=== From Iranian Safavid to confirmed Ottoman rule ===
{{See also|Massacres of Badr Khan |Massacres of Diyarbakir (1895)}}
[[File:Chaldean Genocide Memorial in Yerevan, Armeniamemorial Diyarbakir Turkey.JPGjpg|thumb|upright|Chaldean Genocide Memorial in [[Yerevan]]memorial Diyarbakir, [[Armenia]]Turkey]]
The Ottomans secured their control over Mesopotamia and Syria in the first half of the 17th century following the [[Ottoman–Safavid War (1623–39)]] and the resulting [[Treaty of Zuhab]]. Non-Muslims were organised into [[Millet (Ottoman Empire)|millets]]. Syriac Christians, however, were often considered one millet alongside Armenians until the 19th century, when Nestorian, Syriac Orthodox and Chaldeans gained that right as well.<ref name=kennith255>[http://books.google.com/books?id=fHtSuvaVAAoC&pg=PA255 The Blackwell companion to Eastern Christianity], Kenneth Parry</ref>