ||
+
| [[Ninurta-nadin-shumi]] || c. 1132–1126 BC ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Nebuchadnezzar I|Nabu-kudurri-usur]] ([[Nebuchadnezzar I]]) || ca. 1126–1103 BC || Contemporary and rival of [[Ashur-resh-ishi I]] of [[Assur]]
+
| [[Nebuchadnezzar I|Nabu-kudurri-usur]] ([[Nebuchadnezzar I]]) || c. 1126–1103 BC || Contemporary and rival of [[Ashur-resh-ishi I]] of [[Assyria]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Enlil-nadin-apli]] || ca. 1103–1100 BC || Fought with [[Tiglath-Pileser I]] of Assur
+
| [[Enlil-nadin-apli]] || c. 1103–1100 BC || Fought with [[Tiglath-Pileser I]] of Assyria
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Marduk-nadin-ahhe]] || ca. 1100–1082 BC || Fought with [[Tiglath-Pileser I]] of Assur
+
| [[Marduk-nadin-ahhe]] || c. 1100–1082 BC || Fought with [[Tiglath-Pileser I]] of Assyria
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Marduk-shapik-zeri]] || ca. 1082–1069 BC || Entente cordial with [[Ashur-bel-kala|Aššur-bêl-kala]]  
+
| [[Marduk-shapik-zeri]] || c. 1082–1069 BC || Entente cordial with [[Ashur-bel-kala|Aššur-bêl-kala]] of Assyria
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Adad-apla-iddina]] || ca. 1069–1046 BC || Married daughter to [[Ashur-bel-kala|Aššur-bêl-kala]]  
+
| [[Adad-apla-iddina]] || c. 1069–1046 BC || Married daughter to [[Ashur-bel-kala|Aššur-bêl-kala]] of Assyria
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Marduk-ahhe-eriba]] || ca. 1046 BC ||
+
| [[Marduk-ahhe-eriba]] || c. 1046 BC ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Marduk-zer-X]] || ca. 1046–1033 BC ||
+
| [[Marduk-zer-X]] || c. 1046–1033 BC ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Nabu-shum-libur]] || ca. 1033–1025 BC || Dynasty ends with incursions of the [[Arameans]]
+
| [[Nabu-shum-libur]] || c. 1033–1025 BC || Dynasty ends with incursions of the [[Arameans]]
 
|}
 
|}
  
 
===Dynasty V of Babylon===
 
===Dynasty V of Babylon===
−
Known as the 2nd Sealand Dynasty, the evidence that this was a [[Kassite]] Dynasty is rather tenuous.<ref>{{cite book | title = Reallexikon Der Und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie: Meek - Mythologie | author = Bruno Meissner | editor = Dietz Otto Edzard | publisher = Walter De Gruyter | year = 1999 | page = 8 }} “The Kassite name of Simbar-Šipak, the Kassite derived theothoric element (<sup>d</sup>Kaššû = “the Kassite (god)”) in the name of the third king, and the tribal affiliation of the second monarch could suggest that this dynasty represented a revival of Kassite power following the native Babylonian rulers of the Second Dynasty of Isin; but the evidence at present must be regarded as tenuous.”</ref>
+
Known as the 2nd Sealand Dynasty, the evidence that this was a [[Kassite]] Dynasty is rather tenuous.<ref>{{cite book | title = Reallexikon Der Assyriologie Und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie: Meek - Mythologie | author = Bruno Meissner | editor = Dietz Otto Edzard | publisher = Walter De Gruyter | year = 1999 | page = 8 }} “The Kassite name of Simbar-Šipak, the Kassite derived theothoric element (<sup>d</sup>Kaššû = “the Kassite (god)”) in the name of the third king, and the tribal affiliation of the second monarch could suggest that this dynasty represented a revival of Kassite power following the native Babylonian rulers of the Second Dynasty of Isin; but the evidence at present must be regarded as tenuous.”</ref>
 
{| class="nowraplinks" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" width="600px" rules="all" style="background:#fbfbfb; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; font-size:90%; empty-cells:show; border-collapse:collapse"
 
{| class="nowraplinks" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" width="600px" rules="all" style="background:#fbfbfb; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; font-size:90%; empty-cells:show; border-collapse:collapse"
 
|- bgcolor="#F6E6AE",
 
|- bgcolor="#F6E6AE",
 
! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
 
! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Simbar-shipak]] || ca. 1025–1008 BC || Deposed native dynasty, assassinated by his successor
+
| [[Simbar-shipak]] || c. 1025–1008 BC || Deposed native dynasty, assassinated by his successor
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Ea-mukin-zeri]] || ca. 1008 BC || Usurper
+
| [[Ea-mukin-zeri]] || c. 1008 BC || Usurper
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Kashshu-nadin-ahi]] || ca. 1008–1004 BC || Distressed times and famine
+
| [[Kashshu-nadin-ahi]] || c. 1008–1004 BC || Distressed times and famine
 
|}
 
|}
  
 
===Dynasty VI of Babylon===
 
===Dynasty VI of Babylon===
−
Known as the Bīt-Bazi Dynasty after the region from where this minor [[Kassites|Kassite]] clan drew its ancestry.<ref>{{cite book | title = The Cambridge Ancient History (Volume 3, Part 1) | chapter = Babylonia, c. 1000 – 748 B.C. | author = J. A. Brinkman | editor = John Boardman, I. E. S. Edwards, N. G. L. Hammond, E. Sollberger | publisher = Cambridge University Press | year = 1982 | pages = 296–297 }}</ref>
+
Known as the Bīt-Bazi Dynasty after the region from where this minor [[Kassites|Kassite]] clan drew its ancestry.<ref>{{cite book | title = The Cambridge Ancient History (Volume 3, Part 1) | chapter = Babylonia, c. 1000 – 748 B.C. | author = J. A. Brinkman |editor1=John Boardman |editor2=I. E. S. Edwards |editor3=N. G. L. Hammond |editor4=E. Sollberger | publisher = Cambridge University Press | year = 1982 | pages = 296–297 }}</ref>
 
{| class="nowraplinks" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" width="600px" rules="all" style="background:#fbfbfb; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; font-size:90%; empty-cells:show; border-collapse:collapse"
 
{| class="nowraplinks" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" width="600px" rules="all" style="background:#fbfbfb; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; font-size:90%; empty-cells:show; border-collapse:collapse"
 
|- bgcolor="#F6E6AE"
 
|- bgcolor="#F6E6AE"
 
! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
 
! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Eulmash-shakin-shumi]] || ca. 1004 – 987 BC || Founded Bīt-Bazi dynasty
+
| [[Eulmash-shakin-shumi]] || c. 1004 – 987 BC || Founded Bīt-Bazi dynasty
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Ninurta-kudurri-usur I]] || ca. 987 – 985 BC ||
+
| [[Ninurta-kudurri-usur I]] || c. 987 – 985 BC ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Shirikti-shuqamuna]] || ca. 985 BC ||
+
| [[Shirikti-shuqamuna]] || c. 985 BC ||
 
|}
 
|}
  
Line 273: Line 271:
 
! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
 
! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Mar-biti-apla-usur]] || ca. 985 – 979 BC || [[Elamite]] king who deposed the [[Arameans]]
+
| [[Mar-biti-apla-usur]] || c. 985 – 979 BC || [[Elamite]] king who deposed the [[Arameans]]
 
|}
 
|}
  
Line 281: Line 279:
 
! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
 
! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Nabu-mukin-apli]] || ca. 979 – 943 BC || Native [[Babylonia]]n dynasty
+
| [[Nabu-mukin-apli]] || c. 979 – 943 BC || Native [[Babylonia]]n dynasty
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
===Dynasty IX of Babylon===
+
===Dynasty IX of Babylon (Dynasty of E) ===
 
[[Image:Nabu-apla-iddina confirming a grant of land.jpg|right|thumb|170px|King [[Nabu-apla-iddina]] (right) (r. 888–855 BC)]]
 
[[Image:Nabu-apla-iddina confirming a grant of land.jpg|right|thumb|170px|King [[Nabu-apla-iddina]] (right) (r. 888–855 BC)]]
 
{| class="nowraplinks" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" width="600px" rules="all" style="background:#fbfbfb; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; font-size:90%; empty-cells:show; border-collapse:collapse"
 
{| class="nowraplinks" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" width="600px" rules="all" style="background:#fbfbfb; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; font-size:90%; empty-cells:show; border-collapse:collapse"
Line 290: Line 288:
 
! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
 
! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Ninurta-kudurri-usur II]] || ca. 943 BC || Succeeded his father Nabu-mukin-apli
+
| [[Ninurta-kudurri-usur II]] || c. 943 BC || Succeeded his father Nabu-mukin-apli
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Mar-biti-ahhe-iddina]] || ca. 943 – 920 BC || Contemporary of [[Ashur-Dan II]] of Assyria
+
| [[Mar-biti-ahhe-iddina]] || c. 943 – 920 BC || Contemporary of [[Ashur-Dan II]] of Assyria
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Shamash-mudammiq]] || ca. 920 – 900 BC || Lost territory to [[Adad-nirari II]] of Assyria
+
| [[Shamash-mudammiq]] || c. 920 – 900 BC || Lost territory to [[Adad-nirari II]] of Assyria
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Nabu-shuma-ukin I]] || ca. 900 – 888 BC || Gained territory from [[Adad-nirari II]] of Assyria
+
| [[Nabu-shuma-ukin I]] || c. 900 – 888 BC || Gained territory from [[Adad-nirari II]] of Assyria
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Nabu-apla-iddina]] || ca. 888 – 855 BC ||
+
| [[Nabu-apla-iddina]] || c. 888 – 855 BC ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Marduk-zakir-shumi I]] || ca. 855 – 819 BC || Subjugated by [[Shalmaneser III]] of Assyria
+
| [[Marduk-zakir-shumi I]] || c. 855 – 819 BC || Subjugated by [[Shalmaneser III]] of Assyria
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Marduk-balassu-iqbi]] || ca. 819 – 813 BC || Subjugated by [[Shalmaneser III]] of Assyria
+
| [[Marduk-balassu-iqbi]] || c. 819 – 813 BC || Subjugated by [[Shalmaneser III]] of Assyria
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Baba-aha-iddina]] || ca. 813 – 811 BC || Subjugated by [[Adad-nirari III]] of Assyria
+
| [[Baba-aha-iddina]] || c. 813 – 811 BC || Subjugated by [[Adad-nirari III]] of Assyria
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 5 kings || ca. 811 – 800 BC || Subjugated by [[Adad-nirari III]] of Assyria
+
| 5 kings || c. 811 – 800 BC || Subjugated by [[Adad-nirari III]] of Assyria
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Ninurta-apla-X]] || ca. 800 – 790 BC || Briefly Freed Babylonia from Assyrian influence
+
| [[Ninurta-apla-X]] || c. 800 – 790 BC || Briefly Freed Babylonia from Assyrian influence
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Marduk-bel-zeri]] || ca. 790 – 780 BC ||
+
| [[Marduk-bel-zeri]] || c. 790 – 780 BC ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Marduk-apla-usur]] || ca. 780 – 769 BC || [[Chaldean]] usurper, subjected by Assyria
+
| [[Marduk-apla-usur]] || c. 780 – 769 BC || [[Chaldea]]n usurper, subjected by Assyria
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Eriba-Marduk]] || ca. 769 – 761 BC || [[Chaldean]] usurper, subjected by Assyria
+
| [[Eriba-Marduk]] || c. 769 – 761 BC || [[Chaldea]]n usurper, subjected by Assyria
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Nabu-shuma-ishkun]] || ca. 761 – 748 BC || [[Chaldean]] usurper, subjected by Assyria
+
| [[Nabu-shuma-ishkun]] || c. 761 – 748 BC || [[Chaldea]]n usurper, subjected by Assyria
 
|-
 
|-
 
| colspan="3" |
 
| colspan="3" |
Line 325: Line 323:
 
| [[Nabu-nadin-zeri]] || 734 – 732 BC ||
 
| [[Nabu-nadin-zeri]] || 734 – 732 BC ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Nabu-suma-ukin II]] || 732 BC ||
+
| [[Nabu-suma-ukin II]] || 732 BC || King of Babylon for one month and two days.
 +
|-
 +
| [[Nabu-mukin-zeri]] || 732 – 729 BC ||
 
|}
 
|}
  
Line 334: Line 334:
 
|- bgcolor="#F6E6AE"
 
|- bgcolor="#F6E6AE"
 
! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
 
! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
−
|-
 
−
| [[Nabu-mukin-zeri]] || 732 – 729 BC ||
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Tiglath-Pileser III]] || 729 – 727 BC || [[Assyria]]n king
 
| [[Tiglath-Pileser III]] || 729 – 727 BC || [[Assyria]]n king
Line 355: Line 353:
 
| [[Ashur-nadin-shumi]] || 700 – 694 BC || Assyrian king, son of [[Sennacherib]]
 
| [[Ashur-nadin-shumi]] || 700 – 694 BC || Assyrian king, son of [[Sennacherib]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Nergal-ushezib]] || 694 – 693 BC || [[Elamite]] ruler, murdered [[Ashur-nadin-shumi]]
+
| [[Nergal-ushezib]] || 694 – 693 BC || [[Chaldea]]n ruler, murdered [[Ashur-nadin-shumi]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Mushezib-Marduk]] || 693 – 689 BC || [[Elamite]] ruler
+
| [[Mushezib-Marduk]] || 693 – 689 BC || [[Chaldea]]n ruler
 
|-
 
|-
 
| colspan="3" |
 
| colspan="3" |
Line 372: Line 370:
 
| [[Sin-shumu-lishir]] || 626 BC || Assyrian king, Ruled Babylon, but lost control over regions in Babylonia.
 
| [[Sin-shumu-lishir]] || 626 BC || Assyrian king, Ruled Babylon, but lost control over regions in Babylonia.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Sinsharishkun]] || ca. 626 – 620 BC || Assyrian king. Lost control over Babylonia in 620 BC.
+
| [[Sinsharishkun]] || c. 626 – 620 BC || Assyrian king. Lost control over Babylonia in 620 BC.
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
===Dynasty XI of Babylon (Neo-Babylonian or [[Chaldea]]n Dynasty)===
+
===Dynasty XI of Babylon (Neo-Babylonian)===
 
{{Further|Neo-Babylonian Empire}}
 
{{Further|Neo-Babylonian Empire}}
 
[[Image:Nebukadnessar II.jpg|right|thumb|170px|King [[Nebuchadnezzar II|Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon]] (r. 605–562 BC)]]
 
[[Image:Nebukadnessar II.jpg|right|thumb|170px|King [[Nebuchadnezzar II|Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon]] (r. 605–562 BC)]]
Line 382: Line 380:
 
! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
 
! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Nabu-apla-usur]] ([[Nabopolassar]]) || 626 – 605 BC || [[Chaldea]]n king. Took control of Babylonia from [[Sinsharishkun]] of Assyria, ejected Assyrian armies from Babylonia in 616 BC. Entered into alliance with [[Cyaxares]] and destroyed Assyrian empire.
+
| [[Nabu-apla-usur]] ([[Nabopolassar]]) || 626 – 605 BC || Took control of Babylonia from [[Sinsharishkun]] of Assyria, ejected Assyrian armies from Babylonia in 616 BC. Entered into alliance with [[Cyaxares]] and destroyed Assyrian empire.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Nabu-kudurri-usur]] ([[Nebuchadnezzar II]]) || 604 – 562 BC || [[Chaldea]]n king. Defeated the [[Egyptians]] and Assyrians at [[Carchemish]]. Is associated with [[Daniel (biblical figure)|Daniel]] in the Bible.
+
| [[Nabu-kudurri-usur]] ([[Nebuchadnezzar II]]) || 605 – 562 BC || [[Chaldea]]n king. Defeated the [[Egyptians]] and Assyrians at [[Carchemish]]. Is associated with [[Daniel (biblical figure)|Daniel]] in the Bible.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Amel-Marduk]] (Evil-Merodach) || 562 – 560 BC || Released Jehoiachin after 37 years in captivity.
+
| [[Amel-Marduk]] (Evil-Merodach) || 562 – 560 BC || Released [[Jeconiah]] after 37 years in captivity.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Neriglissar|Nergal-shar-usur]] (Nergal-sharezer/Neriglissar) || 560 – 556 BC ||
+
| [[Neriglissar|Nergal-shar-usur]] (Nergal-sharezer/Neriglissar) || 560 – 556 BC ||Son-in-law of Nebuchadnezzar II. Murdered Amel-Marduk.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Labashi-Marduk]] || 556 BC ||
+
| [[Labashi-Marduk]] || 556 BC ||Son of Neriglissar. Murdered after being deemed unfit to rule.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Nabu-na'id]] ([[Nabonidus]]) || 556 – 539 BC || Last Mesopotamian king of Babylon, originated in [[Harran]] in Assyria. Was not a Chaldean, often left rule to his son [[Belshazzar]].
+
| [[Nabu-na'id]] ([[Nabonidus]]) || 556 – 539 BC || Last Mesopotamian king of Babylon, originated in [[Harran]] in Assyria. Was not a Chaldean, often left rule to his son [[Belshazzar]] in a co-regency arrangement.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Cyrus II of Persia]] || 539 – 529 BC || Commonly known as "Cyrus the Great" or "Cyrus the Elder", founder of the Achaemenid Empire, see below
 
 
|}
 
|}
  
 
==Achaemenid Babylonia==
 
==Achaemenid Babylonia==
 
{{Further|Persian Mesopotamia|Achaemenid Empire}}
 
{{Further|Persian Mesopotamia|Achaemenid Empire}}
−
In 539 BC, Babylon was captured by [[Cyrus the Great]]. His son was later crowned formally as King of Babylonia. This list uses the Greek names of the achaemenid Persian kings.
+
In 539 BC, Babylon was captured by [[Cyrus the Great]]. His son was later crowned formally as King of Babylonia. This list uses the Greek names of the Achaemenid Persian kings.
 
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{| class="nowraplinks" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" width="600px" rules="all" style="background:#fbfbfb; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; font-size:90%; empty-cells:show; border-collapse:collapse"
 
|- bgcolor="#F6E6AE"
 
|- bgcolor="#F6E6AE"
 
! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
 
! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Cambyses II]] || 529 – 522 BC || son of Cyrus the Great
+
| [[Cyrus the Great]] || 539-530 BC || Conquered Babylon into the [[Achaemenid Empire|Persian Empire]].
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Smerdis]] || 522 BC || son of Cyrus the Great (possible an usurper named Gaumata)<br>Reigned only for seven months
+
| [[Cambyses II]] || 530 – 522 BC || Son of Cyrus the Great.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Darius I of Persia|Darius I the Great]] || 521 – 486 BC || son-in-law of Cyrus the Great and son of [[Hystaspes (father of Darius I)|Hystaspes]]
+
| [[Bardiya]] || 522 BC || Son of Cyrus the Great (possible an usurper named Gaumata)<br>Reigned only for seven months.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Xerxes I of Persia|Xerxes I the Great]] || 485 – 465 BC || son of Darius the Great and grandson of Cyrus the Great.<br>Maybe the [[Ahasuerus]] mentioned in the [[Book of Esther]].
+
| [[Darius I of Persia|Darius I the Great]] || 521 – 486 BC || Son-in-law of Cyrus the Great and son of [[Hystaspes (father of Darius I)|Hystaspes]].
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Artaxerxes I of Persia|Artaxerxes I Longimanus]] || 465 – 424 BC || son of Xerxes the Great.<br>Mentioned in the [[book of Ezra]] and the [[book of Nehemiah]].
+
| [[Xerxes I of Persia|Xerxes I the Great]] || 485 – 465 BC || Son of Darius the Great and grandson of Cyrus the Great.<br>Maybe the [[Ahasuerus]] mentioned in the [[Book of Esther]].
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Xerxes II of Persia|Xerxes II]] || 424 BC || son of Artaxerxes Longimanus, reigned only for forty-five days.
+
| [[Artaxerxes I of Persia|Artaxerxes I Longimanus]] || 465 – 424 BC || Son of Xerxes the Great.<br>Mentioned in the [[book of Ezra]] and the [[book of Nehemiah]].
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Sogdianus of Persia|Sogdianus]] || 424 – 423 BC || illegitimate half-brother and rival of Xerxes II
+
| [[Xerxes II of Persia|Xerxes II]] || 424 BC || Son of Artaxerxes Longimanus, reigned only for forty-five days.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Darius II of Persia|Darius II Nothus]] || 423 – 405 BC || illegitimate half-brother and rival of Xerxes II
+
| [[Sogdianus of Persia|Sogdianus]] || 424 – 423 BC || Illegitimate half-brother and rival of Xerxes II.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Artaxerxes II of Persia|Artaxerxes II Mnemon]] || 404 – 359 BC || son of Darius Nothus, mentioned by [[Xenophon]]
+
| [[Darius II of Persia|Darius II Nothus]] || 423 – 405 BC || Illegitimate half-brother and rival of Xerxes II.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Artaxerxes III of Persia|Artaxerxes III Ochus]] || 358 – 338 BC || son of Artaxerxes Mnenon
+
| [[Artaxerxes II of Persia|Artaxerxes II Mnemon]] || 404 – 359 BC || Son of Darius Nothus, mentioned by [[Xenophon]].
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Arses of Persia|Artaxerxes IV Arses]] || 338 – 336 BC || son of Artaxerxes Ochus
+
| [[Artaxerxes III of Persia|Artaxerxes III Ochus]] || 358 – 338 BC || Son of Artaxerxes Mnenon.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Darius III of Persia|Darius III Codomannus]] || 336 – 330 BC || great-grandson of Darius Nothus
+
| [[Arses of Persia|Artaxerxes IV Arses]] || 338 – 336 BC || Son of Artaxerxes Ochus.
 +
|-
 +
| [[Darius III of Persia|Darius III Codomannus]] || 336 – 330 BC || Great-Grandson of Darius Nothus.
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
==Seleucid Babylonia==
+
==Macedonian Babylonia==
−
{{Further|Seleucid Empire}}
+
−
Babylon was captured by [[Alexander the Great]] in 330 BC.  It was captured by the Parthians in 141 BC.
+
 
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{| class="nowraplinks" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" width="600px" rules="all" style="background:#fbfbfb; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; font-size:90%; empty-cells:show; border-collapse:collapse"
 
|- bgcolor="#F6E6AE"
 
|- bgcolor="#F6E6AE"
Line 438: Line 435:
 
| [[Alexander the Great|Alexander III the Great]] || 330 – 323 BC ||
 
| [[Alexander the Great|Alexander III the Great]] || 330 – 323 BC ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Alexander IV of Macedon|Alexander IV]] || 323 – 309 BC ||
+
| [[Philip III of Macedon|Philip III Arrhideus]] ||323 - 317 BC ||
 +
|-
 +
| [[Alexander IV of Macedon|Alexander IV]] || 317 – 309 BC ||
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
==Seleucid Babylonia==
 +
{{Further|Seleucid Empire}}
 +
Babylon was captured by [[Alexander the Great]] in 330 BC.  It was captured by the Parthians in 141 BC.
 +
{| class="nowraplinks" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" width="600px" rules="all" style="background:#fbfbfb; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; font-size:90%; empty-cells:show; border-collapse:collapse"
 +
|- bgcolor="#F6E6AE"
 +
! Ruler !! Reigned !! Comments
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Seleucus I Nicator]] || [[Satrap]] 311 – 305 BC, King 305 – 281 BC ||
 
| [[Seleucus I Nicator]] || [[Satrap]] 311 – 305 BC, King 305 – 281 BC ||

Latest revision as of 11:36, 18 March 2018

The following is a list of the kings of Babylonia (ancient southern-central Iraq), compiled from the traditional Babylonian king lists and modern archaeological findings. One of the most popular kings known of ruling Babylonia and having a very important code of rules and rights, is Hammurabi.

Babylonian King List

The Babylonian King List is a very specific ancient list of supposed Babylonian kings recorded in several ancient locations, and related to its predecessor, the Sumerian King List. As in the latter, contemporaneous dynasties are misleadingly listed as successive without comment.[citation needed]

There are three versions, which are known as "King List A"[1] (containing all the kings from the First Dynasty of Babylon to the Neo-Assyrian king Kandalanu), "King List B"[2] (containing only the two first dynasties), and "King List C"[3] (containing the first seven kings of the Second Dynasty of Isin). A fourth version was written in Greek by Berossus. The "Babylonian King List of the Hellenistic Age" is a continuation that mentions all the Seleucid kings from Alexander the Great to Demetrius II Nicator.[4]

Middle Bronze Age

Early Amorite city-states

Kings of Larsa

List of the kings of Larsa (39th year of the reign of Hammurabi)
King Hammurabi of Babylon (right) (r. 1728–1686 BC) on his law code stele
Further information: Larsa
Ruler Reigned Comments
Naplanum c. 1961–1940 BC Contemporary of Ibbi-Suen of Ur III
Emisum c. 1940–1912 BC
Samium c. 1912–1877 BC
Zabaia c. 1877–1868 BC Son of Samium, First royal inscription
Gungunum c. 1868–1841 BC Gutian king who Gained independence from Lipit-Eshtar of Isin
Abisare c. 1841–1830 BC
Sumuel c. 1830–1801 BC
Nur-Adad c. 1801–1785 BC Contemporary of Sumu-la-El of Babylon
Sin-Iddinam c. 1785–1778 BC Son of Nur-Adad
Sin-Eribam c. 1778–1776 BC
Sin-Iqisham c. 1776–1771 BC Contemporary of Zambiya of Isin, Son of Sin-Eribam
Silli-Adad c. 1771–1770 BC
Warad-Sin c. 1770–1758 BC Possible co-regency with Kudur-Mabuk his father
Rim-Sin I c. 1758–1699 BC Contemporary of Irdanene of Uruk, Defeated by Hammurabi of Babylon, Brother of Warad-Sin
Hammurabi of Babylon c. 1699–1686 BC Official Babylonian rule, code of Hammurabi
Samsu-iluna of Babylon c. 1686–1678 BC Official Babylonian rule
Rim-Sin II c. 1678–1674 BC Killed in revolt against Babylon

Babylonian Empire (Middle Bronze Age)

First Dynasty of Babylon, (Amorite Dynasty)

First Dynasty of Babylon (ca. (1830–1531 BC)
Further information: First Dynasty of Babylon
Ruler Reigned Comments
Sumu-abum or Su-abu c. 1830–1817 BC Amorite chieftain, founder of independent Babylonian State, Contemporary of Erishum I of Assyria
Sumu-la-El c. 1817–1781 BC Contemporary of Ikunum of Assyria
Sabium or Sabum c. 1781–1767 BC Son of Sumu-la-El
Apil-Sin c. 1767–1749 BC Son of Sabium
Sin-Muballit c. 1748–1729 BC Son of Apil-Sin
Hammurabi c. 1728–1686 BC Founded Babylonian Empire. Contemporary of Zimri-Lim of Mari, Siwe-palar-huppak of Elam and Shamshi-Adad I of Assyria
Samsu-iluna c. 1686–1648 BC Son of Hammurabi
Abi-eshuh or Abieshu c. 1648–1620 BC Son of Samsu-iluna
Ammi-ditana c. 1620–1583 BC Son of Abi-eshuh
Ammi-saduqa or Ammisaduqa c. 1582–1562 BC Venus tablet of Ammisaduqa
Samsu-Ditana c. 1562–1531 BC Deposed by Hitite king Mursilis in the Sack of Babylon. Last Amorite ruler.

Sealand Dynasty (Dynasty II of Babylon)

Further information: Sealand Dynasty

These rulers may not have ruled Babylonia itself for more than the briefest of periods, but rather the formerly Sumerian regions south of it. Nevertheless, it is often traditionally numbered the Second Dynasty of Babylon, and so is listed here.

Ruler Reigned Comments
Ilum-ma-ili fl. c. 1732 BC Contemporary of Samsu-iluna and Abi-ešuh
Itti-ili-nibi
Damqi-ilishu His city walls for Der demolished by Ammi-Ditana
Ishkibal
Shushushi
Gulkishar
mDIŠ+U-EN Contemporary of LIK.KUD-Šamaš (Assyria)
Peshgaldaramesh
Ayadaragalama May have ruled briefly over Babylon
Akurduana
Melamkurkurra
Ea-gamil fl. c. 1460 BC Overthrown by Kassite Ulam Buriaš

Early Kassite Monarchs

Further information: Early Kassite rulers

This dynasty also did not actually rule Babylon, but their numbering scheme was continued by later Kassite Kings of Babylon, and so they are listed here.

Ruler Reigned Comments
Gandaš fl. c. 1730 BC
Agum I Known as Maḫrû, "the first," or rabi, "the great."
Kaštiliašu I Son of Agum I *according to the Agum-Kakrime Inscription
Abi-Rattaš Son of Kaštiliašu I *; may occupy fifth place, then Ušši or Uššiašu may come here
Kaštiliašu II
Ur-zigurumaš Descendant of Abi-Rattaš *; alternative reading Tazzigurumaš
Ḫurbazum Tell Muḥammed level 3, alternatively Ḫarba-Šipak/Šihu
Šipta’ulzi Tell Muḥammed level 2, alternatively Tiptakzi

Late Bronze Age

Kassite Dynasty (Third Dynasty of Babylon)

Kassite Dynasty (ca. 1507–1155 BC)
King Meli-Shipak II (centre) (ca. 1186–1172 BC)
Further information: Kassites
Ruler Reigned Comments
Agum II or Agum-Kakrime c. 1507 BC
Burnaburiash I Treaty with Puzur-Ashur III of Assyria
Kashtiliash III
Ulamburiash Conquers the first Sealand dynasty
Agum III
Karaindash Contemporary of Amenophis III of Egypt
Kadashman-harbe I
Kurigalzu I
Kadashman-Enlil I c. 1374–1360 BC Contemporary of Amenophis III of the Egyptian Amarna letters
Burnaburiash II c. 1359–1333 BC Contemporary of Akhenaten and Ashur-uballit I
Kara-hardash c. 1333 BC Grandson of Ashur-uballit I of Assyria
Nazi-Bugash or Shuzigash c. 1333 BC Deposed by Ashur-uballit I of Assyria
Kurigalzu II c. 1332–1308 BC Son of Burnaburiash II, Fought Battle of Sugagi with Enlil-nirari of Assyria
Nazi-Maruttash c. 1307–1282 BC Contemporary of Adad-nirari I of Assyria
Kadashman-Turgu c. 1281–1264 BC Contemporary of Hattusili III of the Hittites
Kadashman-Enlil II c. 1263–1255 BC Contemporary of Hattusili III of the Hittites
Kudur-Enlil c. 1254–1246 BC
Shagarakti-Shuriash c. 1245–1233 BC Son of Kudur-Enlil
Kashtiliashu IV c. 1232–1225 BC Deposed by Tukulti-Ninurta I of Assyria
Enlil-nadin-shumi c. 1224 BC Assyria installed governor under Tukulti-Ninurta I
Kadashman-Harbe II c. 1223 BC Assyria installed governor under Tukulti-Ninurta I
Adad-shuma-iddina c. 1222–1217 BC Assyria installed governor under Tukulti-Ninurta I
Adad-shuma-usur c. 1216–1187 BC Contemporary of Ashur-nirari III of Assyria
Meli-Shipak II c. 1186–1172 BC
Marduk-apla-iddina I c. 1171–1159 BC
Zababa-shuma-iddin c. 1158 BC
Enlil-nadin-ahi c. 1157–1155 BC Deposed by Shutruk-Nahhunte of Elam, ending the Kassite Dynasty

Iron Age

Dynasty IV of Babylon, from Isin

The name of the dynasty, BALA PA.ŠE, is a paronomasia on the term išinnu, “stalk,” written as PA.ŠE and is the only apparent reference to the actual city of Isin.[5] It is therefore also known as the Second Dynasty of Isin or Isin II.

King Marduk-nadin-ahhe (r. 1100–1082 BC)
Ruler Reigned Comments
Marduk-kabit-ahheshu c. 1155–1140 BC Founded first native Mesopotamian Dynasty in Babylon
Itti-Marduk-balatu c. 1140–1132 BC
Ninurta-nadin-shumi c. 1132–1126 BC
Nabu-kudurri-usur (Nebuchadnezzar I) c. 1126–1103 BC Contemporary and rival of Ashur-resh-ishi I of Assyria
Enlil-nadin-apli c. 1103–1100 BC Fought with Tiglath-Pileser I of Assyria
Marduk-nadin-ahhe c. 1100–1082 BC Fought with Tiglath-Pileser I of Assyria
Marduk-shapik-zeri c. 1082–1069 BC Entente cordial with Aššur-bêl-kala of Assyria
Adad-apla-iddina c. 1069–1046 BC Married daughter to Aššur-bêl-kala of Assyria
Marduk-ahhe-eriba c. 1046 BC
Marduk-zer-X c. 1046–1033 BC
Nabu-shum-libur c. 1033–1025 BC Dynasty ends with incursions of the Arameans

Dynasty V of Babylon

Known as the 2nd Sealand Dynasty, the evidence that this was a Kassite Dynasty is rather tenuous.[6]

Ruler Reigned Comments
Simbar-shipak c. 1025–1008 BC Deposed native dynasty, assassinated by his successor
Ea-mukin-zeri c. 1008 BC Usurper
Kashshu-nadin-ahi c. 1008–1004 BC Distressed times and famine

Dynasty VI of Babylon

Known as the Bīt-Bazi Dynasty after the region from where this minor Kassite clan drew its ancestry.[7]

Ruler Reigned Comments
Eulmash-shakin-shumi c. 1004 – 987 BC Founded Bīt-Bazi dynasty
Ninurta-kudurri-usur I c. 987 – 985 BC
Shirikti-shuqamuna c. 985 BC

Dynasty VII of Babylon

This was an Elamite Dynasty.

Ruler Reigned Comments
Mar-biti-apla-usur c. 985 – 979 BC Elamite king who deposed the Arameans

Dynasty VIII of Babylon

Ruler Reigned Comments
Nabu-mukin-apli c. 979 – 943 BC Native Babylonian dynasty

Dynasty IX of Babylon (Dynasty of E)

King Nabu-apla-iddina (right) (r. 888–855 BC)
Ruler Reigned Comments
Ninurta-kudurri-usur II c. 943 BC Succeeded his father Nabu-mukin-apli
Mar-biti-ahhe-iddina c. 943 – 920 BC Contemporary of Ashur-Dan II of Assyria
Shamash-mudammiq c. 920 – 900 BC Lost territory to Adad-nirari II of Assyria
Nabu-shuma-ukin I c. 900 – 888 BC Gained territory from Adad-nirari II of Assyria
Nabu-apla-iddina c. 888 – 855 BC
Marduk-zakir-shumi I c. 855 – 819 BC Subjugated by Shalmaneser III of Assyria
Marduk-balassu-iqbi c. 819 – 813 BC Subjugated by Shalmaneser III of Assyria
Baba-aha-iddina c. 813 – 811 BC Subjugated by Adad-nirari III of Assyria
5 kings c. 811 – 800 BC Subjugated by Adad-nirari III of Assyria
Ninurta-apla-X c. 800 – 790 BC Briefly Freed Babylonia from Assyrian influence
Marduk-bel-zeri c. 790 – 780 BC
Marduk-apla-usur c. 780 – 769 BC Chaldean usurper, subjected by Assyria
Eriba-Marduk c. 769 – 761 BC Chaldean usurper, subjected by Assyria
Nabu-shuma-ishkun c. 761 – 748 BC Chaldean usurper, subjected by Assyria

From this point on, the Babylonian chronology is securely known via Ptolemy's Canon of Kings and other sources.

Nabu-nasir (Nabonassar) 748 – 734 BC Overthrew Chaldeans, restored native Babylonian rule,Subjugated by Tiglath-Pileser III of Assyria
Nabu-nadin-zeri 734 – 732 BC
Nabu-suma-ukin II 732 BC King of Babylon for one month and two days.
Nabu-mukin-zeri 732 – 729 BC

Dynasty X of Babylon (Assyrian)

King Marduk-apla-iddina II (left) (r. 722–710 BC)
Further information: Neo-Assyrian Empire
Ruler Reigned Comments
Tiglath-Pileser III 729 – 727 BC Assyrian king
Shalmaneser V 727 – 722 BC Assyrian king
Marduk-apla-iddina II 722 – 710 BC A Chaldean king, (the Biblical Merodach-Baladan)
Sharrukin II (Sargon II) 710 – 705 BC Assyrian king
Sin-ahhe-eriba (Sennacherib) 705 – 703 BC Assyrian king
Marduk-zakir-shumi II 703 BC Assyrian vassal
Marduk-apla-iddina II 703 BC Chaldean ruler retook Babylon from Assyria during uprising
Bel-ibni 703 – 700 BC Assyrian vassal
Ashur-nadin-shumi 700 – 694 BC Assyrian king, son of Sennacherib
Nergal-ushezib 694 – 693 BC Chaldean ruler, murdered Ashur-nadin-shumi
Mushezib-Marduk 693 – 689 BC Chaldean ruler

Assyrian Sack of Babylon by Sennacherib , 689 BC; Babylon is rebuilt by Esarhaddon of Assyria in the 670s BC

Sin-ahhe-eriba (Sennacherib) 689 – 681 BC Assyrian king, destroyed Babylon
Ashur-ahha-iddina (Esarhaddon) 681 – 669 BC Assyrian king, rebuilt Babylon
Shamash-shum-ukin 668 – 648 BC Assyrian king, son of Esarhaddon, rebelled against his brother, Ashurbanipal and was killed.
Kandalanu 648 – 627 BC Assyrian governor under Ashurbanipal, rumoured to have been Ashurbanipal himself, also governor under Ashur-etil-ilani of Assyria between 631 BC and 627 BC
Sin-shumu-lishir 626 BC Assyrian king, Ruled Babylon, but lost control over regions in Babylonia.
Sinsharishkun c. 626 – 620 BC Assyrian king. Lost control over Babylonia in 620 BC.

Dynasty XI of Babylon (Neo-Babylonian)

Further information: Neo-Babylonian Empire
King Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon (r. 605–562 BC)
Ruler Reigned Comments
Nabu-apla-usur (Nabopolassar) 626 – 605 BC Took control of Babylonia from Sinsharishkun of Assyria, ejected Assyrian armies from Babylonia in 616 BC. Entered into alliance with Cyaxares and destroyed Assyrian empire.
Nabu-kudurri-usur (Nebuchadnezzar II) 605 – 562 BC Chaldean king. Defeated the Egyptians and Assyrians at Carchemish. Is associated with Daniel in the Bible.
Amel-Marduk (Evil-Merodach) 562 – 560 BC Released Jeconiah after 37 years in captivity.
Nergal-shar-usur (Nergal-sharezer/Neriglissar) 560 – 556 BC Son-in-law of Nebuchadnezzar II. Murdered Amel-Marduk.
Labashi-Marduk 556 BC Son of Neriglissar. Murdered after being deemed unfit to rule.
Nabu-na'id (Nabonidus) 556 – 539 BC Last Mesopotamian king of Babylon, originated in Harran in Assyria. Was not a Chaldean, often left rule to his son Belshazzar in a co-regency arrangement.

Achaemenid Babylonia

Further information: Persian Mesopotamia and Achaemenid Empire

In 539 BC, Babylon was captured by Cyrus the Great. His son was later crowned formally as King of Babylonia. This list uses the Greek names of the Achaemenid Persian kings.

Ruler Reigned Comments
Cyrus the Great 539-530 BC Conquered Babylon into the Persian Empire.
Cambyses II 530 – 522 BC Son of Cyrus the Great.
Bardiya 522 BC Son of Cyrus the Great (possible an usurper named Gaumata)
Reigned only for seven months.
Darius I the Great 521 – 486 BC Son-in-law of Cyrus the Great and son of Hystaspes.
Xerxes I the Great 485 – 465 BC Son of Darius the Great and grandson of Cyrus the Great.
Maybe the Ahasuerus mentioned in the Book of Esther.
Artaxerxes I Longimanus 465 – 424 BC Son of Xerxes the Great.
Mentioned in the book of Ezra and the book of Nehemiah.
Xerxes II 424 BC Son of Artaxerxes Longimanus, reigned only for forty-five days.
Sogdianus 424 – 423 BC Illegitimate half-brother and rival of Xerxes II.
Darius II Nothus 423 – 405 BC Illegitimate half-brother and rival of Xerxes II.
Artaxerxes II Mnemon 404 – 359 BC Son of Darius Nothus, mentioned by Xenophon.
Artaxerxes III Ochus 358 – 338 BC Son of Artaxerxes Mnenon.
Artaxerxes IV Arses 338 – 336 BC Son of Artaxerxes Ochus.
Darius III Codomannus 336 – 330 BC Great-Grandson of Darius Nothus.

Macedonian Babylonia

Ruler Reigned Comments
Alexander III the Great 330 – 323 BC
Philip III Arrhideus 323 - 317 BC
Alexander IV 317 – 309 BC

Seleucid Babylonia

Further information: Seleucid Empire

Babylon was captured by Alexander the Great in 330 BC. It was captured by the Parthians in 141 BC.

Ruler Reigned Comments
Seleucus I Nicator Satrap 311 – 305 BC, King 305 – 281 BC
Antiochus I Soter co-ruler from 291, ruled 281 – 261 BC
Antiochus II Theos 261 – 246 BC
Seleucus II Callinicus 246 – 225 BC
Seleucus III Ceraunus (or Soter) 225 – 223 BC
Antiochus III the Great 223 – 187 BC
Seleucus IV Philopator 187 – 175 BC
Antiochus IV Epiphanes 175 – 164 BC
Antiochus V Eupator 164 – 162 BC
Demetrius I Soter 161 – 150 BC
Alexander III Balas 150 – 145 BC
Demetrius II Nicator first reign, 145 – 141 BC
Antiochus VI Dionysus jointly with Demetrius II, 145 – 142 BC

See also

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References

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  1. ↑ BM 33332.
  2. ↑ BM 38122.
  3. ↑ The text is in a private collection and was published in: Arno Poebel (1955). "Second Dynasty of Isin According to a New King-List Tablet". Assyriological Studies. University of Chicago Press (15). 
  4. ↑ Meissner, Bruno (1990). Reallexikon der Assyriologie. 6. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. p. 90. ISBN 3-11-010051-7. 
  5. ↑ J. A. Brinkman (1999). Dietz Otto Edzard, ed. Reallexikon Der Assyriologie Und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie: Ia – Kizzuwatna. 5. Walter De Gruyter. pp. 183–184. 
  6. ↑ Bruno Meissner (1999). Dietz Otto Edzard, ed. Reallexikon Der Assyriologie Und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie: Meek - Mythologie. Walter De Gruyter. p. 8.  “The Kassite name of Simbar-Šipak, the Kassite derived theothoric element (dKaššû = “the Kassite (god)”) in the name of the third king, and the tribal affiliation of the second monarch could suggest that this dynasty represented a revival of Kassite power following the native Babylonian rulers of the Second Dynasty of Isin; but the evidence at present must be regarded as tenuous.”
  7. ↑ J. A. Brinkman (1982). "Babylonia, c. 1000 – 748 B.C.". In John Boardman; I. E. S. Edwards; N. G. L. Hammond; E. Sollberger. The Cambridge Ancient History (Volume 3, Part 1). Cambridge University Press. pp. 296–297. 
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